中考语法非谓语动词讲解及练习

中考语法非谓语动词讲解及练习

非谓语动词 ‎ 构成：（to）+动词原形 ‎ 动词不定式 非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）‎ 谓 构成：V.-ing ‎ 语 动名词 动 用法（主、宾、表、定）‎ 词 ‎ ‎ 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化）‎ ‎ 分词 ‎ 用法（表、补、定、状）‎ ‎（一）动名词 一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 ‎ 二、动名词的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.‎ 吃得太多对你的健康有害。‎ 谓语动词用单数形式。‎ 宾语 动词宾语 ‎ 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。‎ Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。‎ 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。‎ 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps.‎ ‎=Collecting stamps is his hobby.‎ 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。‎ 定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。‎ We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。‎ 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。‎ 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。‎ 我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。‎ ‎ 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）‎ ‎ 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）‎ ‎ 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）‎ 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）‎ ‎（二）动词不定式 一、 动词不定时的构成 不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。‎ 二、 动词不定式的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。‎ 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。‎ 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。‎ 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。‎ 宾语 ‎—What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？‎ ‎—He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。‎ 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。‎ 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. ‎ 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。‎ 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。‎ 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？‎ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。‎ 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。‎ I went to the library to study English.（表目的）‎ 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。‎ 1. ‎ 不定式作主语 ‎ 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式 如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.‎ ‎ It’s important for us to protect the environment.‎ ‎ 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：‎ ‎ It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。‎ ‎ It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。‎ 2. ‎ 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： ‎ ‎ would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如：‎ ‎ Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？‎ ‎ ② 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：‎ ‎ I find it easy to read English every day. ‎ ‎ ③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,‎ ‎ could/would/will you please（not）do...‎ I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。‎ 1. ‎ 不定式作宾语补足语 ‎ 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：‎ ‎ Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。‎ ‎ tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：‎ ‎ My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。‎ ‎ 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：‎ 一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： ‎ My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。‎ 2. ‎ 不定式作定语 ‎ ①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ ‎ ②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。‎ ‎ There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。‎ 3. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：‎ ‎ The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。‎ He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。‎ 实战演练（一）‎ ‎ 1. I’m thirsty. Will you get me something ____?‎ ‎ A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating ‎2. It was great fun _____ a picnic on the hill.‎ ‎ A. to have B. of having C. have D. had ‎3. It’s bad for your eyes ____ computer games for a long time.‎ ‎ A. plays B. to play C. play D. played ‎4. ----Do you often hear John ____ in his room?‎ ‎ ----Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him ____ in his room.‎ ‎ A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing ‎5. Why not ____?‎ ‎ A. let him to go home B. to let him go home ‎ C. let him go home D. to let him to go home ‎6. They were made ____ fourteen hours a day.‎ ‎ A. work B. working C. worked D. to work ‎7. Is it always easier ____ friends than to keep them?‎ ‎ A. making B. make C. to make D. made ‎8. It ____ Jack twenty minutes ____ the math problem yesterday.‎ ‎ A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out ‎ C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out ‎9. When you leave, don’t forget ____ off the light.‎ ‎ A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned ‎10. Who do you think you’d like ____?‎ ‎ A. to make friends B. make friends ‎ C. to make friends with D. make friends with ‎11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries ____ it too often.‎ ‎ A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat ‎12. ----Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?‎ ‎ ----This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework ____ this Sunday.‎ ‎ A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done ‎13. Sally had no pen ____ yesterday morning.‎ ‎ A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with ‎14. John asked David how ____ Christmas.‎ ‎ A. celebrating B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebrate ‎15. We all considered Mr Zhao ____ teacher.‎ ‎ A. be the best B. to be the best C. being best D. being the best ‎16. It’s very kind ____ you to ____ me ____ the heavy bag.‎ ‎ A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry ‎17. Have you decided ____?‎ ‎ A. to go with whom B. whom to go with ‎ C. whom go with D. with whom to go ‎18. Her hope ____ a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.‎ ‎ A. to win B. is to win C. winning D. will win ‎19. The meeting room is big enough ____ one hundred people.‎ ‎ A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds ‎20. Would you please pass me the knife ____?‎ ‎ A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelon ‎ C. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with ‎21. It is better to teach a man to fish than ____ him fish.‎ ‎ A. giving B. to give C. gives D. gave ‎22. The policeman warned the young man____ after drinking.‎ ‎ A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive ‎23. What do you think is the best way ____the wild animals?‎ ‎ A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. protect ‎24. I’d rather ____ on the land ____ in a factory.‎ ‎ A. work; than work B. work; work ‎ C. to work; than to work D. to work; to work ‎25. My grandfather is used ____ a hat in winter.‎ ‎ A. to wear B. for wearing C. wearing D. to wearing ‎26. I’m sorry ____ you enough help.‎ ‎ A. have given B. of not giving C. not to have given D. to have given ‎27. Some students from Grade 9 ____ do some ____ for the old.‎ ‎ A. volunteered to; clean B. volunteered; cleaning ‎ C. volunteered to; cleaning D. volunteered; clean ‎28. The young man was often seen ____ by the lake.‎ ‎ A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew ‎29. Tom is ____ to make a living by himself.‎ ‎ A. very old B. too young C. too big D. too strong ‎30. I find ____ him all about it.‎ ‎ A. necessary to tell B. that necessary to ‎ C. necessary it to tell D. it necessary to tell ‎31. The old man seems ____ in a great hurry.‎ ‎ A. be B. to be C. being D. to being ‎32. I ____ the same neighborhood with the lovely girl.‎ ‎ A. happened living in B. happened to live in ‎ ‎ C. was happening living in D. was happening to live ‎33. It’s time for supper now. Let’s ______ it.‎ ‎ A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having ‎34. You are not expected ____ such long hours.‎ ‎ A. to work B. working C. worked D. work ‎ ‎35. His father agreed ____ $ 4,000 for the car.‎ ‎ A. with paying B. to paying C. to pay D. on paying ‎36. The man pretended ____ when we saw him.‎ ‎ A. to be eaten B. eating C. being eating D. to be eating ‎37. He doesn’t know _____.‎ ‎ A. when to do B. what to do C. how to do D. where to do ‎38. Today we use machines _____ us do most of our work.‎ ‎ A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped ‎39. She preferred me _____ there.‎ ‎ A. to stay B. would stay C. I stay D. stay ‎40. We’re going to help _____ the trees.‎ ‎ A. watered B. watering C. to watering D. water 实战演练（二）‎ ‎1.No one enjoys _____ at.‎ ‎　A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed ‎ ‎2.You must do something to prevent your house__________ .‎ ‎　A. to be broken in B. from being broken in C. to break in D. from breaking in ‎ ‎3.They insisted on _________another chance to try.‎ ‎　A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given ‎4.—Where is my passport? I remember________　it here.‎ ‎　—You shouldn't have left it here. Remember____________ it with you all the time.‎ ‎　A. to put；to take　　B. putting；taking　C. putting；to take　 D. to put；taking ‎5.His room needs _______ , so he must have it_________.‎ ‎　A. painting； painted　　 B. painted； painting ‎　C. painting； painting　 D. painted； painted ‎ ‎6.The young trees we planted last week require ________with great care.‎ ‎　A. looking after　 B. to look after　C. to be looked after D .taken good care of ‎ ‎7. A policeman saw two thieves ____ a girl’s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once.‎ ‎ A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen ‎8.She returned home only to find the door open and something _________　.‎ ‎　A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed ‎ ‎9.She decided to devote herself ______the problem of old age.‎ ‎　A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study ‎ ‎10.It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________ my car.‎ ‎ A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired ‎11.It's no good ________ over split milk.‎ A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry ‎12. Have you forgotten ___________$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow?‎ ‎ A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring ‎ C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing ; bringing ‎ 13. The classroom wants __________.‎ ‎ A. clean B. cleaned C .to clean D. cleaning ‎ 14. Jack said that he wouldn't mind ___________ for us.‎ ‎ A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited ‎ 15. My brother keeps _________ me with my work.‎ ‎ A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped ‎ 16.We should often practise _________ English with each other.‎ ‎ A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking ‎ 17.Keep on _________ and you will succeed.‎ ‎ A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying ‎ 18.His parents insist on ____________ to college.‎ ‎ A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go ‎19.The story was so funny that we ___________.‎ ‎ A. couldn't help laugh B. can't but laugh ‎ C. couldn't help laughing D. couldn't help but to laugh ‎20.What about _________ to the concert with us ?‎ ‎ A. we go B. we going C. going D. to go ‎21.__________ clean is a safeguard against disease.‎ ‎ A. To be keeping B. Kept C. Keep D. Keeping ‎22.Seeing is _________.‎ ‎ A. to believe B. believing C. believed D. being believed ‎23．The scientist suggested ____ the experiment in a different way.‎ ‎ A. do B. to do C. doing D. done ‎24．Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him.‎ ‎　　A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning ‎25．Only one of these books is _____.‎ ‎　　A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of reading D. worth reading ‎26．We are both looking forward to _____ next week.‎ ‎　　A. going on vacation B. go on vacation ‎　　C. be going on vacation D. have gone on vacation ‎27．He had no difficulty _____ the problems.‎ ‎　　A. working out B. having worked out C. to have worked out D. to work out ‎28．I regretted _____ that to her.‎ ‎　　A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. /‎ ‎29. The secretary worked late into the night , ________ a long speech for the president .‎ ‎ A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing ‎30. Don’t have the machine ________ all the time . It will go wrong .‎ ‎ A. to run B. running C. been run D. run ‎31. The food was delicious . That was a __________ meal .‎ ‎ A. satisfying B. satisfied C. satisfaction D. satisfy ‎32. Look around when __________ the street .‎ ‎ A. across B. crossing C. crossed D. to be crossing ‎33. In the morning she found her father _____________ in bed , dead .‎ ‎ A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying ‎34. I saw him ________ into your room when you were not in. ‎ A. gone B. going C. went D. to go ‎ ‎35. Please keep quiet. Father is busy ________. ‎ ‎ A. work B. to work C. working D. works ‎36. Sally had no pen ____ yesterday morning.‎ ‎ A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with ‎37. It’s time for class. Stop _________, please. ‎ ‎ A. to talk B. talk C. talks D. talking ‎ ‎38. You should work tonight instead of ________ TV.‎ ‎ A. to watch B. watching C. to watching D. watched ‎ ‎39. Listen! Can you hear the girl _________ the piano in the next room? ‎ ‎ A. to play B. play C. playing D. plays ‎40. Mr. Wang came into the office without _________ the door. ‎ ‎ A. knock B. knocking at C. to knock at D. knocking to ‎ 实战演练（三）‎ ‎1. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.‎ A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning ‎2. You can’t have the horse ______ all the way. It’s too hot.‎ A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running ‎3. When I came back, I found the house ______ and everything _____.‎ A. was broken; took away B. broken into; taken away C. had been broken; taken D. break into; take away ‎4. The house they _____ in the floods must be rebuilt before winter comes.‎ A. had washed away B. had to wash away ‎ C. had them washed away D. had washed them away ‎5. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ____ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my color TV set ____when I got home.‎ A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing ‎6 –Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?‎ ‎--Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English.‎ A. sing; singing B. sung; sung C. sung; singing D. singing; sung ‎7. The money collected should be made good use _____ the people in South Asia who suffered a lot in the killer earthquake and tsunami.‎ A. of help B. to help C. to helping D. of to help ‎8. When I came home last night, I saw my little kid _____ on the bed, with his whole attention ______ upon the book about Harry Porter.‎ A. lying; fixing B. lay; fixed C. sitting; to fix D. seated; fixed ‎9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____.‎ A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry ‎10. On my way home; I saw a thief _____ money from a lady by the police.‎ A. being caught B. having caught C. caught stealing D. have caught to stealing ‎11. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again. ‎ A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired ‎12. The result of the entrance exams was not made _______ to the public until last Thursday.‎ A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known ‎13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ next year.‎ A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out ‎14. He'd like to get it ______ today while they are at it.‎ A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled ‎15. I've had my radio _____ so soon because my father had me _____ it.‎ A. repair; done B. repaired; do C repairing; do D. repaired; done ‎16．China is a_____________ country.‎ ‎ A. developed B. developing C. to develop D. develops ‎17. __________ a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.‎ ‎ A. to wear B. worn C. wear D. wearing ‎18.The story is ____________________.‎ ‎ A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. to interest ‎19. Damin sits on the side of the river, __________ the meal for himself.‎ ‎ A. cooked B. cooks C. to cook D. cooking ‎20.The entertainment building ___________ will be completed next year. ‎ A. being built B. built C. be built D. to build 实战演练（一）‎ ‎1—5 BABCC 6---10 DCAAC 11---15 DABBB 16---20 DBBCA ‎21—25 BABAD 26---30 CCABD 31—35 BBAAC 36—40 DBAAD 实战演练（二）‎ ‎1- 5CBCC A 6-10 A BC C A 11-15B A DC C 16-20D DCC C ‎21-25. D BCBD 26-30 A A A BB 31-36. A B A B C 36-40. DDBCB 实战演练（三）‎ ‎1-10 BCBAADDDA C 11-20 CBCA B BDCDA