专题08 健康饮食类（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题08 健康饮食类（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题08健康饮食类 ‎【话题解读】‎ ‎＂饮食与健康＂是高中英语新课标话题当中非常重要的两个话题，饮食与健康自古以来都是人们所关心的重大问题，尤其是随着社会进步和人们物质生活水平的提高，食物质量和安全问题以及身体健康更是受到了人们空前的关注，因此顺应时代潮流，高考英语对这两个话题更是有所体现。  ‎ ‎ 【高考探究】‎ 由于饮食与健康是热点话题，高考英语中对这两个话题会涉及较多的考查内容，常以阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达的形式出现，例如2017年新课标卷I语言知识运用的第二节（语法填空），2016年四川卷阅读理解D篇，2016年全国卷Ⅲ七选五，2015年广东卷基础写作，2015课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇，2013新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇等。     ‎ ‎【相关词汇】‎ Ⅰ.写作必记单词  ‎ ‎1. benefit n.利益，好处→ beneficial adj.有好处的 ‎ ‎2. burden n.负担  ‎ ‎3. comfortable adj.舒服的，安逸的→ uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的→ comfort n. vt.安慰  ‎ ‎4. harm n. vt.伤害；损伤→ harmful adj.有伤害的→ harmless adj.无害的 ‎ ‎5. hurt vt.伤害，受伤；使痛心 ‎ ‎6. necessary adj.必需的，必要的 ‎ ‎7. pressure n.压迫，压力 ‎ ‎8. reduce vt.减少，缩减 ‎ ‎9. serve vt.招待(顾客等)，服务  ‎ ‎10. strengthen v.增强→ strength n.长处，优势→ strong adj.强壮的 ‎ Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎ 11.abnormal adj. 反常的  ‎ ‎12.acute adj.严重的；(疾病) 急性的 ‎ ‎13.allergic adj. 过敏的 ‎ ‎14.appetite n .食欲，胃口 ‎ ‎15.bacterium n .细菌 ‎ ‎16.bitter adj. 苦的，有苦味的 ‎ ‎17.bleed vi. 出血，流血  ‎ ‎18.depression n .抑郁症→ depress vt.使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷→ depressed adj.抑郁的，沮丧的  ‎ ‎19.digest vt. 消化；领会 ‎【典例剖析】‎ 典例1 ‎ A well-known study in 1979 found that people who socialize with others live longer than people who keep to themselves. A new study shows that socializing online may have health benefits as well.‎ To test the theory, researchers from Harvard, Yale, Northeastern and the University of California at San Diego looked at the Facebook profiles of 12 million people. Then they compared the profiles with the California Department of Public Health records over a two-year period from 2011 to 2013. The researchers found that people with more friends online were less likely to die than similar people who were not so connected. The researchers published their findings in an article titled ＂Online social integration (整合) is associated with reduced mortality (死亡) risk＂ in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.‎ Of all the kinds of Facebook usage, it was getting friend requests rather than sending friend ‎ requests that related to reduced mortality. Similarly, posting photos and being tagged in photos was connected with living longer, but sending messages on Facebook was not. People who were tagged in many photos had the lowest mortality rates in the study.‎ Some diseases had a significant reduction of mortality with Facebook users. Deaths from infections, diabetes, mental illness or dementia, heart disease, strokes, other cardiovascular diseases, liver disease, and homicide were all significantly lower for Facebook users than for non-users. Other causes of death did not show a relation to Facebook usage, including several types of cancer, unintentional injuries, drug overdoses, and suicides.‎ The study did not examine any other social media sites to see if using them lengthened life. Also, two of the researchers worked at Facebook while the study was being conducted. William Hobbes, one of the researchers who was a postdoctoral fellow at Northeastern University, and co-author of the study, worked at Facebook as a research intern (实习生) in 2013. He said that Facebook agreed not to interfere with the research, no matter what the result was. But, he added, researchers ＂were pretty confident that we were going to find this result＂.‎ The researchers were careful to say that their results showed an associative relationship between using Facebook and living longer, not a causal one. In other words, researchers did not prove that using Facebook makes someone live longer. The study simply showed a connection between a longer life and some activities users do on Facebook. The researchers say the findings may be able to help show how online social networks can help improve people’s health on a global scale.‎ ‎1.How did the researchers draw their conclusion?‎ A. By analyzing causes. B. By doing questionnaires.‎ C. By making comparisons. D. By conducting experiments.‎ ‎2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph?‎ A. Social media makes it easier to make friends.‎ B. Not all Facebook usage is connected with a longer life.‎ C. Posting photos may become very popular in the future.‎ D. Using Facebook frequently makes one’s life last longer.‎ ‎3.Facebook usage may reduce the mortality risk of people suffering from ________.‎ A. strokes B. cancer ‎ C. drug abuse D. suicides ‎4.What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A. To report the results of a study.‎ B. To stress the importance of social media.‎ C. To show the healthy way of using Facebook.‎ D. To explain why online interaction has health benefits.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文为说明文。研究表明，参加网络社交活动可能会延长人的寿命，对人类的健康也有诸多好处。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容尤其是＂it was getting friend requests rather than sending friend requests that related to reduced mortality. Similarly, posting photos and being tagged in photos was connected with living longer, but sending messages on Facebook was not...＂可知，与降低死亡风险有关的是收到好友请求而不是发送好友请求；与延长人的寿命有关的是张贴照片而不是发送信息。由此可知，并不是所有的Facebook运用都与寿命的延长有关。故选B。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】考查作者意图。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲的是一项有关参加网络社交活动与人的健康之间的关系的研究的相关内容。故作者写作本文的目的是介绍这一研究的结果。‎ 典例2‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会收到损害。‎ ‎61. as ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示＂做为，以...身份＂，故填as。‎ ‎62. effects ‎ ‎【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是＂一些不为人知的副作用＂，根据前文的some可知＂副作用side effect＂有很多，故填effects。‎ ‎63. to process ‎ ‎【解析】考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物 require表示＂要求＂， require sb. to do sth.表示＂要求某人做某事＂，被动形式为＂sb. be required to do sth.＂，表示＂某人被要求做某事＂。故填to process。‎ ‎64. are removed ‎ ‎65. a ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示＂结果＂，句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。‎ ‎66. worse ‎ ‎【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。‎ ‎67. is ‎ ‎【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是＂快餐＂，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。‎ ‎68. eating ‎ ‎【解析】考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词，所以填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。‎ ‎69. careful ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语，故填careful。‎ ‎70. which ‎ ‎【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both＂摄入过多的脂肪和盐＂。故填which。‎ ‎ ‎