高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例

高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例

‎2016届高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例 完形填空之说明文文体 ‎ ‎ Step I 说明文类完形填空的命题特点 说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一个存在的社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。由于以上特点，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往对说明的话题进行概括说明。‎ Step II 2012·年全国新课标卷的完形填空试题（说明文）‎ Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks __36__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __37__ than we realize. In fact, non－verbal communication (非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really __38__.And body language is particularly __39__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures (文化)．Indeed, what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.‎ And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__41__， different societies treat the __42__ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having __43__ contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with __44__.People from Latin American countries, __45__， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in __46__， it may look like a Latino is __47__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __48__.The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __49__ — which the Latino will in return regard as __50__.‎ Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __51__.And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __52__ cultures, there's a strong possibility of __53__.But whatever the situation, the best __54__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __55__.‎ ‎36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further 37. A. sands B. invitations C. feelings D. messages 38. A. hope B. receive C. discover D. mean 39. A. immediate B. misleading C. important D. difficult 40. A. wep B. far C. much D. long 41. A. For example B.Thus C.However D. In short 42. A. trade B.distance C. connections D. greetings 43. A. eye B. verbal C. bodily D. telephone 44. A. strangers B. Relatives C. neighbours D. Enemies 45. A. in other words B. on the other hand C. in a similar way D. by all means 46. A. trouble B. conversation C. silence D. experiment 47. A. disturbing B. Helping C. guiding D. following 48. A. closer B. faster C. in D. away 49. A. stepping forward B. going on C. backing away D. coming out 50. A. weakness B. carelessness C. friendliness D.‎ ‎ coldness 51. A. talk B. travel C. laugh D. think 52. A. different B. European C. Latino D. rich 53. A. curiosity B. excitement C. misunderstanding D.nervousness 54. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice 55. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleased Step III 解答说明文类完形填空的应试策略 （以2012年完形试题为例）‎ ‎1．利用说明文的首句查找说明主体 说明文一般开头点题，即作者往往在首句直接提出说明对象。这篇文章的首句为： Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all！故文章说明的主体就是“body language”。‎ ‎2．把握说明文的两种结构模式 ‎(1)总分式。包括“总—分、分—总、总—分—总”等具体形式。‎ 本篇文章采用“总—分—总”模式，即先说明“body language”的重要性，然后用跨文化交流的一个例子来说明，即“Northern Europeans”和“People from Latin American countries”在交流中的“body language”，最后作总结。‎ ‎(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：‎ 空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；‎ 时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；‎ 逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。‎ Step IV 解答说明文类完形填空的3个解题步骤 第一步：通过短文首尾句抓主旨 说明文的篇首会出现话题中心，通过首段可把握文章的主题；而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔。利用开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句可以概括出本篇文章的大意：身势语在交际中的重要性，并举了一些相关的例子。‎ 第二步：填空时关注段落或意群间的内在联系 文章第一段可以分为三个意群。‎ 第一个意群为前两句，提出“body language”的重要性超过了语言，故__36__题自然成为louder；‎ 第二个意群第3、4句，从专家的角度列举论据；‎ 第三个意群为5～13句，其中心内容为：Indeed, what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.；然后以8～13句的具体事例说明中心内容。‎ 在第一段说明“body language”在交际中的重要作用的基础上，第二段提出了解决“misunderstanding”的方法，即第三段的最后一句：treat others as you would like to be __55__。‎ 第三步：重览短文，查缺补漏 通读文章，检查思路是否顺畅及有无逻辑关系错误，同时填补遗留的空缺。‎ step V 应用体验---------(2013·安徽高考)‎ If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a ___36_____ reason, such as your job or your studies?___37____ perhaps you’re interested in the ___38____ ,films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a ___39____ of the language. ‎ Most people learn best using a variety of ___40____, but traditional classes are an ideal（理想的）start for many people. They ___41___ an environment where you can practice under the ___42___ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead ___43___ lives and learning a language takes __44___. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ___45___. It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __46____. ‎ Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too __47___,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more __48___ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any ___49___. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people ___50___ about the mistakes they make when ___51___. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __52____ you’re much less likely to make them again. ‎ Learning a new language is never ___53___. But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be ___54__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in ___55___ own language. Good luck! ‎ ‎36.A. technical             B. political           C. practical         D. physical ‎ ‎37. A. After                 B. So                C. Though           D. Or ‎ ‎38.A literature B. transport C. agriculture D. medicine ‎ ‎39.A view B. knowledge C. form D. database ‎ ‎40.A paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers ‎ ‎41.A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide ‎ ‎42.A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure ‎ ‎43.A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal ‎ ‎44.A. courage B. time C. energy D. place ‎ ‎45.A. theory B. business C. routine D. project ‎ ‎46.A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more ‎ ‎47.A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired ‎ ‎48.A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly ‎ ‎49.A. age B. speed C. distance D. school ‎ ‎50.A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel ‎ ‎51.A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning ‎ ‎52.A. if B. and C. but D. before ‎ ‎53.A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy ‎ ‎54.A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed ‎ ‎55.A. their B. his C. our D.your 提示： 读懂文章是关键 ‎1．文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章就学习外语的原因、方法以及外语学习与年龄、犯错误之间的关系等进行了讨论。‎ ‎2．文章脉络：探讨学习外语的原因→探讨学习外语的方法→探讨学习外语与年龄、犯错误之间的关系→总结：努力、坚持学就有会有所收获。‎ step V 随堂即时训练 ‎ Children have lost touch with nature and the outdoors in just one generation! Recently a campaign encouraging children to put away __1__ and play outside has been organized. The campaign, said to be the biggest __2__， has been launched with the __3__ of a documentary film, Project Wild Thing. It tells the story of how, __4__ an attempt to get his daughter and son outside, film－maker David Bond __5__ as marketing director for nature.‎ The call to renew a __6__ with nature comes from about 400 organizations, from playgroups to the National Health Service. Children are being __7__ to take back their “wild time”， __8__ 30 minutes of screen use for ‎ outdoor activities. The organizers __9__ that giving up 30 minutes of television and computer games each day in exchange for outdoor play will increase the __10__ of fitness and alertness and improve children's well－being.‎ According to the chairman Andy Simpson, right now, time spent outdoors is __11__， activity levels are declining and the ability to identify common species has been __12__.‎ ‎“With many more parents becoming __13__ the dominance (统治地位) of screen time in their children's lives, and growing scientific evidence that a decline in __14__ time is bad news for the health and happiness of our children, we all need to become marketing directors for nature. We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a __15__，” said Mr. Simpson.‎ In Mr. Bond's opinion, the reasons why kids, __16__ they live in cities or the countryside, have become __17__ from nature and the outdoors are complex. “We need to make more space for wild time in children's daily routine, __18__ this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted. It's all about finding __19__ on your doorstep and discovering the sights, sounds and __20__ of nature — maybe in a back garden, a local park, or just green space at the end of the road.”‎ ‎1. A. subjects B. screens C. stages D. scenes ‎ ‎2. A. ever B. likely C. then D. even ‎ ‎3. A. outcome B. direction C. exposure D. release ‎ ‎4. A. by B. on C. for D. in ‎ ‎5. A. behaves B. acts C. treats D. regards ‎ ‎6. A. connection B. commitment C．contract D. campaign ‎ ‎7. A. pulled B. forced C. urged D. warned ‎ ‎8. A. providing B. taking C. swapping D. preparing ‎ ‎9. A. allow B. admit C. acquire D. argue ‎ ‎10. A. amounts B. levels C. degrees D. standards ‎ ‎11. A. down B. up C. over D. off ‎ ‎12. A. developed B. shown C. tested D. lost ‎ ‎13. A. delighted with B. guilty of C. concerned about D. desperate for ‎ ‎14. A. free B. active C. spare D. normal ‎ ‎15. A. go B. bit C. look D. fit ‎ ‎16. A. while B. though C. as D. whether ‎ ‎17. A. escaped B. disconnected C. suffered D. protected ‎ ‎18．A. freeing B. forbidding C. seeking D. serving ‎ ‎19. A. imagination B. fortune C. wildness D. solution ‎ ‎20. A. senses B. voices C. features D. smells 完形填空之议论文文体 ‎ ‎ Step I 议论文类完形填空的命题特点 议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种文体，它一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文型完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的论点。‎ Step II 2014·新课标卷Ⅰ卷的完形填空试题（议论文）‎ As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they aare performed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this__41___at work in people of all___42___. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about___43___with their new toys. But their__44___soon wears off and by January those___45___toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of___46___stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s ___47___interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child ___48___bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the___49___of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great__50___but are soon looking forward to___51___. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many__52__, who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work,___53__drove for hours at a time when they first__54__their driver’s license (执照)? Before people retire, they usually__55__to do a lot of ___56___things, which they never had__57__to do while working. But__58__after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they__59__. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new___60__.‎ ‎41. A. principle B. habit C. weaker D. power ‎42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages ‎ ‎43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going ‎44. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow ‎45. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive ‎46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collected D. half-filled ‎47. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main ‎48. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly ‎49. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game ‎50. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement ‎51. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success ‎52. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees ‎53. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely ‎54. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered ‎55. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan ‎56. A. great B. strong C. difficult D. correct ‎57. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge ‎58. A. only B. well C. even D. soon.‎ ‎59. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit ‎60. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues Step III 解答议论文类完形填空的应试策略 （以2014年新课标I完形试题为例）‎ ‎1．了解论点提出的三种方式，抓住文章的核心 议论文提出论点主要有三种方法：‎ ‎(1)开门见山地提出论点； (2)导入式提出论点； (3)最后提出论点。‎ 本文在文章的一开始就提出论点，‎ 即： As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis.‎ ‎2．关注文章的组织结构 这篇文章的结构为：开篇提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据一一地论证该论点。‎ ‎3．体会文章中的语言感情色彩 作者在写作时往往赋予了文章一定的感情色彩，语气和感情色彩的和谐会贯穿于全文。对语言感情色彩和谐性的掌握会为理解全文提供帮助。‎ Step IV 解答议论文类完形填空的3个解题步骤 第一步：通读全文，从首(尾)句入手，抓住中心 议论文的写作思路一般为：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题。因此文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句，而最后通常为文章的结论。‎ 该篇文章是“论点——论据”结构，考生必须利用文章的首句推测出文章的中心，找到理解文章的正确方向。利用这一方法可以得出这篇文章的大意：在人的一生中会有很多兴趣与爱好，但是当这些兴趣和爱好成为常规，即经常要做的事情时，人们很快就会失去对它们的兴趣，转而寻找新的兴趣与爱好了。‎ 作者在本文中通过孩子厌倦玩具、少年厌倦高中、青年厌倦大学、成人厌倦开车、老年人厌倦退休后的生活的例子告诉了我们这个道理。‎ 第二步：综合考虑，逐项填空 在解题的过程中，首先要把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的鲜明观点，而作者的观点即文章的论点。另外，还要注意段与段之间的逻辑关系。议论文的每一段往往就是一个论据，而论据间又是互为补充、互为联系的。‎ 第三步：复核全文，整体把握 通读全文，检验是否每条论据都合情合理，都能强有力地支撑论点.‎ step V 应用体验---------(2012·江苏高考)‎ The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non－existent. In the world of digital technology, e－mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be __36__.Solitude can be hard to discover __37__ it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have __38__ our culture.‎ The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) __39__ as we've known it. People have become so __40__ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted __41__ they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e－mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our __42__， but from our mobile phones as well.‎ Most developed nations have become __43__ on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not __44__ it would make them an outsider.__45__， many jobs and careers require people to be __46__.From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a __47__ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.‎ I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who __48__ wants it. Computers can be ‎ shut __49__ and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and“ on” has many __50__， as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up __51__ on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel __52__ and forced to answer unwanted calls or __53__ to unwanted texts.‎ Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society __54__ across generations. Some find today's technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like __55__ daily advancements in technology.‎ ‎36. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected ‎ ‎37. A. though B. until C. once D. before ‎ ‎38. A. respected   B. shaped        C. ignored D. preserved ‎ ‎39. A. edge       B. stage         C. end D. balance ‎ ‎40.  A.  sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable ‎ ‎41.  A. even if     B. only if C. as if D. if only ‎ ‎42. A. media B. computes C. databases D. monitors ‎ ‎43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent ‎ ‎44. A. finding B. using    C. protecting D. changing ‎45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow ‎ ‎46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested ‎ ‎47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment ‎ ‎48. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really ‎ ‎49. A. out B. down C. up D. in ‎ ‎50. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions ‎ ‎51. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted ‎ ‎52. A. trapped B. excitcd C. confused D. amused ‎ ‎53. A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply ‎ ‎54. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist ‎ ‎55. A. beyond B. within C. despite D. without 提示：读懂文章是关键 ‎1．文章大意：由于数码技术的发展，独处的概念几乎不复存在。‎ ‎2．文章脉络：第一段提出论点；第二段讲“独处”时代的终结；第三段以发达国家为例分别论述了新科技的影响；第四段论述了be “connected” and “on”的优缺点；最后一段得出结论。‎ step V 随堂即时训练 ‎ All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years. It's the age when we have to deal with the most __1__ in our life. This transition (过渡) from childhood to adulthood is __2__ for some, but rough for others. The most important thing about being a teenager is __3__. When we are teenagers, we would get blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do.‎ It's all not so __4__ about being a teenager though. We don't have to have our __5__ take us to somewhere we want to go or we couldn't go before. We can have __6__ with friends or even alone, which we couldn't have because we were too __7__ to know what pleasure is! It's a very enjoyable time of life. During this age, we are old enough to __8__ what is good for us, and make decisions without __9__ others.‎ But like the saying goes, “All good things must come to an end, but all bad things can continue __10__ .” During this period, we are having much __11__ for our studies. If we don't pass, we won't get jobs, and things will take a turn for the __12__ . With the present world economy in __13__， we have to do really, really well in our ‎ __14__ for a job. Adults say that their __15__ is the hardest part of life. But I think the transition from a kid to an adult is much __16__ than being already an adult. What we do in our teenage years will __17__ what we become and how we lead our life in the future.‎ In conclusion, it is quite __18__ that parents put much pressure on an already stressed out teenager. If they realized that, living condition for teenagers would be much better. __19__ for the teens ourselves we should get to know what is best for us. What's more, we should understand the right __20__ of life we choose at this age can make us happy for the rest of our existence.‎ ‎36. A. chances B. changes C. feelings D. expectations ‎ ‎37. A. smooth B. practical C. demanding D. necessary ‎ ‎38. A. knowledge B. independence C. confidence D. responsibility ‎ ‎39. A. easy B. strange C. bad D. interesting ‎ ‎40. A. guides B. partners C. parents D. friends ‎ ‎41. A. fun B. trouble C. relation D. business ‎ ‎42. A. proud B. young C. smart D. mature ‎ ‎43. A. predict B. remember C. imagine D. understand ‎ ‎44. A. guiding B. helping C. inviting D. consulting ‎ ‎45. A. occasionally B. temporarily C. forever D. increasingly ‎ ‎46. A. pressure B. passion C. motivation D. panic ‎ ‎47. A. better B. worse C. fewer D. more ‎ ‎48. A. decline B. hope C. increase D. debt ‎ ‎49. A. contribution B. education C. application D. qualification ‎ ‎50. A. promotion B. work C. experience D. age ‎ ‎51. A. harder B. happier C. easier D. lighter ‎ ‎52. A. reflect B. confirm C. determine D. identify ‎ ‎53. A. vital B. urgent C. common D. unnecessary ‎ ‎54. A. Thus B. Although C. While D. Because ‎ ‎55. A. print B. way C. condition D. power ‎2016届高考英语完形填空备考策略 一 近年完形填空的命题趋势 ‎*1、突出语篇。‎ 例： My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling ___36___， but I always knew he was ___37___. He never criticized us, but used ___38___ to bring out our best. ‎ ‎ …father said: “when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law”.‎ ‎36. A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener ‎37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned ‎38. A. praise B. courage C. power D. warmth ‎*2、试题题型稳定，选项独具匠心。‎ 例： …She said she had a story to tell me-a postal letter carrier. ‎ ‎ About six months 3 it seemed that I had ‎4 a letter to her which had her street 5 on it but was addressed to another house with the 6 number on a different street in the neighborhood. ‎ ‎3. A. after B. earlier C. later D. ago ‎ ‎4. A. sent B. written C. delivered D. given ‎ ‎5. A mark B. sign C. board D. number ‎ ‎6. A. correct B. wrong C. same D. different ‎ ‎3、辨析词义，以实词为主 年份 ‎2013年I卷 ‎2014年I卷 ‎2015年I卷 体裁 记叙文 议论文 记叙文 考查点 名词 ‎7题 ‎9题 ‎7题 动词 ‎7题 ‎4题 ‎6题 形容词 ‎4题 ‎4题 ‎3题 副词 ‎2题 ‎3题 ‎3题 代词 ‎1题 连词 ‎4、长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。‎ ‎ When I was wait my food in a familiar restaurant. The man had a news paper ‎38 ‎in front of him ,which he was 39 to read , but I could 40 that he was keeping an eye on me .When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other.‎ ‎38. A. flat B. open C. cut D. fixed ‎ ‎39. A. hoping B. thinking C. pretending D. continuing ‎ ‎40. A. See B. find C. guess D. learn ‎ ‎41. A. menu B. bill C. paper D. food ‎ ‎42. A. direct B. familiar C. strange D. funny ‎ ‎43. A. Chatted with B. looked at C. laughed at D. talk about ‎ 二、答题技巧 考点1 名词 中心同现是指文章首段的中心词或文章中反复出现的名词或名词词组，在设空的句子中也重复出现或与其意思相近；‎ 词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。‎ ‎1.首段首句一般都是中心句，名词是核对重点！‎ ‎2.抓住中心意思——围绕什么话题 (在文章中出现频率最多的名词)‎ ‎【跟踪练习】Then, mountain-climbing began to grow popular as a sport. To some people, there is something greatly pleasant about getting to the __1__ of a high mountain: a struggle against nature is finer than a battle against other human beings. And then , when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult __2__ ， what an excited reward ( 奖品 ) it is to be able to look down on everything within sight! At such time, you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel down below.‎ ‎1. A. foot B. spot C. top D. tip ‎ 2. A. flight B. climb C. jump D. running 考点 2 动词 注意关联、逻辑关系、上下文的前后照应。‎ 英语的语言表达中，绝大多数都存在着因果关系、结构关联。‎ 按照语法的规律及结构，词语、词组或句子常由主谓、动宾和偏正三种搭配形成语言的结构关联。‎ ‎1.找出因果关系——选出正确动词 ‎【踪踪练习一】 If you lose your passport, do report it to your local passport agency immediately. Any __1__ reporting the loss could result in your passport being used improperly, commonly known as “identity theft”. Once the loss is _2_ you can begin the replacement procedures.‎ ‎ 1. A. delay B. chance C. worry D. false ‎ 2. A. offered B. happened C. reported D. provided ‎2.结构关联——主谓、动宾、偏正关系要识记 ‎【踪踪练习二】 When I grew a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great number of pets, ______ from owls to seahorses.And I spent all my spare time exploring the countryside in search of fresh specimens to add to my collection of pets. A. collecting B. naming C. changing D. ranging ‎3.瞻前顾后——注意文章当中的前后呼应 ‎【踪踪练习三】 But one day the clouds parted in heaven and William ____the beautiful green earth below with all the people happily playing and working. He saw children climbing tress, running and jumping. It was all so beautiful.‎ A. heard B. created C. saw D. felt 考点 3 形容词 在英语语用篇章中，为了体现语言的多样性或避免重复，经常使用同义词、近义词或解释性的词语来连接上下文。英语经常会出现一些分析性语言，有些词汇或表达是围绕同一话题或同一场景出现的。这些情况，常会出现对形容词的考查。‎ ‎1.原词、近义词或同义词——在英语篇章中，同一概念或同一单词及其变形和同源单词会在上下文中不断出现。‎ ‎【跟踪练习一】Reducing the use of __1__ items means less harm.The use of items such as cleaning products produces poison that is harmful to both the environment and our health ‎1. A.poisonous B. dirty C. cheap D. strange ‎ In the US, pilots are allowed to use certain electronic devices during take-off and landing, but if passengers' various device are tested, it may lead to wrong warnings and __2__ readings on the aircraft instruments.‎ ‎2. A. clear B. right C. bad D. false ‎2. 修饰关联—— 英语的修饰关联是指词语之间的修饰或限制的关系，具体而言，即语言的得体性和习惯性。如，修饰number, population 时常用 large 或 small，而不用 many 或 little，修饰 speak 要用 loud 或 low。‎ ‎【跟踪练习二】Sunday's rainstorm, said to be the __1__ rain since 1951, caused rivers to break their banks and flood major highways, swallowing up a large number of vehicles.‎ ‎1. A. deepest B. heaviest C. loudest D. biggest You must understand that and keep a balance in your life. Here are some suggestions for you.Firstly, don't be afraid to admit that you are __2__ than perfect.Also, don't be afraid to take risks.‎ ‎ 2. A. worse B. less C. better D. much ‎ 考点 4 副词 英语篇章当中，完形填空需要经常关注表示顺序(层次)关系的词和表示归纳总结关系的词，这样有助于迅速理清文章的基本脉络。‎ ‎1.表顺序(层次)关系的词，如 firstly, secondly, finally 等。‎ ‎【跟踪练习一】She then traveled to London. At first, Isadora danced with her feet bare at garden parties and other small social gatherings.__1__ her popularity grew, and London became the first place Isadora was ever really accepted.‎ ‎ 1. A. Suddenly B. Unexpectedly C. Gradually D. Hopefully ‎2.归纳总结逻辑关系，英语篇章理解当中，经常会用一些词语来进行归纳总结。‎ ‎【跟踪练习二】Students on the way to school is regulated by school policies, which may prohibit certain activities in public—chewing gum, consuming snacks, reading books while walking—anything that might reflect __1__ on the reputation of the school. Each school has a uniform that makes its students easily recognizable to the public.‎ ‎ A. really B. badly C. well D. truly 三、技巧点拨 ‎1 . 根据首句暗示，建立正确的思维导向 高考完形填空的首句往往不设空，是一个完整的句子，通过它考生可以了解全文，判断文章的大意或主题，建立正确的思维导向，对解题非常关键。‎ ‎◆Peter and Paul had got permission from their parents to camp in a field close to their farm. But being adventurous boys,they knew it would be more ________ to camp in the woods that lay beyond the river.‎ ‎ A. suprising B. exciting C. annoying D. frightening ‎2.借助“逻辑关系”手段，推导主旨脉络 英语语篇中常见的逻辑关系有以下 7 种：平行或递进的关系；转折的关系；目的或因果的关系；层次或顺序的关系；例举的关系；解释说明的关系；归纳总结的关系。在做完形填空时，要学会分析“逻辑关系”，推导脉络与主旨。‎ ‎(1) 通常表示平行或递进关系的连接词有：and, or, also, as well (as), likewise, similarly, at the same time, both...and..., besides, furthermore, in addition (to), moreover, worse still 等。这些连接词表明上下文将出现与前面同类性质的内容，或是对前面内容的进一步阐述。‎ In London, bus ______ was withdrawn for a day and tubes and trains were cancelled. Major motorways in the country had to close. A. service B. driving C. repair supply ‎(2) 通常表示转折关系的连接词有：although, but, however, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, while, otherwise, to the opposite, yet 等。这些连接词表明下文讲述的将是相反或全新的内容或观点，需要格外注意。此时应放慢阅读速度，多留心上下文在意义上的转变。‎ The British ______ expect one or two snowfalls each year but the amount of snow rarely affects everyday life. However, this week Britain has had the worst snow it has seen in around 18 years. Some places had more than ‎30 cm in a day. A. usually B. actually C. rarely D. severely ‎(3) 通常表示目的或因果关系的连接词有：as, as a result, because (of), consequently, due to, for, now that, since, so, so...that..., such...that..., therefore, thus 等。这些连接词对帮助理解行文思路也很有效。‎ She returned to her job in Texas and began Baal Dan Charities. In Hindi, the name ______ “child donation” , because many children depend on international charity projects like BaalDan.‎ A. helps B. follows C. replaces D. means ‎(4) 通常表示层次、顺序关系的连接词有：after (that), another, before, first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), at last, finally, later on, next, then, on the other hand 等。通过它们能迅速理清文章的基本脉络。‎ Supporters claim that there are many benefits of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think...the needs of others. Students are also able to learn...working as part of a team. ______, students can explore possible careers through service learning.‎ A.Gradually B. Finally C. Luckily D. Hopefully ‎(5) 通常表示例举关系的连接词有：for example, for instance, for one thing, for another, such as 等。这些词表明下文将给出具体的例子。‎ More and more students want to study in “not” majors. As a result, many students want to give up their interests and study in these ______ such as foreign languages, international business and law, etc.‎ ‎ A. places B. rooms C. areas D. spaces ‎ ‎ ‎(6) 通常表示解释说明关系的连接词有：in other words, namely, that is ‎ 等，表明下文将对上文作进一步的解释说明。‎ Have I given my readers all of the ______ ， that is, facts, opinions, inferences—that they need in order to understand my main idea?‎ A .angles B. evidence C. information D. hints (暗示)‎ ‎(7)通常表示归纳总结的连接词有：as a result, so, briefly, in a word, in brief, in short, on the whole, to sum up 等。这些词表明下文将进行归纳或总结。‎ So ______ ， Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.‎ A. generally B. basically C. usually D. certainly ‎3. 根据词语复现，确定正确的词汇 词汇的复现关系: 指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。词汇的复现关系又可分为原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、上下义词复现和概括词复现四类。如：‎ They go to sleep in all kinds of places. Red squirrels disappear inside trees, bears use caves, frogs go deep under the mud, and many other animals dig holes in the earth. (概括和同义复现)‎ Indeed, without Einstein's theory, which was the result to many complicated mathematical calculations, there would never have been any practical application of nuclear power. (上下义词复现 )‎ At that moment, however, he felt strangely unwilling to do so. Instead of moving backward as planned, he took a step forward, and then another! (反义复现)‎ ‎(1)概括和同义复现 ‎1. It can be said that foreign __1__ that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also creates problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual...professor and his students lack background in each other's culture. A. situation B. background C. circumstances D. condition ‎2. As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong...Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously close to the ground, but to everyone's relief, it soon began to climb. The man had to_①__ over the airport several times in order to become familiar with the controls of the plane...Following ②, the man guided the plane toward the airfield.‎ ‎①. A. surround B. circle C. observe D. view ‎②. A. impressions B. information C. inspections D. instructions ‎(2)同义词、近义词复现 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students...It is the _____ responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library.‎ ‎ A. student’s B. professor’s C. assistant’s D. librarians ‎(3)反义复现 ‎1. Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn't ____ your memory; it only tightens it. ‎ ‎ A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce ‎2. There are four types of blood.________ types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race.‎ ‎ A. All B. Most C. No D. Some ‎(4)同源词复现 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading...When research is ________, the professor expects the student to take it actively and complete it with minimum guidance.‎ A. collected B. assigned C. distributed D. finished Although these wide modern roads are generally smooth and well maintained, with little sharp curves and many straight sections...others are uneven road ________ through the country.‎ A. driving B. curving C. crossing D. travelling ‎(5)上义词复现 Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a ______result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of man's other objectives.‎ A. single B. sole C. specialized D. specific Consider the everyday English ________ “Goodbye”.‎ A. expression B. statement C. proverb D. conversation ‎4.根据词语同现，选择合适的单词 同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。‎ 一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。由于单词意义的差别、所使用的环境不同，因此，所使用的上下文也不同。为了保证文章的和谐性、得体性，有必要以话题为中心，了解由相关单词组成的词汇链。‎ ‎(1) 场所同现 This is thought to be a ________ where further study is called for. A. scope B. field C. range D. district Another way to divide the study of ______ is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the latter starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act upon each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, neither branch can neglect the other. A. world B. earth C. globe D. geography ‎(2) 修饰同现 Although these wide modern roads are generally ___ and well maintained, with little sharp curves and many straight sections, a direct route is not always the most(enjoyable one).‎ A. stable B. smooth C. splendid D. complicated ‎(3) 因果同现 Furthermore, these highways generally a __1__ large urban center which means that they become crowded with __2__ traffic during rush hours.‎ ‎1. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate ‎2. A. large B. fast C. light D. heavy ‎(4) 结构同现 ‎_____ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving though the country.‎ ‎ A. All B. Lots C. Several D. Some Never ask a child ________ he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anyone else to do so. A. whether B. what C. that D. which ‎(5) 同义同现 If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either ________ a professor during office hours or make an appointment. A. greet B. attach C. approach D. annoy ‎5.根据前后语境，锁定正确选项 高考完形填空中绝大多数题要通过理解上下文语境才能选出正确答案。有的根据上文，有的根据下文，有的要上下文结合考虑，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。‎ One afternoon, I was out exploring...and saw a new kind of cactus (仙人掌).I crouched ( 蹲 ) down for a closer look.“You'd better not ________ that.”‎ I turned around to see an old woman ‎…‎ ‎“Would you like to come to my home tomorrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldn't touch.” A. break B. pick C. pull D. touch ‎ 四、注意事项 ‎1.尽可能多地积累和接触不同的新词汇以及由考纲词汇所派生出来的新词，有意识地记忆常考高频词。‎ ‎2.熟悉各种文体的特点，提高语篇逻辑推理能力。务必熟悉三大文体的写作特点及这些文章的逻辑关系。‎ ‎3.训练题型不要过于单一，除了常规训练外，可以尝试选词填空、无词猜词和篇章翻译等题型的训练。‎ ‎4.选择性做题，可以分类选择。选择记叙文、议论文、 说明文等有代表性的做几篇，或选择做 2011—2015 年的高考真题。‎ ‎5.要有规律地做题，题不在多而在精。每做一篇都要善于对比自己的思路和文章作者的思路，每做一篇都要总结自己失分的原因，并在下次做题时提醒自己不要再犯。‎