高考阅读理解解题技巧篇章结构题

高考阅读理解解题技巧篇章结构题

高考阅读理解篇章结构题解题指导 ‎《考试大纲》中提出的理解文章的基本结构的要求，在高考试题中往往通过篇章结构题来考查。‎ 一、题型特点与命题方式 篇章结构题是近几年来出现的主要考查议论文结构的命题新方式，且逐步得到语言教育专家们的认可，并逐步推广到对其它文体结构的考查。分析这一类的题我们可以看出：对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，二是按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章的结构。‎ 常见提问方式：‎ How is the passage organized?‎ Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?‎ The author develops the passage mainly by….‎ 二、解题思路与应试技巧 ‎ 考生要学会把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法。英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。‎ ‎【考例1】‎ ‎（2008北京卷，E篇）75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?‎ ‎【解析】B ‎。文章第一段点明节食产品在误导人们；第二段说明节食产品对人们心理上的影响；第三段说明节食产品误导人们认为不费劲就可以减肥；第四段说明节食产品的危害；第五段说明人们应该慎重对待节食产品，故从文章结构上看应该是B项正确。‎ ‎ 【考例2】‎ ‎（2008重庆卷，C篇） 67. The author develops the passage mainly by________.‎ ‎ A. providing typical examples ‎ B. following the natural time order ‎ C. comparing opinions from different fields ‎ D. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects ‎【解析】D。通读全文可知，作者是采用展示原因和分析结果的方法进行的写作。‎ ‎【考例3】‎ ‎ （2011重庆卷，C篇）‎ Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. ‎ In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. ‎ Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?‎ Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. ‎ ‎66. How does the passage mainly develop?‎ A. By providing examples. B. By making comparisons. ‎ C. By following the order of time. D. By following the order of importance. ‎ ‎【解析】C。 通读全文可知文章内容是按时间顺序来安排的。‎