2020届二轮复习书面表达写作技巧之十二：如何使名词更能出众脱俗

2020届二轮复习书面表达写作技巧之十二：如何使名词更能出众脱俗

‎2020届二轮复习书面表达写作技巧之十二：如何使名词更能出众脱俗 名词属于实词，名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称，名词同时也分为专有名词和普通名词。名词用得好更能出众脱俗，让阅卷老师眼前一亮。‎ 名词的种类：‎ 普通名词 专有名词 可数名词 不可数名词 专门指代某一人、物、地点等的名词 个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 ‎ ‎[典题1]　(一般词)Now we have a chance to develop a greater understanding of each other.‎ ‎(高级词)Now we have an opportunity to develop a greater understanding of each other.‎ 现在我们有一个好机会，可以大大增进对彼此的了解。‎ ‎[典题2]　(一般词)There are four basic choices; they are described briefly below.‎ ‎(高级词)There are four basic alternatives; they are described briefly below.‎ 有四个基本的选择，简述如下。‎ 高中阶段常见的名词及名词短语类写作高级词汇 ‎①机会 chance→opportunity ‎②选择 choice→alternative ‎③课程 course→curriculum ‎④影响 effect→influence/impact ‎⑤后果 result→consequence ‎⑥缺点 shortcoming→drawback ‎⑦方法way→approach ‎⑧职业career→profession ‎⑨建议advice→guidance ‎⑩老人old people→the old/the elderly/the aged/senior citizens ‎⑪青少年young people→youngsters/youths/adolescents ‎⑫几天前a few days ago→the other day ‎⑬一个表现好的孩子a child who behaves in a proper way→a wellbehaved child ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 先用所给的词补全句子，然后对该词进行升级 ‎1．因此，我没有足够的时间去锻炼。‎ As_a_result,_I don't have enough time to take exercise.(result)‎ ‎→As_a_consequence,_I don't have enough time to take exercise.‎ ‎2．所有学校都设有音乐和舞蹈课。‎ All the schools have music and dancing classes as_parts_of_the_course.(course)‎ ‎→All the schools have music and dancing classes as_parts_of_the_curriculum.‎ ‎3．他们称他们期望这次会议会对国家的未来产生显著影响。‎ They say they expect the meeting to have a marked effect on the future of the country.(effect)‎ ‎→They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact/influence on the future of the country.‎ ‎4．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)最重要的是，老人通常是最先品尝桌上食物的人，因为他们在中国受到很好的尊重。‎ Most importantly, old_people_are_usually_the_first_to_taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.(old people)‎ ‎→Most importantly, the old/the elderly/the aged/senior citizens are usually the first to taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.‎ ‎5．(2018•天津高考书面表达)因此，我认为这不仅是你展示自己才华的黄金机会，同时也可以为我们提供建议。‎ Therefore, I think not only will it be a golden chance for you to you’re your great talent, but also you can offer us advice.(chance, advice)‎ ‎→Therefore, I think not only will it be a golden opportunity for you to ‎ you’re your great talent, but also you can offer us guidance.‎ ‎6．在这类职业中，只有20%的岗位是由女性担任的。‎ Only_20_percent_of_jobs_in_the_careers are held by women.(career)‎ ‎→Only_20_percent_of_jobs_in_the_professions are held by women.‎ ‎7．激励这些年轻人的不是对成就的渴望，而是对失败的恐惧。‎ These_young_people_are_motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure.(young people)‎ ‎→These_youngsters/youths/adolescents_are_motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure.‎ ‎8．我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。‎ We will be exploring different_ways_to_gather_information.(way)‎ ‎→We will be exploring different_approaches_to_gathering_information.‎ 扮亮词汇二　炫酷亮闪你的眼——动词(短语)‎ 动词根据其后是否能跟宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。‎ ‎[典题1]　(一般词)He likes playing football, which is his favourite.‎ ‎(高级词)He is fond of playing football, which is his favourite.‎ 他喜欢踢足球，这是他最喜欢的运动。‎ ‎[典题2]　(一般词)As for me, I believe that the number of tourists should be limited for the following reasons.‎ ‎(高级词)As for me, I'm firmly convinced that the number of tourists should be limited for the following reasons.‎ 就我而言，我坚定地认为游客的数量应得到限制，理由如下。‎ 高中阶段常见的动词及动词短语类写作高级词汇 ‎①看见see→catch sight of ‎②遇见meet→come across ‎③引起cause→lead to/result in/give rise to ‎④拥有have→possess ‎⑤提高develop/improve→promote ‎⑥替代replace→substitute ‎⑦面对face→be faced with ‎⑧容忍bear→put up with ‎⑨处理do with→deal with/cope with ‎⑩决定decide→determine/make up one's mind ‎⑪考虑consider→take into account/consideration ‎⑫应该should→be supposed to ‎⑬理解understand→make sense of/figure out ‎⑭使用use→employ/make use of/take advantage of ‎⑮道歉apologize→make an apology ‎⑯记住remember→keep in mind ‎⑰发生happen→occur/come about ‎⑱想起think of→occur to/come up with ‎⑲感谢thank→appreciate ‎⑳帮助某人help sb.→do sb.a favor ‎○21节省save→set aside ‎○22参观visit→tour/pay a visit to ‎○23分发hand out→distribute ‎○24站起来stand up→get to one's feet ‎○25习惯于be used to→be accustomed to ‎○26一定be sure to→be bound to ‎○27为……做准备prepare for→make preparations for/be prepared for ‎○28反对be against→object to ‎○29厌烦be bored with→be fed up with/be tired of ‎○30忙于be busy in (with)→be occupied in (with)/be buried in/be engaged in ‎○31闻名be famous for→have a reputation for ‎○32感到舒服feel comfortable→feel at ease ‎○33美化学校make the school beautiful→beautify the school ‎○34置若罔闻refuse to listen to→turn a deaf ear to ‎○35成功做某事succeed in doing sth.→make it ‎○36想做某事want to do sth.→seek/intend/desire to do sth.‎ ‎○37照看look after→attend to ‎○38尽力做某事try one's best to do sth.→spare no effort to do sth.‎ ‎○39向某人寻求帮助ask someone for help→turn to sb.for help ‎○40我认为I think→in my opinion/as far as I'm concerned ‎[专题过关训练]‎ Ⅰ.选用方框中的短语替换下列句中加彩部分 put up with， consist of， be devoted to， make use of， fix one's eyes upon ‎1．The little boy looked at the picture on the wall.fixed_his_eyes_upon ‎2．The small group has six people.consists_of ‎3．She was afraid she couldn't bear the pain.put_up_with ‎4．All his life was given to the Party's educational cause.was_devoted_to ‎5．We will use her vast experience.make_use_of Ⅱ.请用高级词汇替换下列句中加彩部分 ‎1．(2018•6月浙江高考写作)I will be grateful if you could offer me the opportunity.give_me_a_kind_consideration ‎2．(2016•北京高考书面表达)Our class thought of the idea to make better use of used materials.came_up_with ‎3．(2015•湖南高考书面表达)At the same time, I decided to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.made_up_my_mind ‎4．We'll try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us.promote ‎5．Would you please help me to turn down the radio？do_me_a_favor ‎6．Developing very quickly, the Internet causes the breakdown of facetoface communication.gives_rise_to ‎7．When you are bored with the people sometimes, you'd better find a quiet place, listening to some classical music.fed_up_with ‎8．So far as I know, everyone of them wants to be a model student.intends_to Ⅲ.用所给动词的高级词汇补全句子 ‎1．几天前我在你的店铺买了一部手机。‎ I purchased_a_cellphone_at_your_store the other day.(buy)‎ ‎2．更糟的是，暴力电子游戏可能导致进攻性行为，这比暴力电影更有害。‎ What's worse, violent video games can_lead_to/result_in_aggressive_behaviours,_which is more harmful than violent movies.(cause)‎ ‎3．所有的游客都被要求不能在公园内乱扔垃圾。‎ All the visitors were_requested_not_to_throw_litter_about in the park.(ask)‎ ‎4．或许我们能想到解决这个问题的更好的办法。‎ Maybe we can_come_up_with_a_better_solution_to_the_problem.(think of)‎ ‎5．我们将全力以赴赶超发达的工业国家。‎ We'll_spare_no_effort_to_catch_up_with the developed industrial countries.(try one's best)‎ ‎6．我们应该尝试彻底解决这个问题。‎ We should_make_an_attempt/attempt_to_thoroughly_solve_this_problem.(try)‎ 扮亮词汇三　浓妆淡抹总相宜——形容词(短语)‎ 形容词是很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种开放性词类。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词。‎ ‎[典题1]　(一般词)Sports are helpful to building our bodies.‎ ‎(高级词)Sports are beneficial to building our bodies.‎ 体育运动有益于增强我们的体质。‎ ‎[典题2]　(一般词)He is an excellent scientist, who has made a great contribution to our country.‎ ‎(高级词)He is an outstanding scientist, who has made a great contribution to our country.‎ 他是一位杰出的科学家，对我们国家做出了巨大贡献。‎ 高中阶段常见的形容词及形容词短语类写作高级词汇 ‎①令人惊奇的surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking ‎②贫穷的poor→needy/povertystricken ‎③优秀的excellent→outstanding ‎④明显的obvious→apparent/evident ‎⑤常见的common→universal ‎⑥充足的enough→adequate ‎⑦勤奋的hardworking→diligent ‎⑧可用的useable→available ‎⑨困难的difficult→challenging ‎⑩坚强的strong→tough ‎⑪重要的important→vital/significant ‎⑫不可能的impossible→out of the question ‎⑬有趣的interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing ‎⑭小心谨慎的careful→cautious ‎⑮幸运的lucky→fortunate ‎⑯巨大的large→enormous ‎⑰合适的proper→appropriate ‎⑱丰富的rich→abundant ‎⑲古老的old→ancient ‎⑳唯一的only→unique ‎○21全部的whole→entire ‎○22富裕的rich→wealthy ‎○23有意义的meaningful→rewarding ‎○24许多的many→a large quantity of ‎○25有吸引力的attractive→appealing ‎○26有空的free→available ‎○27有益处的be useful→be of benefit ‎○28不同种类的different/kinds of→a variety of/various ‎○29高兴的glad→delighted ‎○30激动的excited→thrilled ‎[专题过关训练]‎ Ⅰ.请用高级词汇替换下列句中加彩部分 ‎1．(2018•天津高考书面表达)The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in various activities, such as participating in some national competitions.a_variety_of ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am very glad to know you are interested in Tang poems.more_than_delighted ‎3．(2016•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I should be free any time after school next week.available ‎4．In the coming three years, our school life will be difficult.challenging ‎5．Developing a good habit is also very important.of_great_importance/significance ‎6．I was excited when I heard the good news.thrilled ‎ ‎7．She is energetic, clever and lively.intelligent ‎8．To our great glad, not only are our classes lively and attractive, but our school life is also rich and colorful.delighted,_appealing,_abundant Ⅱ.用所给形容词的高级词汇补全句子 ‎1．我的同桌是一个动人的、文雅的女孩。‎ My deskmate is a_charming/attractive_and_elegant_girl.(beautiful)‎ ‎2．我的薪水不够维持一家的生活。‎ My salary is_not_adequate_to_support_my_family.(enough)‎ ‎3．改变这种情形需要每个人付出很大的努力。‎ Changing this situation requires_enormous_effort on the part of everyone.(large)‎ ‎4．她是一位辛勤的老师，她工作非常勤奋。‎ She is a_diligent_teacher and she is_diligent_in_her_work.(hardworking)‎ ‎5．所获得的经验对我们有很大价值。‎ The experience gained will_be_of_great_value_to_us.(valuable)‎ ‎6．我的手机非常有用。‎ My mobile phone is_of_great_benefit.(useful)‎ ‎7．由于夜里休息不好，课堂上我总是感到筋疲力尽。‎ Not sleeping well, I always feel_exhausted in class.(tired)‎ ‎8．学好英语对你未来就业至关重要。‎ Learning English well is_significant/vital_to_your_future_employment.(important)‎