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2018届二轮复习冠词、介词和代词在短文语法填空中的考查课件(43张)
语法填空 2018 届二轮复习 无提示词填空 冠词、介词和代词 1 技能突破 3 随堂训练 2 走出误区 4 复习练案 技 能 突 破 技法 1 :冠词简约不简单,特指泛指需分辨 冠词虽少,只有三个 (a /an/ the) ,但却是全国卷语法填空几乎每年必考的语言知识点之一。 (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅰ )The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed , _____________________other is with mum - she never suspects. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子成分 → 句子缺少冠词 ② 根据固定搭配 “ one...the other” 得知答案 尝试解答: ________ the [ 技法解读 ] 1 . 不定冠词的用法 (1) 在单数可数名词前, 表示 泛指, 要想到 用不定冠词。 It is said that a class of 200 students attended the lecture on the nature of human beings. 据说一个有着 200 个学生的班级参加了这个关于人类天性的讲座。 (2) 表示 一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个, 要想到 用不定冠词。 A doctor is a person who saves people's lives. 医生就是拯救人们生命的人。 (3) 表示 第一次提到某人或某物, 要想到 用不定冠词。 I went to a nearby restaurant , but the service there was terrible. 我去了附近一家饭店,但那儿的服务很糟糕。 (4) 在序数词前, 表示 “ 又一,再一 ” , 要想到 用不定冠词。 In Guangdong Province , it is common for a building to lack a fourth floor. 在广东省,楼房没有 4 楼是常见的事。 (5) 在专有名词前 表示 泛指, 要想到 用不定冠词。 He wants to become a Shakespeare of the day. 他想成为当代的莎士比亚。 (6) 在抽象名词前, 表示 “ 一个 …… 的人或一件 …… 的事 ” , 要想到 用不定冠词。 If you want to improve your working efficiency , it will be a must for you to make the most of your time 如果你想提高你的工作效率,充分利用时间是一件必须要做的事。 (7) 在某些固定结构中, 要想到 用不定冠词。 have a rest( 休息 ) , have a break( 休息 ) , take a walk( 散 步 ) , have a look( 看一看 ) , in a moment( 立刻 ) , in a minute( 马上 ) , once upon a time( 曾经 ) , twice a month ( 一月两次 ) , a type of( 一类 ) , a pile of( 一堆 ) , a great amount of( 大量的 ) , as a rule( 通常 ) , in a hurry( 立刻 ) , in a word( 总之 ) , in a short while( 不久 ) , have a good knowledge of( 熟知 ) 等。 2 . 定冠词的用法 (1) 在世界上独一无二的事物、西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前 要想到 用定冠词。 The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school. 这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴,经常放学后演奏。 (2) 谈话双方都知道的人或物以及上文已经提到的表示人或物的名词前要想到用定冠词。 A total of 25 temporary shelters for the farmers have been established in the flooded area so far. 到目前为止,共有 25 个临时庇护所已经在洪灾地区为农民建立起来了。 (3) 序数词和形容词最高级前 要想到 用定冠词。 As is known to all , China is the biggest developing country in the world. 众所周知,中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 (4) 某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人, 要想到 用定冠词。 As far as I know , the Greens are going to move to Beijing. 据我所知,格林一家要搬到北京去。 (5) 用在逢十的复数数词前,表示年代,也指人的大约岁数。 The old man in our neighborhood is in the seventies. 在我们小区的这位老人大约七十几岁。 ① (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅱ )Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while , exercising , or doing something you enjoy. ② (2015 · 全国卷 Ⅱ )The adobe dwellings( 土坯房 )built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers. ③ (2015 · 广东高考 )Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned ________ farm , which looked almost abandoned. a the a ④ (2014 · 全国卷 Ⅰ )Now , years later , this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental clean up. ⑤ (2014 · 广东高考 )She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ________ top floor. the the 技法 2 :介词用法不算难,固定搭配记心间 介词表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系,在句中不能单独作句子成分。高考语法填空常常考查介词搭配,因此牢记介词搭配是解题的捷径。 (2015 · 全国卷 Ⅰ )For those who fly to Guilin , it's only an hour away______________car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子成分 → 空格后是名词 → 该结构作状语 ② 根据固定搭配 by car → 介词和名词的搭配 尝试解答: ________ by [ 技法解读 ] 1 . 常用介词用法 (1)at 主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点、以 …… 速度、以 …… 价格。 常用固定搭配: at the doctor's 在医务窒, at home 在家, at school 在学校, at one time 曾经, at the beginning of 在 …… 开始, at the airport 在机场, at the weekend 在周末, at the age of 25 在 25 岁时, at the same time 同时, at present 目前, at the end of 在 …… 末尾, at the speed of 以 …… 速度, at a low price 以低廉的价格。 (2) to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。 常用固定搭配: to one's surprise /joy 令某人惊讶 / 高兴的是, key /answer to... …… 的关键 / 答案, add up to 总计, thanks to 多亏了, stick to 坚持, refer to 提到,参考, be harmful to 对 …… 有害, be connected to 和 …… 有关系。 (3)in( 表示时间 ) 在 ( 年、月、季节、泛指上下午、晚上 ) ; ( 表示地点 ) 在 …… 里; ( 表示语言、材料 ) 用; ( 表示穿戴的状态 ) 穿着,戴着。 常用固定搭配: in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代, in the evening 在晚上, in ink 用墨水, in pencil 用铅笔, in need of 需要, in progress 在进行, in operation 在运行中, in use 开始使用, in sight 看得见, in charge of 负责, in possession of 拥有, have some trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth . 在 …… 有困难, in memory of 纪念, in favour of 意, in particular 特别地。 (4)on( 表示时间 ) 在 ( 某一天或某天上下午 ) ; ( 表示地点 ) 在 …… 上; ( 表示状态 ) 处于 …… 中。 常用固定搭配: on Tuesday evening 在周二的晚上, on business 办事 / 出差, on holiday/ vacation /leave 在休假, on duty 值勤 / 日, on sale 出售, call on 拜访, pass on 传递, carry on 进行下去, live on sth . 靠 …… 生活, depend on 依靠, have pity on 同情。 (5)beyond( 表示位置 ) 在 …… 另一边,在 …… 更远处; ( 表示程度 ) 超出,非 …… 所能及。 常用固定搭配: beyond belief 难以置信 beyond control 无法控制, beyond description 难以形容, beyond expression 无法表达。 (6)by 主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。 常用固定搭配: by oneself 单独, by hand 用手工, learn...by heart 牢记, by means of 使用, by bicycle /plane/ bus /train/ ship 骑自行车 / 坐飞机 / 坐公共汽车 / 坐火车 / 坐船。 (7)for 主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。 常用固定搭配: leave for 动身去 …… , thank sb.for sth . 因某事而感谢某人, for free 免费, for a few days 几天, exchange...for... 以 …… 交换 …… 。 (8) with 表拥有某物;表示用某种工具或手段;表示原因或理由;表示想法、信念、态度与 …… 一致;随着,和 …… 同时。 常用固定搭配: cut meat with a knife 用刀割肉, jump with joy 高兴得跳起来, vote with sb . 投票赞成某人, increase with years 逐年增加, a country with a long history 一个历史悠久的国家。 2 . 常被误用的介词 be caught in the rain 被雨淋着 ( 不用 by) , leave , for some place 动身去某地 ( 不用 to) , set an example to sb . 为某人树立榜样 ( 不用 for) , in the direction 朝着 …… 方向 ( 不用 to) , do a favor for sb . 帮某人一个忙 ( 不用 to) , different from 和 …… 不同 ( 不用 with) , with the help of 在 …… 的帮助下 ( 不用 under) , steal sth.from sb . 偷某人的东西 ( 不用 of) , read sth.to sb . 给 ( 为 ) …… 读 ( 念 ) …… ( 不用 for) ① (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅱ )Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. ② (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅲ )Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India , for example , most people traditionally eat_______ their hands. ③ (2016 · 四川高考 )The mother continued to care for the young panda ________ more than two years. on with for ④ (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅰ )But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid - 1980s. ⑤ (2015 · 全国卷 Ⅱ )When a new day breaks , the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day ; ________ the same time , they warm up again for the night. to at 技法 3 :代词代指要明确, it 高考很常见 高考语法填空对代词的考查一般有两种形式,一种是给出提示词,一种是根据语境自由填写。 (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅰ )On my recent visit , I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by______________ (it) mother. [ 解题思路 ] ① 首先分析句子成分 → 句子缺少定语 ② 根据代词用法 → 形容词性物主代词可作定语 尝试解答: ________ its [ 技法解读 ] 1 . 人称代词与物主代词 类别 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格 ( 作主语 ) I we you you he she it they 宾格 ( 作宾语 ) me us you you him her it them 形容词性物主代词 ( 作定语 ) my our your your his her its their 名词性物主代词 ( 作主语、表语或宾语 ) mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 2. 反身代词 (1) 第一、二人称反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加 “ -self ” ( 复数加 selves) 构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加 -self( 复数加 selves) 构成。 数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself /herself/ itself themselves (2) 反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语 You should learn to be kind to yourself. 你要学会善待自己。 (3) 反身代词的习惯用法 adapt oneself to 适应; dress oneself 自己穿衣; occupy oneself with 忙于; devote oneself to 致力于; enjoy oneself 玩得开心; express oneself 表达自己的意思或情感; help oneself 随便吃. by oneself 单独地; of oneself 自动地; for oneself 为自己。 3 . 不定代词 (1) the other 指两者中的另一个,表示特指。 (2)other 作前置定语,修饰可数名词复数,不可单独使用,表示泛指,意为 “ 另外的,其他的 ” 。 (3) others 泛指 “ 其他人 ” 或 “ 其他物 ” ,常用结构: some...others... ;而 the others 表示特定范围中的 “ 另外的全部 ” 。 (4)another 泛指同类的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一个,可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。 (5)one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的 “ 一个 ” ,其复数形式是 ones 。 (6) that/those 指代前面出现过的名词。 that 指代单数名词或不可数名词,而 those 指代复数名词。 4 . it 的用法 (1) 指代时间、天气和距离。 (2) 代替前文提到过的事物。 (3) 指代动物、性别不详的婴儿或猜测中不确定的人。 (4) 代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。 ① (2016 · 四川高考 )By that time , the panda no longer needed ________ (it) mother for food. ② (2014 · 全国卷 Ⅱ )Then the driver stood up and asked , “ Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ? ” A woman on the bus shouted , “ Oh , dear! It's ________(I) . ” ③ (2014 · 辽宁高考 )Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds. ④ (2015 · 浙江高考改编 )How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? its mine it it 冠词、介词、代词填词三标志 1 .冠词填词标志:如果空格后有名词 ( 短语 ) 而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或是有序数词,最高级表示特指意义的比较级,那么空格一般填冠词。 注意填写时考虑后面词的开头音素,以元音音素开头填 an ,以辅音 音素开头填 a 。 2 .介词填词标志:如果空格后是名词、代词、 v.-ing 形式或 what 从句,且不作主语或宾语时,那么空格一般填介词。 3 .代词填词标志:如果空格所在的句子缺主语或宾语,一般填代词。如果缺定语,则考虑填形容词性物主代词。 走 出 误 区 易错点 1 忽略冠词特殊用法 ① Xiamen is________most beautiful coastal city and I believe l will come for________second time. ② ( 母题变式 ) Xiamen is________most beautiful coastal city I have ever seen so that l will come again a a the [ 点拨 ] (1) “ the most +形容词 ” 表示最高级; “ a most +形容词 ” 没有比较含义, most 表示 “ 非常 ” ; (2) “ the +序数词 ” 表示排序; “ a +序数词 ” 不表排序,表示 “ 再一,又一 ” ; 易错点 2 混淆代词指代对象 ① (2017 · 松原一模 )Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take ________out , stay outside with them. ② ( 母题变式 )Keep your pet inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take ________ out , stay outside with it. them it [ 点拨 ] 句 ① 中空格部分指代前一句中的 pets ,故填 them ;而句 ② 中空格部分指代前一句中的 pet ,故填 it 。 随 堂 训 练 Ⅰ . 单句练习 ❶ (2015 · 陕西高考改编 )________more learned a man is , the more modest he usually becomes. ❷ (2014 · 重庆高考改编 )I can't tell you ________way to the Wilsons ’ because we don't have a Wilson here in the village. ❸ (2014 · 陕西高考改编 )________ village where I was born has grown into a town. ❹ (2015 · 安徽高考改编 )They believe that there are transport developments ________ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better. ❺ (2015 · 浙江高考改编 )Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________animals both on land and sea? The the The around to ❻ (2015 · 陕西高考改编 )The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street. ❼ (2015 · 湖北高考改编 )This meeting room is a non - smoking area.I would like to warn you ________advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. ❽ (2015 · 陕西高考改编 )To warm himself , the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________. ❾ (2015 · 四川高考改编 )Niki is always full of ideas , but ________is useful to my knowledge. (2015 · 陕西高考改编 )I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. by in other none it Ⅱ . 语篇练习:用适当的冠词、介词或代词填空 Have you ever lived abroad? When living overseas in 1.________ place where people speak a different language , it can be difficult to make 2.________understood even in relatively simple but important areas of life , like shopping and getting 3.________town. 4.________can be really upset trying to ask for 5.____________in a store or to tell the taxi driver where you are going. Sometimes you may be 6.________a loss as to what to do; sometimes you are certain that people understand you but are just pretending that they don't ; and other times they made 7.________very considerate effort to communicate with you. a yourself around It something at a You should also be prepared to make changes in the diet and get accustomed 8.________the local foods and the limited sections of familiar foods in the stores and restaurants. Besides , you will experience some stress and anxiety when you are living in 9.________different culture with different values from 10.________own.You may find that some of your cherished and deeply held values about life may not be equally important to members of your new host culture. to a your ❶ 解析: 此处表示泛指,故用不定冠词。 ❷ 解析: 句子的逻辑主语是 you ,因此此处应用 yourself 。 ❸ 解析: get around 为固定短语,意为 “ 到处走走 ” 。 ❹ 解析: trying to ask...where you are driving 作真正的主语,故用形式主语 it 。 ❺ 解析: 此处指在商店里购买某物。 ❻ 解析: at a loss 为固定短语,意为 “ 困惑不解,不知所措 ” 。 ❼ 解析: make an effort 努力, very 的第一个音素为辅音音素,故用不定冠词 a 。 ❽ 解析: get accustomed to 为固定短语,意为 “ 习惯于 ” 。 ❾ 解析: 此处表示泛指一种完全不同的文化。 解析: 根据句意和句子主语 you 可知用 your 。查看更多