初三英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题

初三英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题

浅谈初中英语虚拟语气的用法 ‎ ‎ 一． 语气的概念  ‎ 英语动词不仅有时态、语态等的变化，而且还有语气的变化。语气和时态、语态一样都是英语的语法现象。 ‎ 从形式上看，语气是动词的一种变化形式。 ‎ 从意义上讲，语气是表示说话人对某一行为或某一事情的看法和态度。根据说话人 的意图，语气可分3种： ‎ ‎⑴直陈语气（又叫陈述语气）—— 用来陈述事实（或提问题）等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句或感叹句。     ‎ ‎⑵祈使语气——用来提出请求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。‎ ‎ ⑶虚拟语气——见下面。 ‎ 语气和时态是截然不同的概念，但语气要通过动词的时态形式表示出来。  ‎ 二．虚拟语气       ‎ ㈠概念  通常是表示说话人所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种纯粹的假设、虚拟、主观愿望或建议等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句等。 ‎ ‎ ㈡动词形式   虚拟语气的动词形式大多数情况是用动词（相应）的过去时（相对直陈语气而言）。动词be若用过去式时可以一律用were。 ‎ ‎  ㈢应用  ‎ ‎          ⑴在含有条件状语从句的复合句中的应用。表示纯粹的假设，或可能性很小的情 况。主从句的谓语动词主要形式如下： ‎ 从句 ‎ 主句 对现在或将来的情况假设时 ‎ 过去式 ‎ ‎ would + 动词原形 ‎ 对过去的情况假设时 had + done（过去完成时） ‎ would + have + done ‎ ‎ ‎ 例：1）If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie. ‎ ‎2）What would you do if you had a million dollars ? ‎ ‎ 3）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. ‎ ‎ 4）If he hadn’t been strict with himself, he wouldn’t have made such progress.          ‎ ‎  ⑵在wish等宾语从句中的应用。表示纯粹的主观愿望，不可能实现的，或实现的可能性极小的情况。宾语从句谓语动词根据具体情况常可用一般过去时，过去将来时或过去完成时等。‎ 例如： 1）I wish that I could help him now.  ‎ 我现在要是能帮上他该多好啊！或我多么希望现在能帮上他！（言下之意：我现在帮不上他，没能力帮助他） ‎ ‎         2）I wish I could come here tomorrow.                   ‎ ‎ 明天我要是能来这儿就好了！（言下之意：我明天根本不可能来这儿，或我明天能来这儿的可能性很小） ‎ ‎         3）We wish he hadn’t gone. 他要是没有走该多好啊！‎ ‎ ⑶用在suggest等的宾语从句中，表是纯粹的建议。 ‎ 句型为：suggest(ed) that … (should) + 动词原形… （should可省略）‎ ‎ 1）He suggests that we  (should) visit the museum. ‎ ‎2) We suggested that he _____ here every day. ‎ ‎   A. come  B. comes  C. came   D. can come   E. could come ‎ 虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 ‎1.省掉if的条件从句结构：‎ Had you asked me, I would have told you.    (=If you had asked me,…)‎ ‎2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：‎ A true friend would not do such a thing.‎ ‎(=If he were a true friend, he...)‎ ‎(=If there were no water,…)‎ ‎(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)‎ 4‎ ‎ 例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]  （=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）  Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来]  (=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)  I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]  (=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..) ‎ ‎3.     有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：‎ If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.‎ If I were you, I would have gone home.‎ 五、虚拟语气的其他用法 ‎1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：‎ suggest, advise, recommend, demand,‎ require, insist, urge, request, order,       +that…(should )+动词原形 devide, ask, move, propose等 注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。‎ He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.‎ 上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。‎ He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.‎ 如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。‎ He insists that he is right.‎ ‎2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：‎ imperative, advisable,   动词完成式 It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that…(should) +‎ essential, strange,等动词原形      ‎ It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.‎ It is right that you should have done your homework.‎ ‎3、wish的用法 动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反 主语+wish(that)+主语 +   动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反 助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反 I wish I were a pop singer.    (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)‎ I wish I had never stopped teaching.   (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)‎ I wish they’d let us get some sleep.‎ 注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：‎ ‎（1） We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)‎ ‎（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)‎ ‎4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：‎ ‎   He acts as if nothing had happened.‎ I would rather you didn’t tell him.‎ ‎5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：‎ It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.‎ It’s high time (that) we took some action.‎ ‎                         ‎ 4‎ 虚拟语气专项练习题 ‎(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.‎ ‎      A. be     B. was    C. were    D. am ‎(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they____speak with French accents.‎ ‎    A. don't    B. will not    C. mustn't    D. wouldn't ‎(3) _____today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?‎ ‎     A. Were we leaving        B. If we leave ‎      C. Would we leave          D. Were we to leave ‎(4). If Jone____tomorrow, what would you do?‎ ‎    A. were not to come         B. will not come  C. would not come      D. had not come ‎(5). “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”‎ ‎“You mean to say_____, you would've helped her ?”‎ ‎   A. if she asked you        B. if she were to ask you ‎  C.had she asked you       C. were she to ask you ‎(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them_____.‎ ‎       A. might have died   B. might die   C. would die D. could die ‎(7). If they had known him, _____to him?‎ ‎      A. would they have talked       B. would they talk ‎     C.had they talked              D. they would talk ‎(8). If I lived in the city, I ____travel in croweded buses, but I_____to see lots of  films.‎ ‎       A. shall have to/shall be able     B. shall have to/am able ‎       C. would have to/were able      D. would have to/would be able ‎(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I_____time.‎ ‎      A. had had    B. have had   C. had    D. would have had ‎(10). _____I know it, I would have told you. A. Have    B. If    C. Had    D. Having ‎(11). _____your help, I would not have succeeded.‎ ‎      A. Because    B. Because of     C. But    D. But for ‎(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”‎ ‎“Only that if he____ a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”‎ ‎      A. did not become           B. had not become ‎      C. does not become         D. has not become ‎(13). “Why didn't you help him?”‎ ‎“I would have____ I didn't have the money.” A. still    B. but     C. otherwise     D. or ‎(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.”‎ ‎   “I suggest Wang Hong_____.”‎ ‎    A. goes     B. would go    C. go    D. went ‎(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we_____television on week nights.‎ ‎      A. not watch               B. must not to watch ‎   C. not be watching      D. have not watch ‎(16). I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I____.   A. can     B. could    C. had     D. speak ‎(17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?’‎ ‎“Yes, very much. I wish I_____ have to leave so soon.”‎ ‎    A. won't     B. don't    C. mustn't    D. didn't ‎(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”‎ ‎“I don't know, but it's about time _____on something.”‎ ‎      A. I'm deciding   B. I'll decide C. I decided   D. I'd decided ‎(19). I'd rather you_____ anything about it for the time being.‎ ‎    A. say     B. didn't say   C. don't say    D. not say ‎(20). “Why do you have to be there at six?”‎ ‎   “The teacher demands that everyone _____in his seat at six.”‎ ‎     A. would be    B. can be     C. be    D. will be ‎(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he_____it.‎ ‎    A. forgets    B. forget    C. will forget    D. will not forget ‎(22). “how does the librarian act?”‎ ‎“He acts as if he _____a walking dictionary.”  A. were    B. be     C. is     D. has been ‎(23). There is a law that drunken drivers_____ severely punished.‎ ‎       A. were       B. are     C. be    D. will be 4‎ ‎(24). I wish you ______interrupt when I'm talking on the phone.‎ ‎      A. will not    B. would not   C. do not   D. did not ‎(25). Henry talks to his dog as if it ____ him.‎ ‎      A. understands   B. understood   C. understand   D. would understand ‎(26). Jeff looked as if he _____a ghost.  A. saw   B. has seen    C. had seen   D. would see ‎(27). Give her my best regards, ________.‎ ‎      A. should you see her today       B. if you saw her today ‎      C. if you would see her today      D. should you have seen her today ‎(28). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting______postponed for a week.‎ ‎     A. had been    B. would be    C. was    D. should be ‎(29). It is highly desirable that every effort______to reduce pollution in Bei jing.‎ ‎     A. was made   B. be made    C. will be made    D. would be made ‎(30). The manager would rather that his wife_____work in the same office as he dose.‎ ‎     A. does not     B. did not    C. would not    D. will not ‎(31). The teacher insisted that we all___ back by two o'clock.‎ ‎     A. be      B. to be      C. would be      D. shall be ‎(32). I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I ____there.‎ ‎     A. went      B. was     C. were      D.had been ‎(33). It is high time we____drug trafficking.(贩毒)‎ ‎     A. did away with           B. do away with  C. did away       D. should do away with ‎( ) 1. If my father ______ here now, he ______ tell me what to do.‎ A. were, would B. were, will C. is, will ‎( ) 2. He ____ learn quickly if he ____ harder. ‎ A. would, worked B. will, works C. will, will work ‎( ) 3. If I ___much money, I ___buy a big house. ‎ ‎ A. were, would B. had, will C. had, would ‎( ) 4. I _____ talk that way if I were peter. ‎ ‎ A. didn't B. wouldn’t C. won’t ‎( ) 5. If I _________ you, I’d wear a shirt and tie.‎ A. were B. was C. are D. is ‎ ‎( ) 6. What_________ you do if you won a million dollars?‎ A. will B. would C. shall D. should ‎( ) 7. If I were a bird, I _________ fly freely in the sky.‎ A. will B. would C. would have D. were going to ‎( ) 8. If he __ ___ here, that’s very good.‎ A. is         B. was      C. were      D. has been ‎ ‎                ‎ ‎、虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案 ‎（1）C   (2) D (3) D (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) D (9) A (10) C ‎(11) D (12) B (13) B (14) C (15) A (16) B (17) D (18) C (19) B ‎(20) C (21) B (22) A (23) C (24) B (25) B (26) C (27) A (28) D ‎(29) B   (30) B (31) A    (32) D    (33) A 4‎