【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十三（15页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十三（15页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十三 ‎[一]‎ Almost everybody once felt loneliness. Loneliness doesn’t depend on how many people you are surrounded, but actually is decided by how much socially connected you are. Social media such as WeChat, QQ and Microblog is growing rapidly, which seems to have expanded our network, but actually has thrown ourselves into the hole of loneliness. Now loneliness is poisoning our mental health. To jump out of the “net”, recently the concept of “cohousing” is introduced by some western architects（建筑师）and the new living style is well-received in the US among seniors. So what’s cohousing?‎ ‎ Most cohousing communities are 15 to 35 private and individual houses built around a public area where social interaction takes place. Those individual houses are actually the same with common houses with living rooms, bathrooms, kitchens and bedrooms. In the public area, there are a variety of public facilities like big kitchens. Residents can regularly plan activities and meals together. Some neighborhoods have dinner every day with work clearly given to each person. The closer ties in the cohousing communities tend to increase people’s sense of security. In addition, cohousing units prove to be economical. Although the house itself might be a little higher, the total costs can be lower after considering energy savings through shared meals, transportation and others.‎ ‎ The attitude towards “cohousing” is mixed. Intentional people-to-people interaction is greatly valued the accepted by supporters. They treat the lifestyle as the lifeline out of the hole of loneliness. However, opponents hold that privacy outweighs intentional social interaction. They find no need to change their current living style and want to stay unchanged as long as possible. Such opinion is challenged by some people. They argue when those people get older with sudden death of their income or even mate, they will ‎ realize the value of cohousing communities. They are suggested to plan ahead. What’s your idea? Will you choose to live in cohousing communities?‎ ‎32.The author uses “social media” in the first paragraph to _________.‎ A. show the problem of using them ‎ B. persuade readers to value communication ‎ C. remind readers of their ways of communication ‎ D. prove the importance of them ‎ ‎33. What can we learn from the cohousing communities?‎ A. The communities are built in an area which contains 15-35 public houses.‎ B. Residents plan activities and meals together in their individual houses.‎ C. The houses in the communities are similar to common houses with necessary facilities.‎ D. The communities will cost people more money because the price of the house is higher.‎ ‎34. What’s the author’s attitude towards “cohousing”?‎ A. Uninterested. B. Doubtful. C. Worried. D. Objective.‎ ‎35. What would be the best title for the text?‎ A. What is a “cohousing community”? B. Would you choose “cohousing”?‎ C. How do you purchase “cohousing”? D. Why does “cohousing” appear?‎ 参考答案：32-35 ACDB ‎[二]‎ We believe that there is more to education than preparation for a job. Children must be prepared for all aspects (方面) of their future work，personal relationships，creative activities，dealing with money matters，independence，and parenthood.‎ But it would be unrealistic (不现实的) to provide an education which took no consideration of the needs of employers.‎ What type of training does the business world regard as important?‎ Many young people applying for jobs were，in the employers' opinions，very weak in the basic skills of handwriting，grammar and spelling. “Though additional education at university level improved the students' general ability，” a report states，“in basic skills the standards remained stubbornly low.”‎ There are different opinions about whether standards have gone down in recent years. What is certain is that employers do not believe the standards are now high enough. Do technological changes make greater demands upon the students' abilities?‎ We should also remember that the job expectations of young people have increased. Girls who would have once become shop assistants or hairdressers now want to be secretaries. Boys who sought an apprenticeship (学徒工作) 20 years ago now desire to have an engineering degree. But it is still the_same_girls_and_boys with the same degree of ability. No wonder there are problems in reaching the “necessary standards” of the business world.‎ Many employers believe that it is important for teachers to have experience outside the world of college and school.They should work for a while at some other kinds of job “to see how the world of business is different from their own”．The teaching occupation and society in general need a greater understanding of manpower needs and therefore of “the desired” direction of the education system.‎ ‎28．The article mainly talks about ________．‎ A．no education among young people B．meeting the educational requirements of employment C．the problem of unemployment D．the weaker standards of education ‎29．In the writer's opinion，education should ________．‎ A．pay more attention to students' academic ability B．only meet the needs of employment C．be suitable to all aspects of being an adult，including employment D．center on grammar ‎30．The underlined part “the same girls and boys” in Paragraph 6 refers to ________．‎ A．those who are likely to be unemployed B．those who have just left middle school C．those who are looking for jobs far beyond their abilities D．those who might have become shop assistants，hairdressers and apprentices in the past ‎31．It's suggested that teachers should ________．‎ A．never change their jobs B．improve their teaching methods C．spend more time on their school work D．get some work experience outside school 参考答案：16-20 AACAB ‎ ‎[三]‎ The world is changing so fast that English，perhaps the most worldly of languages，is struggling to keep up.‎ Learners in the future are likely to be much younger. Young children are often said to be better at languages learning than older learners but they also have special challenges. Young children don't usually have the kind of instrumental motivation and determination for learning English that older learners often have.English lessons must therefore be fun and rewarding.‎ The reasons why people learn English are also changing. Globalization is bringing together more people than ever who speak different languages and who are turning to English as the means of communication. The English learners of the future may be less worried about sounding exactly like a native speaker and more concerned about how to use English effectively in ‎ crosscultural communication. We may be hearing more nonnative speakers in dialogues and a wider range of the “New Englishes” now used around the world.‎ Technology will allow English to come to you，rather than you having to go to a special place to learn English.‎ Learning English has always involved both pain and pleasure，private effort and social activity. Traditional learning provided takeit or leaveit mixes of these as well as of content but in future learners will be able to choose a plan which suits their cultural and psychological disposition (性情)，or their particular needs at that moment. They，rather than their teachers，will decide how，what and when they will learn.‎ Above all，learning English is about communication and an important benefit of learning English is being able to exchange views and make friends with people all over the world. Despite the growing independence of learners，trusted institutions and brand names will remain important.‎ ‎21．Compared to older learners，young English learners________．‎ A．are more active in learning B．are more hardworking in learning C．have more difficulties in learning D．have less lasting determination in learning ‎22．What can we learn about the future English language?‎ A．British English will be more popular.‎ B．American English will be more popular.‎ C．Most people will speak standard English.‎ D．Many different kinds of Englishes will appear.‎ ‎23．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Future English lessons will be more interesting.‎ B．Old people won't have to learn English in the future.‎ C．People will pay more attention to English pronunciation.‎ D．Teachers will play a more important role in one's English ‎ learning.‎ ‎24．What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. Learning English means no pain in the future.‎ B．English training schools will not be popular with young people in the future.‎ C．English learners will become less independent in the future.‎ D．More attention will be paid to personal needs in English learning in the future.‎ 参考答案：25-27ABD ‎[四]‎ Scotland has long been characterized as a land of romance. It contains ruins of many ancient castles, and there is an attractive beauty in its mountains, long deep valleys, and ribbon lakes. Each year those things attract a great number of tourists.‎ Numerous islands line the coast. In the north are two large groups, the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands. Close to the west coast are the Inner and Outer Hebrides groups, and the islands of Arran and Bute.‎ The land may be divided into three regions: the Highlands in the north, the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.‎ The Highlands are wild and picturesque(如画的). A long valley called Glenmore crosses the Highlands from southwest to northeast.‎ In the south of the Highlands are the Grampian Mountains, highest in the British Isles. Ben Nevis, the highest peak, rises to 1,243 meters. Ben Lomond rises from the shore of Loch Lomond, Scotland's largest freshwater lake.‎ The Central Lowlands run from southwest to northeast and the greatest length is nearly 145 kilometers. The soil here is fertile, and there are four coalfields underlying the area. In the east is Edinburgh, Scotland's historic capital city, and in the west is Glasgow. Almost 90 percent of Scotland's population live in the Lowlands.‎ In the Southern Uplands, the hills are generally less than 600 meters high. Their rounded or flat tops are often capped with dark peat(泥炭). Along the slopes are plants ‎ like grass and heather(石南花). ‎ ‎32. All the following things attract tourists to Scotland EXCEPT ______.‎ 1. ruins of ancient castles B. mountains and valleys C. animals and plants D. ribbon lakes ‎33. From the passage we know that ________.‎ A. the land consists of four parts ‎ B. the Highlands have rich soil C. Loch Lomond is Scotland's largest freshwater lake D. The Central Lowlands run from south to north ‎34. Most Scottish people live in ________.‎ A. the Highlands B. the Central lowlands C. the Southern Uplands D. the Orkney Islands ‎35.The underlined word “capped” in the last paragraph means ______.‎ A. divided B. surrounded C. covered D. connected 参考答案：32—35 CBCC ‎[五]‎ In China, many people are leaving the countryside to find jobs in the cities, because the countryside is much poorer than the city, and often there isn't much work there. Services such as hospital and transport are usually much better in the city than in the countryside. They hope that their lives will improve when they move to the city.‎ But in the big cities of Europe like London or Paris, people are moving out of the city. These rich families want to live a quieter life. They are tired of the noise and the dirt of the city, and they are tired of the crowded streets, crowded trains and buses. They don't want to live in the cities any more. They want a house with a garden in the countryside, and breathe the fresh air there.‎ So they move out of the cities. Some don't go very far, just to the towns near the cities. Other people move to the real countryside with sheep, cows and green fields. There, they start new lives and try to make new friends.‎ Not all those who move from the city to the countryside are happy. After two or three years, many people who have done this feel that it was a big mistake. They don't make ‎ so much money and there isn't much work to do. People in the countryside are very different and aren't always very friendly.‎ As a result, quite a lot of people who have moved to the countryside move back to the city. “It's wonderful to see crowds in the streets and cinema lights,” they say.‎ ‎28. Which is NOT the reason for people moving to the cities in China?‎ A. The countryside is much poorer than the city.‎ B. People in the countryside don't have much work to do there.‎ C. People in the countryside have nothing to eat.‎ D. Services in cities are usually much better than those in the countryside.‎ ‎29. After moving to the countryside, some people in Europe feel unhappy because ________.‎ A. they can't make much money B. there isn't much work for them to do in the countryside C. some people in the countryside aren't always very friendly to them D. A, B and C ‎30. The best title of this passage may be________.‎ A. A happy life! B. Moving out or moving back?‎ C. Living in the city! D. Living in the countryside!‎ ‎31. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph shows __________‎ A. they miss their friends in the countryside B. they are happy to move back to the city C. they still want to move to the countryside D. they are tired of the noise and the crowded streets in the city 参考答案：28-31.CDBB ‎[六]‎ ‎ A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an ‎ improvement on the printed text, so much the better.‎ A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.‎ There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, and I must say so peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl -friend.‎ No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.‎ ‎21. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ________.‎ ‎ A. repeated without any change     B. treated as a joke ‎ C. made some changes by the parent   D. set in the present ‎22. According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is ________.‎ ‎ A. in a realistic setting    B. heard for the first time ‎ C. repeated too often    D. told in a different way ‎23. The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ________.‎ ‎ A. makes them less fearful ‎ B. develops their power of memory ‎ C. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of ‎ D. encourages them not to have strange beliefs ‎24. One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that ________.‎ ‎ A. they are full of imagination ‎ B. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth ‎ C. they are not interesting ‎ D. they make teachers of history difficult to teach ‎25. The author's mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ________.‎ ‎ A. fairy stories are still being made up ‎ B. there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales ‎ C. people try to modernize old fairy stories ‎ D. there is more concern for children's fears nowadays 参考答案：21-25 CBABB ‎[七]‎ Human beings are the most intelligent of all animals because we are gifted with the ability to think and reason logically. Scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past. "Houses" have been the most popular area for discoveries and inventions in the past and even now.‎ ‎    Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better functioning of the existent products. Every individual has intelligence and if it is used properly for the right purpose it leads to invention of a new tool or device. Many new household inventions are made almost every day and there are specific companies, which particularly keep a record of all these inventions.‎ ‎    A lot of inventions have been made recently in the household field. These products are patented(专利的)and have trade mark licenses. The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long. Vanity PC is a type of computer furniture that specifically hides all the computer wires and keeps a clean and good look. All the outdoor dust, mud and snow can be kept out of the house by fixing the dirt drain(排水管)at the entrance of the door. Another important invention is the automatic toilet night-light, in which a small light starts when the lid of the toilet seat is opened and closes as soon as the lid is closed.‎ ‎    These are some of the new household inventions invented mostly by common people. Thus, a variety of new household items are invented every day, which helps in a better functioning of household chores(家务)and in a more useful manner.‎ ‎41. The first paragraph is intended to ________.‎ A. stress the importance of inventions B. introduce the topic of the article C. show the advantages of modern lifestyle D. tell the differences between human beings and animals ‎42. According to the passage, people make house inventions to ________.‎ A. earn more money and gain awards B. accumulate their wealth C. improve the present living conditions D. meet the new demands of new science ‎43. It can be inferred that the sliding cinch is used to ________.‎ A. prevent your shoulder from being over-pressured B. keep your shoulder safe and sound when you are in an accident or an operation C. help you practice your shoulder more often and reduce shoulder pains D. cover your shoulder and make it stronger to resist the outside strike ‎44. Common people can also make good inventions because ________.‎ A. wisdom and inspiration sometimes come from everyday life B. some inventions are easy to be made and can be mastered by them C. common people have a strong desire to do something for science research D. success is often connected with hardship and bitter experience of common people ‎45. The passage mainly talks about ________.‎ A. the correct use of household facilities B. different ideas about household inventions C. the history of household inventions D. household inventions and their influence 参考答案：41-45 BCAAD ‎[八]‎ Taking photographs at a birthday or a wedding has become as natural as blowing out candles or cutting the cake. But our obsession with recording every detail of our happiest moments could be damaging our ability to remember them, according to new research. A study has shown that taking pictures rather than concentrating fully on the events in front of us prevents memories taking hold.‎ Dr. Linda Henkel, from Fairfield University, Connecticut, described it as the ‎ “photo－taking impairment effect”. She said: “People so often pull out their cameras almost mindlessly to capture a moment, to the point where they are missing what is happening right in front of them. When people rely on technology to remember for them—counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves—it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences.”‎ Dr Henkel and her team carried out an experiment in a museum, to learn if taking pictures of the exhibits was hindering the ability of visitors to remember what they had seen.‎ A group of university students were led on a tour at the Bellarmine Museum of Art at Fairfield University and were asked to either photograph or try and remember objects on display. The next day their memory was tested. The results showed that people were less accurate in recognizing the objects they had photographed than those they had only looked at. It was found that their memory for the details of the objects they had photographed was poorer.‎ Henkel's lab is currently investigating whether the content of a photo, such as whether you are in it，affects later memory. She is also researching whether actively choosing what to photograph might influence what we remember.‎ Previous research suggests that reviewing photos we have taken does help us remember the objects, but only if we take the time.‎ ‎“Research has suggested that the sheer volume and lack of organization of digital photos for personal memories discourages many people from accessing and recalling them. In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collect them，” said Dr Henkel.‎ ‎46. What does the word “them”, in the first paragraph, refer to?‎ A. Gifts at a birthday. B. People who go to parties.‎ C. Photos taken at a wedding. D. Details of the happiest moments.‎ ‎47. What is the “photo－taking impairment effect”？‎ A. Some unhappy events may impair the effects of photos.‎ B. Taking photographs of objects ruins one's memory of them.‎ C. The effects of photos are strongly affected by bad cameras.‎ D. Memories last forever when people take the photos they like most.‎ ‎48. What can we learn about Dr. Linda Henkel's study?‎ A. A group of high school students were involved.‎ B. The memory of participants was tested the following week.‎ C. People who just looked at the objects remembered fewer details.‎ D. People who photographed objects were worse at recognizing them.‎ ‎49. With which of the following may Dr. Linda Henkel agree?‎ ‎ A. Reviewing photos improves memories of objects.‎ B. Focusing on people at events is the best way to remember.‎ ‎ C. Relying on technology to remember affects the memory.‎ ‎ D. Counting on cameras to record events is always reliable.‎ ‎50. The passage is probably taken from ________.‎ ‎ A. a health magazine B. a cultural overview C. an economics report D. an entertainment website 参考答案：46-50 DBDCA ‎ ‎[九]‎ ‎ In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception(感知) of the food in front of us.‎ ‎ Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.‎ ‎ A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them — in other words, how much they remembered eating.‎ ‎ This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.‎ ‎ "Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal," Brunstrom says, "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."‎ ‎ These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones, depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calories shake.‎ ‎ What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.‎ ‎ The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.‎ ‎61. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?‎ ‎ A. How we perceive the food we eat. B. What ingredients the food contains.‎ ‎ C. When we eat our meals. D. How fast we eat our meals.‎ ‎62. What do we learn from the 2011 study?‎ ‎ A. Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.‎ ‎ B. Food labels may influence our body's response to food.‎ ‎ C. Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.‎ ‎ D. People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.‎ ‎63. What does Brunstrom suggest we should do to control our appetite?‎ ‎ A. Trick ourselves into eating less.‎ ‎ B. Choose food with fewer calories.‎ ‎ C. Concentrate on food while eating.‎ ‎ D. Pick dishes of the right size.‎ ‎64. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ ‎ A. Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.‎ ‎ B. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.‎ ‎ C. Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.‎ ‎ D. Good eating habits will contribute to our health.‎ 参考答案：61-64: ABCB ‎[十]‎ ‎ Iceland has the highest birth rate in Europe, the highest divorce rate, and the highest percentage of women working outside the home. Such statistics are often evidence of a miserable, chaotic society, with loads of children, broken homes and absent mothers.But Iceland is the exception — its citizens are the happiest in the world. ‎ ‎ New rankings from the United Nations Development Program's Human Development Index rate Iceland as the best country in the world in which to live.‎ ‎ Perhaps the country's geographic location contributes to Icelanders' happiness.Located in the middle of the North Atlantic, with Greenland as its nearest neighbor, Iceland is free from the taboos that cause so much distress elsewhere. For instance, people who divorce are not looked down upon by society.‎ ‎ Icelanders are offspring of the Vikings, a north European people who invaded ‎ European coasts from the 8th through the 10th century. This tradition of getting out into the world lives on in modernday Iceland. Almost all Icelanders have studied or worked abroad, and most speak English.‎ Perhaps as a result, Iceland's economic policies blend the best of those from Europe and the US to create its own welfare system.‎ ‎“Many of us have lived in the US, and studied there,” said the former Icelandic Prime Minister Geir Haarde.“We have both taken from them and found that naturally we share the cando attitude — that if you work hard, anything can be done.”‎ ‎ Indeed, the country is rich in writers, painters, film makers and accomplished musicians.There's Sigur Ros, a postrock band, and also a national symphony orchestra that plays to the highest standards all over the world. Half the population appears to have written a book.‎ ‎ “Iceland has harsh nature, with its bitter everchanging weather, ” said Haraldur Jonsson, a painter, sculptor and video and performance artist.“We cannot escape it. So we find ways ______.We have to have a rich internal life to fill the empty spaces.”‎ ‎58. It is commonly believed that high birth rate and divorce rate will bring about ______.‎ ‎ A. social problems B. a sense of wellbeing ‎ ‎ C. a unique welfare system D. a modern way of life ‎59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the cause of Icelander’s happiness?‎ ‎ A. Geographic location B. A rich internal life ‎ C. National pride D. Freedom from taboos ‎60. Which of the following is the most suitable to fill in the blank in the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. to get rid of it B. to withdraw from it ‎ C. to exercise caution against it D. to live with it ‎ 参考答案：58-60: ACD