19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16-4 阅读理解（议论文）（第01期）（原卷版）

19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16-4 阅读理解（议论文）（第01期）（原卷版）

‎2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 ‎（一）【2019 • 重庆市中考A卷】‎ Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do.‎ Be calm(冷静). Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry can’t solve problems. Neither can a fight. Instead, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved(卷入) in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are winners in a fight.‎ Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say ＂stop＂ before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.‎ ‎____ Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem.‎ ‎1. The underlined word ＂attack＂ in Paragraph 3 means ＂_________＂ in Chinese.‎ A. 拥抱 B. 攻击 C. 阻止 D. 吸引 ‎2. Which of the following sentences can be put in the _________?‎ A. Face bravely. B. Join in a fight.‎ C. Learn to refuse. D. Talk to someone.‎ ‎3. The passage is written to _________.‎ A. help students keep away from fights B. warn students not to fight C. advise students to help each other D. encourage students to work hard ‎4. The passage is written in a/an _________ tone(语气).‎ A. sad B. angry C. serious D. crazy ‎（二）【2019 • 浙江省金华、义乌、丽水市】‎ In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why?‎ Sometimes we feel we are acting correctly when we do the same as others. The more people follow an idea, the better or truer we think the idea is. It’s the social proof(社会认同感) that works.‎ The scientist Asch carried out an experiment. It shows how social proof can influence us. In a room, a man is shown Line 1, and next to it are three lines(A, B, C). A is longer, C is shorter and B is as long as Line 1. He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1. When the man is alone, he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other man enter the room, and each of them gives the answer C as they were told to. Now the man changes his idea and gives the answer C. Asch got the same result many times among different subjects(实验对象).‎ Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a way to keep away from danger. Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting(打猎) with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others’ action. It is so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now.‎ Social proof has special power. The advertising industry, for example, often makes use of it. So be careful whenever a company says its product is ＂the most popular＂.‎ ‎5. At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by _________.‎ A. telling a story B. giving examples C. answering questions D. showing a map ‎6. According to Paragraph 3, the experiment by Asch shows _________.‎ A. following others is always right B. social proof may change people’s ideas C. it’s difficult to carry out the experiment D. people can study better if they are alone ‎7. The underlined word ＂It＂ in Paragraph 4 refers to _________.‎ A. running with others B. hunting with friends C. copying others’ action D. doing something different ‎8. According to the passage, we can infer(推断) that _________.‎ A. it’s important to run with others anytime B. products in the advertisement are the best C. we mustn’t copy others’ action to keep safe D. we need to think twice before following others ‎（三）【2019 • 浙江省衢州市】‎ Texting while driving is against the law in 47 states. But what about texting while walking? A 2018 study reported that more than 2, 500 people in the US ended up in hospitals resulting from using a mobile device(设备) while walking.‎ Hawaii passed a law making it illegal(违法的) to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street. It is the first state with a law like this. Do people think more places should accept such a law? The LA Times did a survey. Here are some replies they received.‎ Rena Jose, 2, New York Which is more important, texting or safety? If you are looking at your phone while walking, you might not see a car come or traffic lights turn red. It can be very dangerous. For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and another got her leg stuck in a hole, because both had their mind on their phone. We should make texting while crossing the street illegal in more cities.‎ Andy Selvam, 55, California ‎ People do many things that cause injury to themselves but are not illegal, such as climbing mountains, driving cars, swimming and so on. People might get hurt from texting and walking if they’re not paying attention. But I still think they should have a choice.‎ Bob Madigan, 45, Oregon As humans, we can make our own decisions. I’m not saying it’s safe, but we don’t need the government to babysit us. If we want to learn to make smart decisions, the government needs to stop telling us what to do. After all, this is a free country.‎ Andrew Black, 34, Alaska This law is a good idea—compare this protection with seat belts. If this law is passed all over US, people will be worried. But is there really a way to please everyone? This would not be for fun. It would be safe and good for all Americans.‎ ‎9. According to the passage, in _________, it is against the law if people text while crossing the street.‎ A. Alaska B. California C. Hawaii D. New York ‎10. The LA Times did the survey most probably to _________.‎ A. win the hearts of more readers B. encourage more states to pass the law C. ask readers if they agree with texting while driving D. learn about people’s opinions on texting while walking ‎11. In Rena’s reply, she showed the danger of texting while walking by _________.‎ A. using numbers B. giving examples C. asking questions D. telling stories ‎12. Which of the following is Andrew Black’s opinion?‎ A. Texting is more important than safety.‎ B. The law would help to keep Americans safe.‎ C. It’s easy to please everyone when passing a law.‎ D. Whether to text or not while walking is people’s own choice.‎ ‎（四）【2019 • 安徽省中考】‎ ‎ Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.‎ Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1, 000 times thicker and heavier than air. To move through the water, your body has to work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories (卡路里).‎ In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried. They feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.‎ But what if you are afraid of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills. You don’t even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone.‎ ‎13. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. Difference between air and water. B. Weight change of one’s body.‎ C. The advantages of aquatic exercise. D. The ways to do aquatic exercise.‎ ‎14. What do most people think of aquatic exercise?‎ A. Relaxing. B. Worrying. C. Challenging. D. Boring.‎ ‎15. According to the text, aquatic exercise is _________.‎ A. done in groups B. fit for everyone C. difficult to learn D. done with special skills ‎16. In which part of a magazine can we read the text?‎ A. Culture. B. Health. C. Nature. D. Travel.‎ ‎（五）【2019 • 山东省潍坊市】‎ ‎ ‎ A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and diabetes.‎ For children, eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes(结果) —it is also about developing good ones.‎ In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the world’s countries .Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒). ‎ In the report, titled ＂The Importance of Family Dinners (VIII) ＂, researchers say that ＂teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what’s going on in their lives ＂. They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents, they are less likely to use drugs and alcohol.‎ Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long –term physical and mental health benefits(好处) .These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks .These children also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive(好斗的).‎ Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents ＂likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social issues(事件) and day-to-day concerns ＂. She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others.‎ ‎17. What can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Benefits of eating together B. Advantages of eating alone C. Ways of developing social skills D. Risks of using drugs and alcohol ‎18. Children eating with their families are more likely to _________.‎ A. drink more sugary soft drinks B. do well in their studies at school C. be more socially active and aggressive D. have a closer relationship with their parents ‎19. Why is Professor Pagani mentioned in the last paragraph?‎ A. To introduce her B. To add a new point C. To explain further D. To provide background information ‎20. From which is the text probably taken?‎ A. A travel guide B. A biology textbook C. A cooking instruction D. A science magazine ‎（六）【2019 • 江苏省南京市】‎ SPEAK YOUR MIND Mike Isaac and I are reporters of Student Daily. For the topics of our newspaper next month visited Sunshine Elementary School on May 10. We interviewed some students and here is what they said.‎ JOSLYN FARCE, 9‎ I believe that we should recycle more paper, because we’re cutting down too many trees. The more trees that are cut down, the more oxygen we lose. The companies responsible should plant more trees.‎ JAYDEN MITCHELL, 9‎ Running is the best exercise, because you’re moving your whole body. It helps your heart and your lungs. Not everyone is healthy, so we should have more exercise.‎ ANDREW BARHAS,9‎ I think everyone should use a calm voice. When people are loud, it causes them to be mad at one another. Sometimes it even makes people quarrel with each other. When people speak calmly to one another, they feel happy.‎ JOSEPH TRUONG, 10‎ People should stop hunting tigers for their fur, for fun and for medicine. Imagine if you were a tiger free in the wild, and the... BOOM, you are shot (枪杀) for your fur. How would you feel?‎ ‎21. What did Mike Isaac and the writer visit Sunshine Elementary School for?‎ A. For environment protection. B. For wildlife protection.‎ C. For good manners in school. D. For topics of the newspaper.‎ ‎22. What may cause people to be mad at one another in Andrew Vargas’s opinion?‎ A. Losing more oxygen. B. Speaking in a loud voice.‎ C. Cutting down more trees. D. Hunting tigers for medicine.‎ ‎23. Who talked about health?‎ A. Joslyn Frace. B. Jayden Mitchell. C. Andrew Vargas. D. Joseph Truong.‎ ‎（七）【2019 • 江西省中考】‎ ‎ Playing video games and getting money for it seems like a dream job for many of today’s teenagers. But is it all fun and games?‎ Big business Pro (professional) gaming is certainly big business. In 2017, there were more than 3,000 gaming competitions and over 10,000 professional players worldwide. A large number of people watch their competitions online, and successful gamers can get more than 1,000,000 dollars from prize money and ads. The industry is clearly thriving. ‎ What it takes Becoming a professional is not just about being good at playing games- it also takes a lot of hard work. Some pro gamers practice for fourteen hours a day. "You need to spend much time and put all your efforts to it", says ex-gamer George Not all fun and games It can be a difficult job as well. Stress is a big problem for gamers. Tiredness is another, and injuries(受伤) are ‎ common. Top player Hai Lam had wrist(手腕) problems after years of pro gaming. Careers(生涯)are short, and many gamers retire (退休) before they are 30 and try to find another job. ‎ However, the bad points probably won’t change the dreams of many teenage gamers. And angry parents are still likely to hear the excuse, ＂But I’m just practicing for my future job!＂‎ ‎24. How many professional players were there around the world in 2017?‎ A. 130.000. B. More than 3, 000. C. Over1,000.000. D. More than 10.000‎ ‎25. What does the underlined word "thriving" in Paragraph 2 mean A. Getting worse. B. Doing well. C. Developing slowly. D. Changing quickly.‎ ‎26. What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?‎ A. Children are angry with their parents B. Teenagers practice games for their future jobs C. Some teenagers are crazy about playing games D. Parents stop their children playing games successfully.‎ ‎27. What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Pro gaming isn’t all fun and games B. The career as a pro gamer doesn’t last long C. Being a pro gamer is a good choice for teenagers.‎ D. Being a pro gamer is an easy way to make money.‎ ‎（八）【2019 • 天津市中考】‎ ‎ There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of(不管)age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough.‎ The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure(血压).‎ Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, peopele who sleep a lot are usuallv seen as ＂lazy＂. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five ‎ hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do.‎ How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert (专家) in sleep. He says , ＂Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less. you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The morehours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should t sleep to ‘pay back’ the hours on your ‘sleepcredit card.’＂‎ For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. ＂Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.＂‎ ‎28. According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to _________.‎ A. eat healthy food every day B. take excrcisc as much as possible C. get medical help whenever necessary D. sleep eight hours or more every night ‎29. What does ＂slecep-deprived＂ mean in Paragraph 2?‎ A. Having a good sleep. B. Excited about sleep.‎ C. Having less sleep. D. Interested in sleep.‎ ‎30. According to Dr. James Maas. what is sleep like?‎ A. An hour. B. A report.‎ C. A credit card. D. A piece of paper.‎ ‎31. What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragragh 5?‎ A. Sleeping during the night is foolish.‎ B. Sleeping during the night is helpful.‎ C. People have no courage.‎ D. People always do less work.‎ ‎32. What is the best title of the passage’?‎ A. The Value of Sleep B. The Value of Study C. The Ways of Eating Less D. The Ways of Making Money ‎（九）【2019 • 浙江省宁波市】‎ ‎ Many people might think that if they had more money, then they would he happier in life. For example, people might look at what others have, like expensive clothes or nice cars, and wish they could have the same. But the ‎ things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long.‎ ‎___①____ But is that really true? Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. __②____ Instead, it’s giving money to others that makes people happy. __③___ It could be buying a present for a friend or a family member. ___④___ It could he buying a homeless person food to eat. It could he giving money to a person in need. Just think about the last time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel? Whether it is a small or large amount of money. People feel happier when they give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.‎ This idea of connecting your happiness to the happiness of others is described as a ubuntu in an African language. There is even a story about a man visiting Africa who asked some kids to race to a nearby tree. ‘The first child to touch the tree would get a sweet treat. Surprising, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. ‘The children simply said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one.‎ ‎33. The writer says that buying things _________.‎ A. can make people worried B. can make people nervous C. may lead to sadness for long D. may lead to happiness for a short time ‎34. Where can we best put "But its not having money that brings happiness." n Paragraph 2?‎ A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④‎ ‎35. Why does the writer quote(引用) a story in Paragraph 3?‎ A. To explain Africans like sweets. B. To show examples are not enough-‎ C. To make the writer’s opinion clearer. D. To express happiness is from children.‎ ‎36. What does the writer try to tell us?‎ A. Buying new things can make people happy.‎ B. The key to happiness is making others happy.‎ C. If you want to be happy, you can visit Africa.‎ D. People who have a lot of money might not be happy.‎