专题54 短文改错-高考全攻略之备战2018年高考英语考点一遍过

专题54 短文改错-高考全攻略之备战2018年高考英语考点一遍过

考点54 短文改错 高考频度：★★★★★‎ 高考短文改错题是在给出一篇约100词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。每句中最多有两处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 高考短文改错着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。此题型不仅要求考生牢固的掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求考生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。它针对考生平时学习英语过程中，尤其是在写作中常犯的错误而设计的，考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。 ‎ ‎【试题特点】 ‎ 一般来说，短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生文章或类似于考生习作的文章。所选材料篇幅较短，约100词左右，10—12个句子；难度不大，基本上无生僻的词汇和语法结构。短文改错的话题较常见，通常是叙述一个事情或说明一个事物。从体裁上看，历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。通常从词法，句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，错误类型有多词，缺词，和错词三种，比例一般为错词：多词：缺词=8（7）：1（2）：1  ‎ 短文改错：近三年的对比分析  ‎ ‎2015—2017年英语新课标全国I卷短文改错考向双向细目表 项目 年份 ‎2015年 ‎2016年 ‎2017年 体彩 议论文（随笔）‎ 记叙文 语篇解读 成年时在城市生活，渴望保护环境 叔叔开饭店 暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事 文本长度 ‎109‎ ‎93‎ ‎108‎ 考 名词 ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 点 分 布 动词 ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 形容词 ‎2‎ ‎1‎ 副词 ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 代词 ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ 连词 ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ 介词 ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 冠词 ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 从句 ‎0‎ ‎1‎ 时态 ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 非谓语 ‎0‎ ‎1‎ 错 误 类 型 错词 ‎9‎ ‎8‎ ‎8‎ 多词 ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 少词 ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎【解题策略】‎ 专题一 错误类型：错词、多词、缺词 ‎　错词、多词和缺词三者的比例大致为：8: 1: 1。其中， 错词主要针对实词，多词和缺词主要针对虚词。实词包括动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词；虚词包括冠词、介词、连词。‎ 一、错词 ‎1.冠词：固定搭配、序数词、最高级等 。 ‎ ‎2.名词：单复数、所有格等。‎ ‎3.代词：（1） 代词指代不一致的错误。代词的指代一致性包括数、格和性三方面的统一。‎ ‎ （2） 连接代词、疑问代词、关系代词的误用等。‎ ‎4.谓语动词：时态、语态、语气、情态动词、固定搭配、主谓一致等。‎ ‎5.非谓语动词：现在分词与过去分词、不定式之间的用法区别，非谓语动词的时态语态误用等。‎ ‎6.形容词、副词：（1） 两种词性的混用。‎ ‎ （2）比较等级及修饰语的误用。‎ ‎7.介词：固定搭配的误用。‎ ‎8.连词：关联词的误用。包括并列连词（and, but, or, so, when）和从属连词（各种从句的引导词）‎ 二、多词 ‎1.冠词：名词前是否多了冠词。‎ ‎2.谓语动词：及物动词后是否多了介词。‎ ‎3.不定式：符号to是否应该省略掉。‎ ‎4.形容词、副词：比较级构成是否重复。‎ ‎5.介词：状语前、关系副词前、及物动词后是否多了介词。‎ ‎6.连词：主从复合句中的because与so连用、although与but连用。‎ ‎7.固定搭配：按照惯用法看，是否多词：如：（was）used to do 三、缺词 ‎1.冠词：名词前是否缺冠词。‎ ‎2.不及物动词：其后是否缺介词。‎ ‎3.不定式：是否少了不该省的to。‎ ‎4.动词：动词(如被动语态)、助动词、情态动词是否被遗漏。‎ ‎5.固定搭配：按照惯用法，是否少词。‎ 专题二 实词错误规则 一、动词 关于动词，首先要根据句子的结构分清改用谓语动词还是非谓语动词。要明确不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语形式，而究竟用哪种非谓语动词是由非谓语动词的句法功能决定的。‎ 第一步：分析句子结构——做状语的非谓语动词——可以是分词，也可以是不定式；‎ 第二步：表示目的——只能是不定式。‎ ‎（一）谓语动词的常见错误类型 ‎1. 时态语态错用； ‎ ‎2. and 前后动词形式不一致； ‎ ‎3. 第三人称单数形式错用；‎ ‎4. 主谓不一致；‎ ‎5. 易混动词的用法错误；‎ ‎6. 缺少动词，特别是be动词； ‎ ‎7.主动语态和被动语态错用；‎ ‎8. 动词的固定搭配错误等。‎ ‎（二）非谓语动词的常见错误 ‎1. 动词与非谓语动词混用； ‎ ‎2. 三类非谓语动词之间的混用；‎ ‎3. 不定式符号to的有无；‎ ‎4.并列结构连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（尤其距离较远时）；‎ ‎5.介词后用了动词原形而不是动名词作宾语；‎ ‎6.某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式作宾语，容易混淆。‎ 二、名词 ‎ 名词的常见错误主要是单复数及所有格的错误使用。‎ ‎【解题方法】‎ ‎1.区别名词的可数与不可数 ‎2.根据名词前面的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断用单数还是复数 ‎3.记住常考的一些不可数名词：advice, fun, progress, information, furniture, equipment…‎ 三、代词 ‎ 常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。‎ 对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要注意它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其＂数＂、＂格＂、＂性＂是否正确和前后是否一致。‎ 数：I — we him — them 格：she — her my — mine 性：he — she him — her 四、形容词和副词 ‎（一）形容词和副词的混用 ‎1. 除了be之外，多数系动词后要用形容词作表语；‎ ‎2. 词性的误用：形容词主要作定语修饰名词；副词主要做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。‎ ‎（二）形容词和名词等其他词类的混用。‎ ‎ （三）比较级最高级的误用以及一些固定搭配如as…as的误用。‎ ‎ 五、固定搭配 固定搭配指与动词、形容词、副词等有关的短语、平时要多注意积累。‎ 专题三 破解虚词之错 一、冠词 ‎1.误用a和an：根据单词的第一个因素来判定。‎ ‎2.误用 a 和 the ‎3.多冠词或缺冠词 二、介词 主要考查介词在固定短语中的误用、多用或者漏用、这些短语包括介词与动词、形容词、名词等连用。‎ 三、连词 为使文章结构严谨，在行文中要用到各种连词。在并列句中，我们要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系。在复合句中，应根据主从句之间的关系来判断连词的使用是否正确。‎ （一） 并列连词的误用 主要涉及and, but, or, so等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格来说，这类错误主要是行文逻辑的错误。‎ ‎（二）从句引导词的错误 主要涉及引导词的错用、误加与漏用，有时候将不是从句的成分吴认为是从句而误加引导词。这就需要考生弄清词性以及句子之间的关系。‎ ‎　　另外，还要注意一些连词的固定用法：either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but等，要注意它们的搭配。‎ 专题四 备考策略 ‎ 一、把握＂三＂＂四＂＂五＂，共十二个考点 三个必考点：1. 名词的单复数；2. 介词的误用、多用或少用；3. 动词时态不一致。‎ 四个常考点：1. 连词的误用、多用或少用；2. 冠词的误用、多用或少用；3. 词语辨析；4. 词性误用。‎ 五个考点：1. 代词；2. 非谓语动词；3. 情态动词；4. 主谓一致；5. 形容词的比较级和最高级。‎ 二、考法 ‎1. 8个改词1个添词1个删词，记住比例是：8:1:1；‎ ‎2. 每句有0—2个错误；‎ ‎3. 需要变形的词语通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词等；‎ ‎4. 少词一般是添加冠词、介词、连词、不定式的to，以及物主代词；‎ ‎5. 多词一般是删掉冠词、介词、助动词等。‎ ‎【核心思路】根据考点找错误，又快又准高速度。‎ 三、三个方面 ‎1. 词法：介词、冠词、连词的多用，少用或误用，词性误用，非谓语动词，各类词缀，如否定前缀，名词、形容词、副词后缀；‎ ‎2. 句法：主谓一致，时态一致，名词的单复数一致，代词的格和数一致；‎ ‎3. 行文逻辑：并列句中两个简单句的关系，因果、转折、选择、并列关系等。‎ 短文改错解题口诀 口诀一：‎ 短文改错有妙计，完整一致看仔细。词法侧重冠名动，形副互换要留意。‎ 分词出现多琢磨，主动被动加语气。全文一处多一词，一处少词关介词。‎ 时态人称要统一，连词用法重逻辑。短文改错要做好, 常见类型应记牢。‎ 口诀二：‎ 名词爱考数与格，冠词在前＂错、多、少＂； ‎ 动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了；‎ 连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆；介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到；‎ 句法涉及到＂一致＂，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。‎ ‎＂811＂ 排列是规律，回读复查敲定稿。‎ 注 1. ＂一致＂包括主谓一致，数、性、格等的一致。‎ ‎2. 811常指：8处错误，1处多词，1处少词。 ‎ 四、解题步骤 ‎1 浏览全文，掌握大意 ‎2 分句阅读，逐行找错 ‎3 由易到难, 各个击破 ‎ ‎4 检查核对，注意方法 具体解题步骤：‎ 做短文改错通常遵循以下几个步骤：通读文章，了解大意；逐句分析，行中找错；再读短文，检查漏洞。即按照文章→句子→行→文章的顺序。‎ 第一步：通读全文，了解大意。短文改错是考查考生在理解的基础上对语篇整体的识错、纠错能力，必须从全篇考虑，而不能只顾一句或一行。要理解文章的谋篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅读过程中，要注意行文逻辑、文章的时态以及人称等。‎ 第二步：逐句分析，行中找错。尽管短文改错是以行设置错误的，但语言毕竟是以句子为完整意义单位的。所以，可以逐句分析，看看单句是否有错；如果有错，有几处错误，是什么错误，再看看错误在哪一行。把＂短文改错＂转化为＂单句改错＂，然后再在行中找错，这样就会降低难度。　‎ 第三步：再读短文，检查漏洞。做完以后，再把文章阅读一遍，检查是否有遗漏情况，尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系。多读一遍，就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理顺。‎ 题组一（2017年高考真题）‎ Correction 1(2017·新课标全国卷I)‎ ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.‎ Correction 2(2017·新课标全国卷II)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting ‎ in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！‎ Correction 3(2017·新课标全国卷III)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.‎ 题组二（2016年高考真题）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Correction 1(2016·新课标全国卷I)‎ My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some ‎ people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.‎ Correction 2(2016·新课标全国卷II)‎ The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.‎ Correction 3(2016·新课标全国卷 III)‎ The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.‎ Correction 4(2016·四川卷)‎ It is Mother’s Day today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.‎ Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. She is a great mother. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest. At dinner, we said to her, ＂Happy Mother’s Day!＂ Mom was grateful and moving.‎ 题组三（2017年名校模拟题）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Correction1(2017届 广西南宁、钦州高三模考)‎ ‎ Last Friday, our class was invited an old craftsman to teach us how to making dough figurine(面人).When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him warm welcome and two boy helped him with the tool box. First, he shows us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him or watched attentively. Then we started to have a try itself. The old man walked around and helped us patient. Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking on the figurines, we were all very exciting. We hope we can have more activity of this kind!‎ Correction 2(2017届广东省汕头市高三二模 )‎ I always dream life in the future. What will it be like?‎ Perhaps some people will go to the moon for the holiday, and some people may live under the sea and in pace. Besides, probably there’ll be more educational program on the Internet. And therefore, students will be able to study at home instead of go to school every day. What’s more, maybe in the future each family will have a robot, that will be able to do whatever it was told to, such as going to shopping, doing housework and so on.‎ With the breakthrough of technology, I believe that their life will certainly become easier, happy and more colorful.‎ Correction 3(2017届黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三仿真模拟)‎ I was riding in a taxi to the bus station but from there I was supposed to taking a bus to New York City. It was going to be long journey. I had been packed some chocolates in my suitcase to eat in the way. When the ride was over, I paid the driver the due amount and gave him a tip. He got my suitcase out. I took them and started walking away. However, I realized that it was one of the opportunity to perform an act of kindness. I want to give away all the ‎ chocolates to the driver. After all, he had served me even though it was just his job. I gave them away and saw the brightly smile light up his face, what made me feel my heart filled with happiness.‎ Correction 4(2017届湖南省湘潭市高三5月模拟考试)‎ There are four seasons in a year and each is unique. However, autumn is the one I like best. Below are the reason why I have a preference for them It seems to me what autumn is the most grand and impressive season in a year. First of all, neither can I suffer summer's heat, or can I go through winter's coldness at this time. In addition, it is general acknowledged that autumn is symbol of harvest. The smile from farmers, who are getting a good harvest, always making me happy. What is the most important is that autumn also see leaves of bushes and trees to turn red, gold or orange. What a colorful world it is!‎ That's why I like autumn better.‎ 题组一 ‎ ‎ Correction 1‎ ‎ In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the , “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “ left!” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction ‎ was left. A few minutes , the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事。‎ 第一处：eighteen改为eighteenth 考查数词。句意：在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假。eighteen意思为“十八，十八个”，表示数量，eighteenth表示“第十八个的”，故将eighteen改为eighteenth。‎ 第二处：first前加the/my 考查冠词。句意：我依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day表示“我（学驾照）的第一天”，故在first前加the或my。‎ 第三处：so改为but/yet 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。‎ 第四处：goes改为went 考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。‎ 第五处：word改为words 考查单复数。句意：教练一直喊“加速！”“减速！”“左转！”。word“单词，消息”，words 可以表示为word的复数，也表示某人说的话，这里指教练说的那些话，故将word改为words。‎ 第六处：Turning改为Turn 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”，“减速”，“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning改为Turn。‎ 第七处：much去掉 考查固定句型。句意：我如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型so...that…表示“如此……以至于……”，much为多余成分，故将much去掉。‎ 第八处：late改为later 考查副词。late在此作副词，late“迟地”，later“稍后、随后”。此处表示“几分钟之后”，故将late改为later。‎ 第九处：suddenly改为sudden 考查形容词。句意：我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。sudden为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的”，修饰名词stop用形容词，故将suddenly改为sudden。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。‎ 第十处：on改为of 考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示“在路中间急刹车”，on the road表示“在路上”，the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”，故将on改为of。‎ Correction 2‎ Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes ‎ them about hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. , they often get some useful from the internet. When summer , they will invite their students pick the vegetables！‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要讲了张先生和张太太的日常工作和生活。‎ 第一处：all改为both：考查both和all的用法，both的主语是两个，而all的主语是三个或者三个以上，故将all改为both。‎ 第二处：a改为an或one：考查冠词，因为hour音标的首字母是元音，所以应用an,故将a改为an或者one。‎ 第三处：interesting改为interested：考查形容词，由于此句的主语是人，而interesting的主语是物，故将interesting改为interested。‎ 第七处：beside改为besides：考查连接词，beside是介词，“在……旁边”，而这里需要一个连接词，故将beside改为besides。‎ 第八处：informations改为information：考查名词，information是不可数名词，故将informations改为information.‎ 第九处：came改为comes：考查时态，本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。‎ 第十处：pick改为to pick：考查动词，本句出现了两个动词，所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词，又根据句意：摘新鲜的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二个动词变为to do不定式的形式表目的，故将pick前加上to。‎ Correction 3‎ When I look at this picture of myself. I realize how fast time flies. I grown ‎ not only physically, also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was , I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一处：删除realize后的of 考查介词。realize是及物动词，后面接宾语时不需要介词。‎ 第二处： had→have 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the past few years判断用现在完成时。‎ 第三处： and→but 考查连词。固定短语not only…but also…意为＂不但……而且……＂。‎ 第四处： took→taken 考查动词。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，故把took改为taken。‎ 第五处： become→became 考查动词时态。根据and前面的动词entered判断该句应该用一般过去时。‎ 第六处：在picture前加the/ this 考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。‎ 第七处：they→that/which 考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，因为指代things，所以把they改为that或者which。‎ 第八处：difference→different 考查形容词。修饰名词kinds应该用形容词形式。‎ 第九处： late→latest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late改为latest。‎ 第十处：your→my 考查代词。根据句意可知此处是我高中时代生活的美好回忆，故把your改为my。‎ 题组二 ‎ Correction 1‎ My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live. Though not very big, the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even  to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is . ‎ Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables  high quality oil are  for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams  becoming rich in  short period of time. Instead, he hopes that  business will grow .‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ 在英语中though、although、while或者as等引导的让步状语从句不和but连用；连词because不和so连用；此外，return不和back连用。‎ 第三处：had→have。考查时态。 整篇文章都是以现在时态写的， 所以需将一般过去时改为一般现在时。‎ 第四处：honest→honesty。考查名词。根据语境＂我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键在于诚实＂可知，此处该用名词形式作表语。‎ 第五处：or→and。考查并列连词。根据语境可知，此处不是表示选择关系，而是表示＂新鲜的蔬菜和优质的油＂，故把or改为and。‎ 第六处：using→used。考查被动语态。fresh vegetables和high quality oil与use之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ 第七处：becoming前加of。考查介词。dream of doing sth.是固定搭配，意为＂梦想做某事＂。‎ 第八处：the→a。考查冠词。此处表示泛指，故该用不定冠词a，in a short period of time意为＂短期内＂。‎ 第九处：our→his。考查代词。由语境及主语he可知，此处指的是叔叔的生意，故将our改为his才合乎语境。‎ 第十处：steady→steadily。考查副词。修饰动词grow该用副词，所以应用steady的副词形式steadily。‎ Correction 2‎ The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about  to do during the holiday. We can  between staying at home and  a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about  world. If we go on a trip abroad， we can broaden  view and gain   we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we 或go to places of interest nearby. I   that it is a good idea. It does not cost  , yet we can still learn a lot.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一处：how 改为what。考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，are talking about 后为宾语从句，且从句中do缺少宾语，故将how改为what。‎ 第二处：chose 改为choose。考查情态动词的用法。情态动词后接动词原形。‎ 第三处：take 改为taking。考查非谓语动词。因为and连接两个并列的成分，且介词后接动名词形式，所以将take改为taking。‎ 第八处：删除can或将can改为 should。考查虚拟语气。suggest 意为＂建议＂时，其后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。‎ 第九处：thought改为think。考查动词的时态。全文的时态均以一般现在时为主，故此处应用一般现在时。‎ 第十处：many改为much。考查代词。表示＂钱＂的多少时，要用much而不是many。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。‎ 一、词法改错 词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。‎ 例如：本题中的 ‎5.about后加the 考查定冠词 ‎7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数 ‎10.many改为much 考查代词 二、句法改错 句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1.how改为what 考查特殊结构。‎ ‎2.chose改为choose 考查句子结构 ‎3.take改为taking 考查并列结构 ‎8.删除can或can改为should 考查虚拟语气 三、语篇改错 语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。‎ ‎4.but改为and 考查连词 ‎6.your改为our 考查代词和逻辑关系 ‎9.thought改为think 考查时态 Correction 3‎ The teenage  from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and  years in my life. At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by . However, my parents didn’t seem to think . They always  me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t ‎ understand me so I hoped I could be  from them. I showed them I was independent by  strange clothes. Now I am leaving home  college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever  need help.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一处：year改为years。考查名词复数。13至19岁不止一年的年龄差，此处为复数概念，故用years。‎ 第二处：worse改为worst。考查形容词最高级。句中有表示范围的in my life，同时应与前面的best保持一致。‎ 第六处：tell改为told。考查语篇中时态的一致性。全文中心时态为一般过去时，故应将tell改为told。‎ 第七处：freely改为free。考查形容词的句法功能。系动词be后应为形容词作表语。‎ 第八处：wear改为wearing。考查动名词作宾语。介词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。‎ 第九处：to改为for。考查固定搭配。leave...for...表示＂离开某地去某地＂。‎ 第十处：whenever后加I。考查句子结构。whenever为时间状语从句连词，其在此引导的从句缺了主语，根据句意可知，此处应加主语I。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 改错中动词、连词以及上下文语境也是出题者经常会考虑的出题知识点，其解题方法如下：‎ ‎1.动词错误的发现与解决 英语中有许多的短语动词，是很难从字面上判断其意义的。其中与介词构成短语的动词是最常见的。我们在分析题目的时候，发现有动宾搭配的时候，应该考虑该动词是否是一个短语动词，并进而分析构成该短语动词的介词有无遗漏。对于短语动词的熟悉是一个长期积累的过程，需要随时总结与记忆。以下是考试中常见到的短语动词：‎ account for；  add up to；  back up；  break down；  break away from；  bleak out；  break up；  break in；  break off；  bring about；  bring up；  bring out；  bring down；  build up；  call off；  call for；  call on；  carry out；  check in；  clear up；  come off；  come around；  count on；  cut down；  cut off；  do away ‎ with；  dwell on；  fall back on；  fall out；  get over；  get out of；  get at；  give out；  give up；  give off；  hang on；  hold back；  keep back from；  keep up with；  lay off；  lay down；  live up to；  look into；  look forward to；  look over；  make up；  make out；  pass away；  put up with；  role out；  run out of；  set about；  take over；  take up；  take in；  take off；  turn up；  turn out；  work out 等。‎ 还有一种常考的动词的用法就是语态。在所分析的文字中包含谓语动词，那么应该分析是否是这方面的问题。其中应该重点分析主语与谓语动词的关系是主动还是被动。‎ ‎2．连接词错误的发现与解决 例： However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners．‎ 本题所考查的就是比较连接词的用法。从前文的more我们就可以看出，下文的as是不恰当的，正确的答案应是比较连接词than。一般来说，比较连接词所考查的重点集中在as与than的用法上。句意中是否还有比较意义是很容易辨别的，我们一旦觉察到句子有比较的意思，就应考虑是否是as与than的用法混淆。‎ 此外定语从句的连接词也是要特别注意的。我们看 2000年6月的第74题：Instead，this other person told us a story，it he said was quite well known．在这里，句子的后半段很明显是一个非限制性的定语从句，所以应将it改为which.非限制性的定语从句的连接词在近几年的考试中反复出现，应该引起我们的重视。解决此类问题的方法是，凡是发现有复合句的分析对象，首先就要考虑从句的连接词。首先看是否有连接词，其次看连接词是否正确，尤其是which与 that的不同应用。‎ ‎3．语言环境类错误的发现与解决 从历年的考题来看，语言环境类的错误是最有章可循的。这类错误一般是一行中的关键词与上下文所体现出来的意思完全相反。此类题的解决也较简单，那就是将不符合文意的词改为它的反义词即可。如第54题就是属于语境错误。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为myself。‎ Correction 4‎ It is Mother’s Day today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.‎ Mom has a full-time job,  she has to do most of the  . She is a great mother. Both Dad  I planned to do something on Mother’s Day. We  up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in  hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in  kitchen. The dishes /  I cooked were Mom’s  . At dinner, we said to her, ＂Happy Mother’s Day!＂ Mom was grateful and  .‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一处：so→but。母亲有一份全职工作,但是她还要做大部分的家务活。根据语境可知，前后分句间为转折关系，所以用连词but。‎ 第二处： houseworks→housework。housework为不可数名词，没有复数形式。‎ 第三处：or→and。both...and...是固定用法，故用and。‎ 第八处：what→that/which或去掉what。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为The dishes，关系词在从句中作动词cooked的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导，关系代词在从句中作宾语时也可以省略。‎ 第九处：favoritest→favorite。favorite作名词时，意为＂特别喜爱的东西＂，该词作形容词时没有比较级和最高级。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词favorite。‎ 第十处：moving→moved。母亲既感激又感动。moved修饰人，moving修饰物，根据主语为Mom可知，要用moved。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 表示情感的现在分词和过去分词 surprising令人惊讶的，surprised感到惊讶 frightening令人害怕的， frightened感到害怕 ‎ moving令人感动的， moved 感动 exciting 令人兴奋的，excited 感到兴奋 boring令人厌烦的， bored感到厌烦 annoying令人烦恼的，annoyed感到烦恼的 现在分词的主语通常指事物；过去分词的主语通常指人。比如第10小题moving→moved 句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving改为moved。‎ 题组三 ‎ ‎ Correction 1‎ Last Friday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to  dough figurine(面人).When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him warm welcome and two boy helped him with the tool box. First, he  us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him  watched attentively. Then we started to have a try . The old man walked around and helped us . Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking  the figurines, we were all very . We hope we can have more  of this kind!‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一处：句意：上星期五，我们班邀请了一位老艺人教我们如何做面人。此处不应该是“被邀请”，不能用被动语态。故去掉was。‎ 第二处：句意：上星期五，我们班邀请了一位老艺人教我们如何做面人。teach sb. how to do sth.是固定搭配，指“教给某人做某事”。故making改为make。‎ 第六处：句子的主语是we，所以此处指“我们自己尝试”。故itself改为ourselves。‎ 第七处：修饰谓语动词helped要用副词，指“耐心地帮助我们”。故patient改为patiently。‎ 第八处：look at是固定搭配。故on改为at。‎ 第九处：此处指“我们非常兴奋”，表示内心的感觉用-ed结尾的形容词。故exciting改为excited。‎ 第十处：句意：我们希望我们能有更多的这种活动！此处应该用名词的复数形式。故activity改为activities。‎ ‎ Correction 2‎ I always dream life in the future. What will it be like?‎ Perhaps some people will go to the moon for holiday, and some people may live under the sea in space. Besides, probably there’ll be more educational on the Internet. And therefore, students will be able to study at home instead of  to school every day. What’s more, maybe in the future each family will have a robot,  will be able to do whatever it  told to, such as going shopping, doing housework and so on.‎ With the breakthrough of technology, I believe that  life will certainly become easier,  and more colorful.‎ ‎ 【答案解析】‎ 第一处：dream后加about或of。考查动词短语。dream of/ about…是固定短语，表示“梦想；渴望”。‎ 第二处：the改为a。考查冠词。此处表示泛指度假，故将the改为a。‎ 第三处：and改为or。考查连词。under the sea与in the space是选择关系，故将and改为or。‎ 第四处：program改为programs。考查名词。此处program是可数名词，表示泛指，应用复数形式，故将program改为programs。‎ 第八处：去掉going后的to。考查短语。go shopping是固定短语，表示“去购物”，故去掉to。‎ 第九处：their改为our。考查代词。结合语境，该句应表示“我认为我们的生活会更方便”，故将their改为our。‎ 第十处：happy改为happier。考查比较级。happy与easier、more colorful并列，都应用比较级形式，故将happy改为happier。‎ Correction 3‎ I was riding in a taxi to the bus station   from there I was supposed to   a bus to New York City. It was going to be  long journey. I had been packed some chocolates in my suitcase to eat   the way. When the ride was over, I paid the driver the due amount and gave him a tip. He got my suitcase out. I took   and started walking away. However, I realized that it was one of the   to perform an act of kindness. I   to give away all the chocolates to the driver. After all, he had served me even though it was just his job. I gave them away and saw the   smile light up his face,   made me feel my heart filled with happiness.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】作者乘出租车去公共汽车站。到站后，作者将准备好自己路上吃的巧克力全部送给了出租车司机。作者为自己这样的善意行为感到开心。‎ 第一处：but改为so或and。　考查并列连词。此处前后两句是因果或顺承关系，故用so/and。‎ 第二处：taking改为take。　考查动词短语。be supposed to do sth.是固定结构，表示“理应做某事”。‎ 第三处：be后加a。　考查冠词。名词journey是可数名词，该处泛指“一个很长的旅途”，应用不定冠词a。‎ 第四处：去掉have后的been。 考查语态。pack是及物动词，其后有宾语chocolates，故应用主动语态，去掉been。‎ 第八处：want改为wanted。  考查时态。全文整体时态是一般过去时，故此处应用一般过去时。‎ 第九处：brightly改为bright。 考查形容词。名词smile应用形容词作定语修饰，故将brightly改为bright。‎ 第十处：what改为which。  考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容应用关系代词which。Zx/xk Correction 4‎ There are four seasons in a year and each is unique. However, autumn is the one I like best. Below are the  why I have a preference for ‎ It seems to me  autumn is the most grand and impressive season in a year. First of all, neither can I suffer summer's heat,  can I go through winter's coldness at this time. In addition, it is acknowledged that autumn is symbol of harvest. The smile from farmers, who are getting a good harvest, always  me happy. What is the most important is that autumn also  leaves of bushes and trees  turn red, gold or orange. What a colorful world it is!‎ That's why I like autumn .‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本文讲述的是作者最喜欢的季节是秋天的原因。‎ 第一处：第三句话中的reason改为reasons。考查名词。根据下文可知作者列举了三条喜爱秋天的原因，故reason应该用复数形式。‎ 第二处：第三句话中的them改为it。考查代词。句意：下面是我偏爱秋天的原因。根据上文可知此处应用it代指秋天，而不是them。‎ 第三处：第二段第一句话中的what改为that。考查名词性从句。句中it为形式主语，真正主语为后面的autumn is the most grand and impressive season in a year，该主语从句意思和结构完整，应用that引导，且不可省略。‎ 第六处：第二段第三句话中的symbol前加the。考查冠词。根据句意可知此处应用定冠词the表示特指。‎ 第七处：第二段第四句话中的making改为makes。考查动词时态。根据句子结构可知make在句中作谓语动词，且为一般客观事实，结合句意可知make应用一般现在时的主动语态；主语the smile为第三人称单数，故用makes。‎ 第八处：第二段第五句话中的see改为sees。考查主谓一致。主语autumn为第三人称单数，故谓语动词see应用sees的形式。‎ 第九处：第二段第五句话中的to去掉。考查非谓语动词。句意：最重要的是，秋天也会目睹灌木和树的叶子变成红色、金色或橙色。根据句意可知leaves与become之间为主动关系，故应用become作see的宾语补足语。‎ 第十处：第三段中的better改为best。考查副词的最高级。根据上文可知此处表示“这就是我最喜欢秋天的原因”，故应用最高级best。‎ ‎ ‎