考点19+情态动词-高考全攻略之备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过

考点19+情态动词-高考全攻略之备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过

考点19 情态动词 高考频度：★★★★★‎ ‎【命题解读】‎ 高考研究英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；尤其要注意＂情态动词+完成式＂是高考中的重点所在。‎ ‎【命题预测】‎ 情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单独命题区的单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。考点依次是：推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。‎ ‎【复习建议】 ‎ ‎1. 真实的语境中对情态动词的理解和把握；‎ ‎2. 掌握情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；‎ ‎3. 掌握情态动词表达＂情感、态度、语气等＂方面的用法。‎ 考向一　can，could与be able to的用法 ‎1．表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。‎ ‎☞Many people can use the computer.‎ 许多人会用电脑。‎ ‎☞If you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem.‎ 如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。‎ ‎☞I could have worked out the problem，but I was too nervous.‎ 我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。‎ ‎2．can/could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。‎ ‎☞How can you treat me like that?‎ 你怎么能那样对我？‎ ‎3．can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为＂能，可以＂。‎ ‎☞Can I have a word with you? It won’t take long.(表示请求)我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。‎ ‎【易混辨析】‎ can和be able to 用法上的区别 ‎1. can只有两种时态，即can 和could；而be able to 有多种时态，如was/were able to，will/shall be able to，have/has been able to等。‎ I’ll be able to drive the car in a week. ‎ Through his diligent work, the deaf-mute has been able to read and write in a sign language. ‎ ‎2. 表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事要用be able to，而不能用can。‎ I was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over. ‎ can 和be able to 都可以表示能力。can泛指一般的能力；be able to则主要指具体做到了某件事的能力，其形式主要是靠be 发生变化，所以形式比can 多。‎ ‎3. can能表猜测，be able to不能。can的这种用法主要用于疑问句和否定句。其肯定形式是must be。 ‎ Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be? ‎ It can’t be our teacher who is knocking at the door.‎ ‎4. can 可以表 ＂允许＂，与may可以互换，此时不能用be able to 代替。‎ ‎—Can / May I sit here?‎ ‎—Yes, please.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. (2018·北京卷·单项填空) In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.‎ A. need B. should C. can D. must ‎【参考答案】C ‎2. (2017·北京卷·单项填空)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A. must B. should ‎ C. can D. need ‎【参考答案】C　‎ 考向二　may与might的用法 ‎1．表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t，表示＂不可以＂＂禁止＂＂阻止＂之意。‎ ‎☞—May I play basketball this afternoon?‎ ‎—No，you mustn’t.‎ ‎——今天下午我可以打篮球吗？‎ ‎——不，不行。‎ ‎2．＂may/might as well＋动词原形＂意为＂最好，倒不如＂，may/ might well＋动词原形，意为＂很可能＂。‎ ‎☞He may/ might well stay in Beijing now.‎ 他现在很可能呆在北京。‎ ‎☞If you think the price of beef is too high，you might as well buy some pork.It depends on you.‎ 如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。‎ might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。‎ He might not come today. 今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) ‎ You might also get a headache when you work too hard. 当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛。‎ You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.‎ A. should B. need C. shall D. may ‎【参考答案】D 考向三　must与need的用法 ‎1．must用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。‎ ‎☞You mustn’t play with the knife，or you may hurt yourself.你千万不要玩刀，否则会伤到自己。‎ ‎2．must表示必要性，意为＂必须＂。‎ ‎☞Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things.‎ 发展一定会促成一种更好的生活，更好的做事情的方法。‎ ‎3．must表示偏执、固执，意为＂非得，偏要＂。‎ ‎☞If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.‎ 如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。‎ ‎①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用don’t have to或needn’t。而不用mustn’t。 ‎ ‎—Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？‎ ‎—No, you don’t have to/ needn’t. 不，你不必。‎ ‎②can和must在表推测时，can一般用于否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。‎ It can not be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。 ‎ It must be Li Lei. 那个人肯定是李磊。‎ ‎【易混辨析】‎ must和have to ‎ ‎1. 表示必须、必要。‎ 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t/don’t have to（不必）. ‎ ‎—Must we hand in our exercise books today? ‎ ‎—Yes, you must. ‎ ‎—No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. ‎ ‎2. must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to有更多的时态形式。 ‎ The play isn’t interesting, I really must go now. ‎ I had to work when I was your age. ‎ ‎3. 表示推测、可能性，只用于肯定的陈述句。 ‎ You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. ‎ Your mother must be waiting for you now.‎ ‎4. need 的用法：‎ ‎（1）情态动词，＂需要，有必要 ＂，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。‎ You needn’t come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必来。‎ ‎（2）行为动词，＂需要, 有必要＂，可以用于各种句式中。‎ You don’t need to go now. 你不必现在就走。‎ I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下。‎ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？‎ ‎【巧学妙记】‎ need的用法助记口诀 实义动词表＂需要＂，后接名、代、不定式。‎ need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。‎ 情态动词表＂需要＂，没有人称、数之变。‎ 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。‎ ‎【易混辨析】‎ dare和need ‎ ‎1. dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。 ‎ How dare you say I’m unfair? ‎ He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he? ‎ If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers. ‎ ‎2. need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,‎ ‎ should代替。 You needn’t come so early. ‎ ‎—Need I finish the work today? ‎ ‎—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. ‎ ‎3. dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 ‎ I dare to swim across this river. ‎ He doesn’t dare (to) answer. ‎ He needs to finish his homework today.‎ ‎1.—Can’t you stay a little longer?‎ ‎—It’s getting late. I really _________go now, My daughter is home alone.‎ A .may B .can C . must D .dare ‎ ‎【参考答案】C ‎2.You __________be careful with the camera. It costs!‎ A .must B. may C. can D. will ‎【参考答案】A ‎【答案解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，可推断此处是说，你一定要非常小心对待照相机。故选A 。may可能；can能够，有时会；will会，愿意。‎ 考向四　will与would的用法 ‎1．表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。‎ ‎☞Would you mind opening the window for me?‎ 请你给我打开窗户好吗？‎ ‎2．will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。‎ ‎☞I will never talk to him again. ‎ 我再也不愿意和他说话了。‎ ‎3．will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有＂总是＂或＂总要＂之意。‎ Fish will die without water.没有水，鱼会死去。‎ ‎1. (2018·新课标II卷·短文改错) As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not to let me.‎ 考向五　shall，should与ought to的用法 ‎1．shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。‎ ‎☞Shall we begin our new lesson today?‎ 我们今天开始上新课好吗？‎ ‎2．shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。‎ ‎☞You shall be punished for what you have done.‎ 你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。‎ ‎3．should表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。‎ ‎☞You should be strict with yourself as an officer.‎ 作为一名官员，你应该严格要求自己。‎ ‎4．ought to表示应该。‎ ‎☞You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.‎ 这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。‎ ‎5．shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的＂应该＂。‎ Whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 yuan.不论谁驾车闯红灯，罚款至少200元。‎ ‎【易混辨析】‎ should, ought to ‎ ‎1. should, ought to表示＂应该＂，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 ‎ I should help her because she is in trouble. ‎ You ought to take care of the baby. ‎ ‎2. 表示劝告、建议和命令。should、ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 ‎ You should / ought to go to class right away. ‎ Should I open the window? ‎ ‎3. 表示推测，should、ought to (客观推测)，must(主观推测)。 ‎ He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) ‎ He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) ‎ This is where the oil must be.(直爽) ‎ This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)‎ 考向六　情态动词表推测的用法 ‎1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为＂有时会＂；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为＂可能＂，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can’t意为＂不可能＂，语气很强烈。‎ ‎☞As we all know，an experienced teacher can make mistakes.‎ 众所周知，一位有经验的老师也会犯错。‎ ‎☞He can’t have left. His coat is here.‎ 他不可能已经走了。他的外套还在这里。‎ ‎☞Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting？布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？‎ ‎2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为＂有可能＂；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为＂可能不＂，表示一种不太确定的语气。‎ ‎☞—What are you doing this Saturday?‎ ‎—I’m not sure，but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.‎ ‎——本周六你打算干什么？‎ ‎——还说不定，但我可能会去滚石音乐会。‎ ‎3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为＂一定，必定＂，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。‎ ‎☞Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.‎ 昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。‎ ‎4．should用来表示推测时意为＂应该＂，即含有＂按道理来说应当如此＂的意思。‎ ‎☞There shouldn’t be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot ‎ in the driving school.‎ 因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。‎ 考向七　＂情态动词＋have done＂的用法 情态动词＋have done 用法 must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done can/could have done ‎(1)本来能够做但却未做 ‎(2)可能做过某事 can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事 may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事 should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了 needn’t have done 做了本没有必要做的事情 ‎1.＂must have done＂‎ ‎☞表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。 ‎ ‎☞It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。‎ ‎☞You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。‎ ‎2.＂can’t have done＂‎ 表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。‎ ‎☞Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。‎ ‎☞Mary can’t have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。‎ ‎3.＂can have done＂‎ ‎☞表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。‎ ‎☞There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？‎ ‎☞There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？‎ ‎4.＂could have done＂‎ 是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。‎ ‎☞He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。‎ ‎5.＂may have done＂‎ 表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。 ‎ ‎☞—What has happened to George? 乔治发生了什么事？‎ ‎—I don’t know. He may have got lost. 我不知道，他可能迷路了。‎ ‎6.＂might have done＂‎ 表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 ‎ ‎☞She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。‎ ‎7.＂would have done＂‎ 虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。‎ ‎☞I would have told you all about the boy’s story, but you didn’t ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。‎ ‎8.＂should have done＂‎ 意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。‎ ‎☞Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。‎ ‎☞Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn’t have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本不应该对他如此严厉的。‎ ‎9.＂ought to have done＂‎ 表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂should have done＂用法基本一样。 ‎ ‎☞I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。‎ ‎☞You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。‎ ‎10.＂need have done＂‎ 表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have done＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂‎ ‎☞I needn’t have bought so much wine — only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。‎ ‎☞He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2015·福建卷·单项填空）—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it’s too bad. You _____________ have made full preparations.‎ A. must B. can ‎ C. would D. should ‎【参考答案】D 题组一 基础过关 I. 用适当的情态动词填空 ‎1. Can you help me? I _________ never understand this.‎ ‎2. ___________ you tell me what time it is, please?‎ ‎3. Henry ________ walk when he was one year old.‎ ‎4. We are going for a walk. _________ you like to join us?‎ ‎5. Tom, you ___________ leave your clothes on the floor like this.‎ ‎6. The road is wet. It __________ have rained last night.‎ ‎7. He has waited outside for half an hour. ___________ he come in?‎ ‎8. These flowers have died. You _____________ have watered them.‎ ‎9. __________ she be ten years old next month?‎ ‎10. I ___________ have hurt your feelings but it was not my intention.‎ II. 单项填空 ‎1. You _____________ give me a lift. I want to walk home for exercise.‎ A.needn’t B.couldn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t ‎2. Remember that in some countries, you _____________ take flowers of a certain colour, because they’re unlucky.‎ A.could not B.needn’t C.may not D.mustn’t ‎3. —Being young generations in China, _____________ they take up all of the challenges and opportunities that this country offers?‎ ‎—Absolutely.‎ A. mustn’t B. mightn’t C. shouldn’t D. couldn’t ‎4. —_____________ you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?‎ ‎—Sorry, sir, but it’s an emergency.‎ A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would ‎5. It is said that people _____________ reduce the risk of catching some serious diseases by exercising.‎ A. must B. can C. would D. need ‎6. I was very surprised that that little child _____________ have said such rude words to his parents.‎ A. might B. could C. would D. should ‎7. My phone _____________ have been stolen while I was taking a bus. I can’t find it anywhere.‎ A. can B.must C.should D.would ‎8. You _____________ so much cash with you, you know — that shop accepted checks.‎ A.couldn’t have taken B.wouldn’t have taken ‎ C.shouldn’t have taken D.needn’t have taken ‎9. Without your help, we _____________ our task on time. I cannot thank you enough.‎ A.can’t finish B.couldn’t finish ‎ C.can’t have finished D.couldn’t have finished ‎10. —Bob didn’t pass this exam.‎ ‎—What a pity! He _____________.‎ A. should study hard B. should have studied hard ‎ C. would have studied hard D. could have studied hard 题组二能力提升 用适当的情态动词完成下面短文 Miss Fang couldn’t read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she __1__go to the Health Service and see a doctor.＂You should see a doctor as soon as possible，＂ she said.＂You __2__need glasses.＂‎ When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor __3__see her at 3：30.‎ Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.＂The doctor __4__take you at about ten to four，＂ the appointment clerk suggested.‎ ‎＂__5__I put you down for ten to four，or would you rather come tomorrow？＂‎ Miss Fang thought she __6__(not) waste any more time. The teacher shouldn’t be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied, ＂I think I __7__make it at ten to four.＂‎ Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, ＂__8__I leave at 3：45 today？I __9__have an eye examination.＂ As expected, the teacher said, ＂Yes, of course you __10__.＂‎ 题组三体验真题 ‎1.(2017·天津) My room is a mess, but I ________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ A. daren't B. shouldn't ‎ C. needn't D. mustn't ‎2. (2016·天津) It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t ‎ C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎3.(2016·浙江)George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .‎ A. must have gone B. might have gone ‎ C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone ‎4.（2015 • 重庆）You _________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.‎ A. must B. can C. will D. shall 题组一 基础过关 I. 用适当的情态动词填空 ‎1. can 2. Could/Can 3. could 4. Would 5. mustn’t ‎6. must 7. Shall 8. should 9. Will 10. may II. 单项填空 ‎1. A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你不必让我搭便车。为了锻炼我想走回家。needn’t不必；couldn’t（过去）不能；can’t不能；mustn’t禁止。故选A。‎ ‎2. D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：记住在一些国家，你不能带某些颜色的花，因为它们是不幸运的。这里表示＂禁止＂用mustn’t。could not不能（表示能力）； needn’t不必；may not可能不。故选D。‎ ‎3. C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：作为中国的年轻一代，难道他们不应该接受这个国家提供的所有挑战和机会吗？should表示＂应该＂，故C项正确。‎ ‎4. C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你偏要现在打断吗？难道你没有看见我在打电话吗？——对不起，但是这是紧急事情。Can 能够；Should应该；Must必须，偏要；Would将会。故选C。‎ ‎7. B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：一定是我乘坐公共汽车的时候手机被偷了。我到处都找不到它。can能；must必须；should应该；would将会。must have done过去一定做某事。故选B。‎ ‎8. D 【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——你本不必带这么多现金在身边。你知道那家商店接受支票。couldn’t have taken过去不可能做了；wouldn’t have taken过去不会做而做了；shouldn’t have taken本不应该做某事而做了；needn’t have ‎ taken过去本不必做某事而做了。故选D。‎ ‎9. D 【解析】考查情态动词+完成式的用法。句意：没有你的帮助，我不可能按时完成我们的任务。我再怎么感谢你都不过。对过去事情的否定推测用couldn’t have doneb表示过去不可能做某事。故选D。‎ ‎10. B 【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——Bob没有通过考试。——真遗憾！他本应该努力学习的。should have done意为＂过去本应该做却没有做＂，would have done意为＂过去本来会做却没有做＂；could have done意为＂过去本可能做却没有做＂。故选B。‎ 题组二能力提升 适当的情态动词完成下面短文 ‎1.should　 2.might　 3.could　 4.might　 5.Shall ‎6.shouldn’t　 7.can　 8.May/Can　 9.must　 10.can 题组三 体验真题 ‎1.C　【解析】 考查情态动词。根据“I can do it in the morning.”可知现在没必要打扫房间。故选C项。needn't不必；daren't不敢；shouldn't不应该；mustn't不准，禁止。句意：我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测。‎