高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题1单项填空第9讲动词和动词短语讲练

高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题1单项填空第9讲动词和动词短语讲练

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 第九讲 动词和动词短语 1．(2016·江苏高考，25)He did not ________ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause. A．approach B．wrestle C．compromise D．communicate C [考查语境选词。句意：他不会轻易妥协(compromise)，但乐意接受对一项崇高事业 的任何建设性意见。C 项 compromise 意为“妥协”，符合语境。approach 接近，靠近；wrestle 摔跤，扭打；communicate 沟通，交流。] 【导学号：57732016】 2．(2016·江苏高考，30)Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. A．fallen off B．taken off C．turned off D．left off B [考查“动词＋off”型短语意义辨析。句意：多亏了良好的创业环境，许多大学生 的创业项目已经成功(take off)了。take off 意为“开始成功”，符合语境。fall off 脱 落；turn off 关掉；leave off 停止。] 3．(2016·江苏高考，33)Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams. A．gain admission to B．keep track of C．take advantage of D．give rise to C [考查语境选词。句意：父母应该积极地督促孩子利用(take advantage of)加入体 育队的机会。C 项 take advantage of 意为“利用”，符合语境。gain admission to 进入； keep track of 记录与……保持联系；give rise to 使发生。] 4．(2015·江苏高考，22)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ______ to their greatest potential. A．accelerate B．improve C．perform D．develop D [本题考查语境选词。句意：学校应该是充满活力的地方，在这里人人都会被鼓励去 开发(develop)他们最大的潜力。accelerate 加速；improve 改进；perform 表现；develop 开发，培养。] 5．(2015·江苏高考，27)The university started some new language programs to 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 ________ the country's Silk Road Economic Belt. A．apply to B．cater for C．appeal to D．hunt for B [本题考查语境选词。句意：这所大学为了________国家的“丝绸之路经济带”战略， 开设了一些新的语言项目。apply to 申请；cater for 迎合，满足；appeal to 吸引，呼吁； hunt for 寻找。started some new language programs 的目的是“满足(cater for)”the country's Silk Road Economic Belt，故选 B 项。] 6．(2015·江苏高考，29)The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down. A．wait on B．focus on C．count on D．call on C [本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：整个球队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多(C 罗)，而他也很少让他们失望。wait on 等待；focus on 全神贯注于；count on 指望，依靠； call on 号召，拜访。根据 he seldom lets them down(他很少让他们失望)判断，整个球队 都指望(count on)C 罗，故选 C 项。] 7．(2014·江苏高考，25)Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies. A．chased B．registered C．offered D．compensated A [本题考查语境选词。句意：大学的优秀毕业生被各大公司________。chase 追逐， 追求；register 登记，注册；offer 提供；compensate 补偿，赔偿。大学的优秀毕业生(top graduates)显然是各大公司竞相追逐(chase)的目标。] 8．(2014·江苏高考，30)—Dad，I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. —I see.I'll go right away and ________． A．pay him back B．pay him off C．put him away D．put him off B [本题考查 pay 和 put 短语意义辨析。句意：“爸爸，我认为奥利弗不是做这份工作 的合适人选。”“我明白了。我马上去________。”pay back 偿还，报答；pay off 带来好 结果，得到回报，还清(债务)，结清工资并解雇(某人)；put away 把……收起来，放好； put off 推迟，延迟。由题干关键信息“Oliver 并不是做这份工作的合适人选可知，要给他 结清工资并解雇他(pay him off)”。故选 B。] 9．(2014·江苏高考，33)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 A．remember B．remind C．recover D．recall D [本题考查语境选词。句意：传说端午节的起源是为了________屈原的灵魂。remember 记住；remind 提醒，使……回想起，可构成固定搭配 remind sb.of sth.；recover 使恢复， 重新找回(丢失或被偷的东西)；recall 召回(to tell sb.to come back)，回想起。人们最 初过端午节是为了召回屈原的灵魂(recall the soul of Qu Yuan)，故选 D 项。] 10．(2016·天津高考，8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ______ her opinion on the subject. A．gave voice to B．kept an eye on C．turned a deaf ear to D．set foot on A [考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默，但最终还是提出了对 这一话题的看法(give voice to...)。A 项 gave voice to 意为“表达对……的想法”，符 合语境。keep an eye on 照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to 对……充耳不闻；set foot on 进入，参观。] 11．(2016·天津高考，12)I'm going to ________ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. A．put B．make C．take D．give C [考查固定搭配。句意：我打算利用(take advantage of)这次观光机会来探究这座 城堡的历史。take advantage of 是固定搭配，意为“利用”，符合语境，故选 C 项。] 12．(2016·天津高考，14)I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to ________ a conversation with her. A．carry on B．break into C．turn down D．cut off A [考查短语意义辨析。句意：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙，没时间与 她进行谈话(carry on a conversation)。A 项 carry on 意为“进行，继续”，符合语境。 break into 打断，闯入；turn down 调低，拒绝；cut off 停止，中断。] 13．(2016·浙江高考，8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than ________ us. A．divide B．reject C．control D．abandon A [考查语境选词。句意：当我们学会求同存异，而非对立分歧(divide us)时，我们 会收获颇多。由语境可知该空要填 unite 的反义词 divide。reject 拒绝；control 控制； abandon 抛弃。知道下面这句谚语更有助于解答该题：United we stand，divided we fall. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 团结则存，分裂则亡。] 14．(2016·浙江高考，12)When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt ______ from the world. A．carried away B．broken down C．cut off D．brought up C [考查语境选词。句意：当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人就感觉是与世隔绝了 (cut off from the world)。cut off 意为“隔绝”，符合语境。carry away 带走；break down 出故障；bring up 抚养。] 15．(2016·浙江高考，14)When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest. A．limited B．reserved C．reflected D．spoiled C [考查语境选词。句意：当面临做选课的最终决定时，我决定申请反映(reflect)我 兴趣的那门课。reflect 意为“反映，体现”，符合语境。limit 限制；reserve 预订，保 留；spoil 毁掉。] 一、常考的形近动词 (1) translate, transport, transplant, transform (2) conserve, preserve, reserve (3) commit, submit, permit, admit (4) inspect, expect, respect, suspect (5) resist, persist, insist, assist, consist (6) rise, arise, raise, arouse (7) explode, explore, export (8) require, acquire, inquire, inspire (9) contribute, distribute (10) aboard, abroad, board 二、常考意近动词 (1) win, defeat, beat, gain (2) fit, suit, match 三、常考的动词短语 1．break 短语 break away from 脱离；放弃；break down 损坏；(化学)分解；(汽车)抛锚；垮掉；break 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 in 闯入，强行进入；插嘴，打断；break into 闯入；打断，突然……起来；break off 打 断；折断；break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发；break up(物理)分解；粉碎，破碎； 结束；散开，解散 2．bring 短语 bring about 引起，导致；bring back 把……送回，归还；使回忆起；bring down 使 倒下，降低；bring in 引进；挣得；bring out 使罢工，阐明，出版；bring up 教育，培 养 3．come 短语 come about 发生，产生；come across(偶然)遇见(或发现)；come off 从……离开，脱 落；come on 来吧，赶快；come out 出来；(书)出版；come to 共计，达到；come up with 追上，赶上；想出(主意)；找出(答案) 4．get 短语 get across 被理解；get along/on with 进展；与……和睦相处；get down 下来；记 下；get down to 开始认真干；get off 出发；下车；get through 通过；打通(电话)；用 完，耗尽 5．give 短语 give away 泄露；颁发；赠送；give back 归还；使恢复；give in 屈服；呈交；give off 发出，放出(气味、光、热等)；give out 用尽，耗尽；分发；公布；发出(光、热等)；give up 放弃 6．hold 短语 hold back 隐瞒；阻碍；控制(情感)；hold out 伸出；坚持，维持；hold up 阻挡，使 停顿；支撑得住；hold on 等着；别挂断；坚持住；hold on to 保留；抓住不放 7．make 短语 make sense 有意义，讲得通；make it 及时到达；成功；make up 编造；化妆；组成， 构成；和好；make up for 补偿，弥补；make room for 让地方；make use of 利用；make way for 为……开路，让路；make up one's mind 打定主意，决定 8．put 短语 put aside 放在一边；put away 收起来放好；储蓄；put back 放回原处；推迟；put down 放下；镇压；记下；put forward 提出(计划、建议等)；提前；put off 延期，推迟；put out 扑灭；生产；公布；put through 接通电话；put up 提出；建造；举起；张贴，公布；留宿， 过夜；put up with 容忍 9．set 短语 set about 着手干；开始做；set aside 暂时不考虑；把……放到一旁；省出，留出； set off 动身；引爆；引起，激发；set out 开始；动身；陈述，阐明 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 10．take 短语 take charge of 负责，掌管；take in 吸收；欺骗；take off(飞机)起飞；脱下；休假； 迅速流行；(事业)腾飞；take on 呈现；雇用；承担(责任)；take over 接管，接任；take the place of 代替；take up 从事；拿起；占据(时间或空间) 11．turn 短语 turn away 转身，走开；turn down 拒绝；调小；turn off 关掉；turn on 打开；turn out 结果；证明是；关掉；生产，制造；turn over 打翻；仔细思量；移交；turn to 求助于； 翻到，转到；turn up 调大；出现 12．其他常考的动词短语 account for 解释，说明；answer for 对……负责，担保……；attend to 处理，对待， 照料；care about 关心，在意，担忧；check in(在旅馆、机场等)登记，报到；check out 结账离开；consist of 包括，由……组成；contribute to 有助于，导致；deal/do with 对付，处理，涉及，论述；figure out 想清楚，弄明白，算出；focus on/upon 集中(精神、 注意力)于……；glance at 匆匆一瞥；glare at 怒视；head for 朝……行进；insist on 坚持要求；object to 反对；point out 指出；reach out for 伸手去够；refer to 提到， 指的是，查阅；meet with 偶遇；rely on/upon 指望，信赖；result from 因……而产生， 是……造成的；result in 结果是，导致；see to 照看，处理，负责；show off 炫耀；stick to 坚持，不放弃；speed up 加快速度；suffer from 因……而受苦；use up 耗尽，用尽； watch out 警惕，注意；watch over 留心，注意；wear out 耗尽，使筋疲力尽 1．(2016·南京调研)The stories are mirror images of places in my mind, where reality________fantasy. A．respects B．represents C．meets D．marks C [考查动词。句意：故事就是我脑海里现实遇到(meet)想象的体现。meet 意为“相 遇，遇见，遭遇”；respect 意为“尊重，尊敬”；represent 意为“代表，象征”；mark 意为“做记号，留下痕迹；纪念”。] 2．(2016·南京调研)He was trying to write, but the continuous noise outside his window________him________． A．put; off B．dropped; off C．drew; out D．let; out A [考查动词短语。句意：他正在试图写作，但是窗外的连续不断的嘈杂声使他分神。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 put sb.off 意为“打扰某人，使某人分神；使某人反感，疏远，不信任；使某人失去兴趣 或热情”；drop sb.off 意为“让某人下车”；draw sb.out 意为“使某人畅所欲言”；let sb.out 意为“使某人解脱”。] 3．(2016·盐城第一学期期中考试)A grandmother in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, who has________pole－dancing is living proof that life doesn't have to gradually stop when you're old. A．taken to B．taken on C．taken in D．taken up D [考查动词短语。句意：当你老了人生未必会逐渐停止，四川成都的一位开始跳钢管 舞的老奶奶就是活生生的证明。take up 意为“开始从事；学着做，开始做(尤指消遣)；占 据，占用”；take to 意为“开始喜欢，产生好感；沉溺于，习惯于”；take on 意为“呈 现；雇佣；承担，决定做”；take in 意为“吸收，摄入；欺骗，愚弄；留宿，收留；理解， 领会；改小，改瘦；包括，包含”。] 4 ． (2016· 盐 城 第 一学 期 期 中 考 试)A great part of the information I have was________by looking up something and finding something else on the way. A．requested B．acquired C．exchanged D．presented B [考查动词。句意：我的大部分知识都是这样获得的：在寻找某个资料时意外地发现 了另外的资料。acquire 意为“获得，得到”；request 意为“要求，请求”；exchange 意 为“交换，兑换”；present 意为“颁发，授予；呈现，展示，陈述”。] 5．(2016·泰州二模)There is no doubt that if the students' interest in the subject is aroused, they will________the challenge and commit more of their time and energies to their studies. A．face up to B．keep pace with C．put up with D．live up to A [句意：毫无疑问如果学生对这门学科的兴趣被激发，他们将敢于面对挑战并投入更 多的时间和精力到他们的学习中。face up to 敢于面对，敢于正视；keep pace with 与…… 步调一致；put up with 忍受；live up to 不辜负。根据句意，选 A 项。] 6 ． The Chinese garden architectures are characterized by ________ the environment so that the natural scenes and human interests could be joined together. A．catching up on B．holding on to C．taking advantage of D．appealing to C [考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国园林建筑具有利用环境的特征，这样自然风景和人 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 类的兴趣可以很好地融合在一起。catch up on 意为“补上”；hold on to 意为“紧紧抓住”； take advantage of 意为“利用”；appeal to 意为“吸引”。故选 C。] 7．(2016·泰州二模)It's obvious that getting these historic sites recognized by the world is helpful for preserving and repairing them, as it________their importance and value. A．associates B．symbolizes C．stresses D．abolishes C [句意：很明显让那些历史遗址得到世界的认可对保护和修缮它们是有帮助的，因为 这强调了它们的重要性和价值。associate 联系；symbolize 象征；abolish 废除。stress 强调，stress one's importance 强调……的重要性，符合题意，故选 C 项。] 【导学号：57732017】 8．(2016·南京、盐城二模)—Do you know the story of Niulang and Zhinv? —Of course.Their love story was________as an example for hundreds of years in China. A．taken up B．kept up C．picked up D．held up D [句意：——你知道牛郎织女的故事吗？——当然。几百年来他们的爱情故事在中国 被当作榜样。take up 开始从事，占据；keep up 持续不变，居高不下；pick up 抬起，拿 起，(开车)接人。hold up 举出(例子)，提出(作为榜样)，be held up as an example 被当 作例子，符合题意，故选 D 项。] 9．(2016·苏锡常镇一模)Though the College Entrance Exam is drawing near, study shouldn't take up all of your time.It's important to________some time for relaxation and hobbies as well. A．put away B．set aside C．lay down D．take off B [句意：尽管高考越来越近了，但是学习不应该占据你所有的时间。留出一些时间放 松一下，并且留出时间给自己的爱好也是重要的。put away 收起来，放好；lay down 放下； take off 脱下，起飞。set aside 留出，把……放到一边，set aside some time 留出一些 时间，符合语境，故选 B 项。] 10 ． (2016· 扬 州 一 模 )It is said that the municipal government plans to________fireworks in celebration of the 2，500th Yangzhou City Anniversary. A．set off B．set out C．set up D．set about A [句意：据说市政府计划燃放烟花来庆祝扬州建城 2 500 周年。set out 出发，动身； 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 set up 设立，建立；set about 开始做，都不能和 fireworks 搭配。set off fireworks 燃 放烟花，符合题意，故选 A 项。] 11．(2016·南京、盐城一模)You are not________to unemployment benefit if you have never worked. A．accustomed B．resigned C．entitled D．submitted C [句意：如果你从来没有工作过的话，就没有资格享受失业救济金。accustom 使习 惯；resign 辞职；submit 屈服，投降。entitle 使符合资格，entitle sb.to sth.使某人 有……的资格或权利，符合语境，故选 C 项。] 12．(2016·无锡一模)—Is there any hope of saving his life? —His injuries are extremely serious but he's expected to________． A．pull in B．pull out C．pull up D．pull through D [句意：——还有希望救活他吗？——他伤得特别重，但是有望恢复。pull in(车辆) 进站停靠；pull out(车辆)驶出；pull up 停车，停止。pull through(大病后)康复，痊愈， 符合题意，故选 D 项。] 13．(2016·南通、连云港二模)By applying the theory to the problem，we can brush away the details and________simple patterns. A．release B．reject C．reveal D．replace C [句意：通过把这个理论应用于这个问题，我们能够去除细节，使简单的模式显现出 来。release 释放，发布；reject 拒绝，排斥；replace 代替。reveal 显示，揭示，符合题 意，故选 C 项。] 14．(2016·南京、盐城二模)It might have________your notice, but I am very busy at the moment. A．quit B．neglected C．escaped D．denied C [句意：你可能没有注意到，但是我这会儿很忙。quit 停止，戒掉；neglect 忽视； deny 否认，拒绝承认。escape 逃过，被忘掉，被忽视，escape sb.'s attention/notice 未被某人注意到，被某人忽视，符合题意，故选 C 项。] 15．(2016·南京、盐城二模)The frozen waterfall has attracted floods of tourists to________the natural beauty. A．cherish B．admire C．observe D．discover 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 B [句意：结冰的瀑布吸引了大量的游客来欣赏这处自然美景。cherish 珍爱，爱护； observe 观察，遵守；discover 发现，与 the natural beauty 搭配都不符合本题语境。admire 钦佩，欣赏，admire the natural beauty 欣赏这处自然美景，符合题意，故选 B 项。] 16 ． (2016· 江 苏 百 校 联 考 )Death toll from Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines________3，637, after the strongest storm this year destroyed the central part of the country on Nov.8, 2013. A．rose to B．arose from C．rose from D．raised to A [句意：今年最强的台风“海燕”在 2013 年 11 月 8 日破坏了菲律宾的中部之后，台 风“海燕”在菲律宾造成的死亡人数上升到了 3 637 人。rise to 上升到……，后面可以接 数词；arise from 由……引起；rise from 从……升起；raise 是及物动词，后应接宾语。 故选 A 项。] 17．(2016·南通第二次调研)Judging the voice not by appearance but by the voice itself makes the TV show________from numerous amusement programs. A．hold out B．stand out C．stretch out D．turn out B [句意：根据声音本身而不是根据长相来判断(歌手的)声音，使得这个电视节目在大 量的娱乐节目中脱颖而出。hold out 伸出，坚持；stretch out 伸出，伸直四肢；turn out 最终是，结果是。stand out 突出，杰出，符合题意，故选 B 项。] 18 ． (2016· 苏 北 四 市 一 模 )In the literature class, our teacher asked us to________all the words in the poem that suggest homesickness. A．hold out B．pick out C．put out D．give out B [句意：在文学课上，老师要求我们挑出诗中所有暗示思乡的词汇。hold out 伸出， 维持；put out 扑灭；give out 散发，用完。pick out 挑出，选出，符合语境，故选 B 项。] 19．(2016·南京三模)From the moment when babies are born, parents are helping them to be released into the world, not to________them or to control their lives for the rest of life. A．hold on to B．put up with C．give in to D．break up with A [句意：自从孩子一出生，父母就一直在帮助他们融入这个世界，而不是紧紧抓住他 们，或是控制他们以后的生活。put up with 忍受；give in to 屈服于；break up with 与…… 分手。前面提到 released“释放”，空格处应该与之意思相反，另外根据 control“控制”， 可知空格处应该与之意义相同或相近，用 hold on to“紧紧抓住”，符合题意。故选 A 项。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 20．(2016·徐州三模)The writer revealed that the story was________by real life events，though the characters were fictional. A．inspired B．encouraged C．motivated D．promoted A [句意：作者透露说这个故事的灵感来自真实的生活事件，尽管人物是虚构的。 encourage 鼓励；motivate 刺激，使有动机；promote 促进，推销。inspire 激发，使产生 灵感，be inspired by 受……的启发，符合题意。故选 A 项。]