【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导四人物传记（5页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导四人物传记（5页）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导四人物传记 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.人物最显著的性格、品德特征。‎ ‎2．人物重大的、有影响的经历。‎ ‎3．人物最注目的功绩、贡献、成就。‎ ‎4．人物成长的时代背景。‎ ‎1.把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。‎ ‎2．理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及结果。‎ ‎3．感悟人物的情感和心理活动。‎ ‎[经典案例分析]‎ ‎(2018·浙江高考·A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days，a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.‎ The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.‎ The cat's lot was about to improve. That year，one of Benjamin's cousins，Mr. Pennington，came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.‎ In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.‎ In the city，Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams，a wellknown painter，came to see him work. Williams was impressed with ‎ Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student. But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特是如何开始他的艺术生涯的。‎ ‎【长难句解读】　While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.‎ ‎[分析]　这是一个复合句。主句是they were his introduction to classical paintings，While it is likely that he understood very little of the books是让步状语从句；that he understood very little of the books是主语从句。‎ ‎[译文]　虽然很有可能他(本杰明)对这些书理解甚少，但它们却是他了解古典绘画的入门指导。‎ ‎1．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.‎ B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.‎ C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.‎ D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.‎ ‎[考查主旨大意，命题点为人物成长的背景。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的，故选C项。]‎ ‎2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?‎ A．The cat would be closely watched.‎ B．The cat would get some medical care.‎ C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.‎ D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.‎ ‎[考查句意理解。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛 制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔，故选D项。]‎ ‎3．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?‎ A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.‎ B．He provided him with painting materials.‎ C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.‎ D．He taught him how to make engravings.‎ ‎[考查细节理解。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接着下一段又谈到“In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，Mr. Pennington送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选B项。]‎ ‎4．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ．‎ A．master the use of paints B．appreciate landscape paintings C．get to know other painters D．make up his mind to be a painter ‎[考查细节理解，命题点为人物有影响的经历。由文章最后两句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，这两本书是他通往古典绘画的指引，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选D项。]‎ ‎[题材对点训练]‎ ‎(2018·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)Susan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time. She fought for women's rights long before they became a popular issue.‎ Susan was born on February 15，1820，in Adams, Massachusetts. At that time，women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote.‎ At the age of 15，Susan became a schoolteacher. She taught for 15‎ ‎ years. Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women. She helped gain better educational rights for women. She helped give married women possession of their earnings.‎ After the Civil War，Susan became very involved in the women's suffrage movement. After years of lecturing，writing，and appealing by Susan and other women，some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote. The first state was Wyoming in 1869.Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming's decision．It was not until 1920 that the U．S.Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights.‎ Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86.She was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950.She was the first American woman to have a likeness(肖像)of her face on a coin.It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她努力为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。‎ ‎1．What was the situation of American women like when Susan was born?‎ A．They had low social status.‎ B．They could vote after getting married.‎ C．They managed money for their husbands.‎ D．They were responsible for decisionmaking.‎ A　[考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“At that time，women had few rights.They could not own property.Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband.Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers.Women could not vote.”可知，在那时，女性没有什么权利，地位是低下的，故A项正确。B、C和D项均与此表述不符。]‎ ‎2．What is the third paragraph mainly about?‎ A．Susan's teaching experiences.‎ B．Susan's educational background.‎ C．Susan's efforts to abolish slavery.‎ D．Susan's fighting for women's causes.‎ D　[考查段落大意。通读第三段尤其是“Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women.”可知，本段主要讲述Susan Brownell Anthony为争取女权而斗争的情况，故D项正确。A项仅为细节之一，无法概括该段大意；B项文中没有提及；根据第三段的“Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women.”可知，Susan Brownell Anthony为争取女权而斗争，而不是为废除奴隶制而斗争，故C项错误。]‎ ‎3．What does the word“decision”in the fourth paragraph refer to?‎ A．Promoting the social movement.‎ B．Changing the U．S.Constitution.‎ C．Giving women voting rights.‎ D．Uniting other areas and states.‎ C　[考查词义猜测。根据第四段第二句中的“some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote”可知，在Susan Brownell Anthony的努力下，美国一些地区修改了法律，给了妇女投票权；结合该段第三、四句“The first state was Wyoming in 1869.Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming's decision．”可以判断，画线词指代“给妇女投票权”这一决定，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．The first American woman to invent coins B．The problem of women's rights in the U．S.‎ C．The most popular women organizations D．A pioneer in fighting for women's rights D　[考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖 Susan Brownell Anthony。她为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。据此可知D项最适合作文章标题。] ‎ ‎ ‎