【英语】2018届二轮复习不带to的不定式的用法总结学案（13页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习不带to的不定式的用法总结学案（13页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 不带to的不定式的用法总结 非谓语动词历年是高考中的重点，不定式结构在考点中常常占很大比重。在英语试题中，多次考查或涉及动词不定式符号to被省略的知识。现就to在一些结构中常被省略的情况作如下总结：‎ ‎1.see, observe, notice, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel后接不定式作宾补，不定式常常省略to。‎ Come and watch me do it.‎ ‎2. 在使役动词make, let, have (使，让，请）, bid (吩咐)等之后，做宾补的不定式结构不带to。‎ John made her tell him everything.‎ 注意：除let外其他在变成被动语态时要加上to。‎ He was seen to come in.        ‎ The prisoners were let go.‎ ‎3.在动词help之后可以直接跟带to或不带to的不定式。‎ Can I help (to) carry it for you?‎ ‎4.在介词except, but 之后，如果其前面有实义动词do的某种形式，动词不定式不带to，反之则须带to。‎ There was nothing to do but wait till he came back.‎ There’s no choice but to wait for the rain to stop.‎ ‎5.在why或why not开头表请求的结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式常常省略to。‎ Why argue with him?‎ ‎6.动词之后接一系列动词不定式，除第一个不定式用to外，后面的不定式都不用to。‎ She refused to eat, talk or move.‎ ‎7.cannot but…, cannot choose but…, cannot help but…后接不带to 的不定式。‎ He cannot but wait there.‎ ‎8.在固定词组had better, had best, would (had) rather, would (had)rather…than…等之后，通常接不带to的不定式。  ‎ You had best come earlier.‎ ‎9.在 make do (凑合着用)，make believe (假装），let be (听任），let go of (放开），hear say (听人说起）等短语中，不定式常常不带to。         ‎ Have you ever heard say such a thing?‎ ‎10.当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。‎ The best way for us to do is (to) wait our chance.‎ What the plan does is (to) improve our living conditions.‎ 典题演练 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，66)．..a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.‎ ‎1．permitted句意：……那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。TV reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，67) My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ ‎2．introducing句意：我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，49) If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely ________ (bring) your work home.‎ ‎3．to bring句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。‎ ‎4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，63) Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________(create) special designs.‎ ‎4．to create句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，64) People probably cooked their food in large pots，________(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.‎ ‎5．using句意：人们或许在大锅中做饭，用树枝把它弄出来。主语people与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎6．(2016·四川，64) For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something ________ (eat)!‎ ‎6．to eat句意：她25天都没有离开过她的孩子，甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江，1) —Are you sure you're ready for the test?‎ ‎—No problem.I'm well ________ (prepare) for it.‎ ‎7．prepared句意：——你确定你准备好考试了吗？——没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语，be动词后要接动词的ed形式充当表语。‎ ‎8．(2016·浙江，10) To return to the problem of water pollution，I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.‎ ‎8．conducted句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去分词表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词study。‎ ‎9．(2016·浙江，13)A sudden stop can be a very ________(frighten)experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.‎ ‎9．frightening句意：突然停止会是一次可怕的经历，尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。主语是表示物的A sudden stop，所以be动词后面用动词的ing形式作表语。‎ ‎10．(2016·浙江，19) I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________ (work) with students.‎ ‎10．working句意：我在海上航行和现在做的和学生一起进行的工作一样快乐。这里用现在分词表示伴随。‎ ‎11．(2016·北京，26)________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.‎ ‎11．To make句意：为了与我们联系更方便一些，你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知，本空在句中作目的状语，因此用不定式。‎ ‎12．(2016·北京，28) ________ (order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ ‎12．Ordered句意：这些书是一个星期以前订购的，现在随时都可能到货。本空动词位于句首，不是祈使句，须用非谓语动词；order与books是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作状语表示被动或已发生。‎ ‎13．(2016·北京，32) Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，________ (turn) the old town into a dreamland.‎ ‎13．turning句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道边，把这个古镇变成了一个人间仙境。本空动词没有连词与谓语连接，此时要用非谓语动词。cottages和turn是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语表示主动含义。‎ ‎14．(2016·天津，4) The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，________(make) air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎14．making句意：凉爽的风通过卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调了。此处表示顺其自然的结果，The cooling wind与make是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作结果状语。‎ ‎15．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，68) Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers ________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ ‎15．conducted句意：……由旅行顾问网站进行的对旅游者的研究将阳朔命名为世界上前十位的旅游目的地之一。因为study和conduct之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎16．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，70) Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎16．living句意：……说它经常给居住在上海和香港的人安排快速通道。因为people和live之间是主动关系，所以用动词ing 形式作定语。‎ ‎17．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，41) The adobe dwellings (土坯房) ________ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.‎ ‎17．built句意：由美国西南部的印第安村庄的印第安人建造的土坯房…… the adobe dwellings与build之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎18．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，46) When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ________ (cool) the house during the hot day：at the same time，they warm up again for the night.‎ ‎18．to cool句意：……墙壁已经释放完它们的热量了，现在在炎热的天气里就足够冷来使房间冷却……be enough to do sth.“足够……来做某事”。‎ ‎19．(2015·北京，23) The park was full of people，________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.‎ ‎19．enjoying句意：公园里挤满了人，他们都在尽情享受阳光。因为people与enjoy之间是主动关系，所以这里使用enjoying形式作伴随状语。‎ ‎20．(2015·福建，28) ________ (learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ ‎20．To learn句意：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定学习中国民歌作为选修课内容。这里用不定式短语作目的状语，所以填To learn。‎ ‎21．(2015·福建，33) In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，________(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．‎ ‎21．combining句意：最近几年，一个英语单词 “infosphere”出现了，它结合了information和atmosphere两个单词的意思。combine和主语是主动关系，所以用动词的ing形式作状语。‎ ‎22．(2015·安徽，27) ________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ ‎22．Ignoring句意：无视两个研究结果的区别将会成为你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。根据句子结构可知，这里需要一个动名词作主语。‎ ‎23．(2015·陕西，18) Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ (take) good care of at home.‎ ‎23．taken句意：从在非洲为期两年的医疗服务回来后，李医生非常开心地看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好。see sb.done“看到某人被……”。‎ ‎24．(2015·陕西，24) At college，Barack Obama didn't know that he ‎ ________(become) the first black president of the United States of America.‎ ‎24．was to become句意：在大学的时候，巴拉克·奥巴马并不知道他会成为美国第一位黑人总统。be to do“一定或注定会做某事”，表示将来时态。‎ ‎25．(2015·天津，5) ________ (absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.‎ ‎25．Absorbed句意：专心致志于绘画中，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临。John与absorb之间是被动关系，be absorbed in 表示“专心于……”。‎ ‎26．(2015·天津，8) ________ (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.‎ ‎26．Having worked句意：已经工作了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了报告。由for two days可知分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，且与句子主语为主动关系，所以用having done形式。‎ ‎27．(2015·北京，21) ________ (catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.‎ ‎27．To catch句意：为了能赶上早班飞机，我们提前预订了一辆计程车并且起得很早。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里用不定式作目的状语，所以填To catch。‎ ‎28．(2015·重庆，6) ________ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.‎ ‎28．Raised句意：他在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地方被抚养长大，想成为足球明星还有一段很长、很艰难的路程要走。raise和he之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作原因状语。‎ ‎29．(2015·重庆，11) Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ (use) the sun and the stars.‎ ‎29．using句意：和古代的水手一样，鸟儿凭借太阳和星星来找到飞行的路线。use和句子的主语birds之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词ing形式作状语。‎ ‎30．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，41) One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about ________ (be) late for school.‎ ‎30．being句意：一天早上，我在公交车站等车，担心可能会上学迟到。位于介词后，故用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎31．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，46) I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused ________ (stop) until we reached the next stop.‎ ‎31．to stop句意：我听到后面一位乘客对司机大声叫喊，但是司机拒绝停车，直到到达下一站。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎32．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，47) Still，the boy kept ________ (ride)．‎ ‎32．riding句意：那个男孩仍然继续骑车。keep doing sth.“持续做某事”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎33．(2014·辽宁，64) Keep ________(hold) your position for a while.‎ ‎33．holding句意：这个姿势要保持一会。keep doing sth.“持续做某事”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎34．(2014·山东，9) It's standard practice for a company like this one ________ (employ) a security officer.‎ ‎34．to employ句意：像这样的公司雇用一名保安是惯常做法。it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语。“It's＋形容词/名词＋(for...)to do...”表示“(对……来说)做……是……”。‎ ‎35．(2014·湖南，35) ________ (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.‎ ‎35．To free句意：想要从身心的双重压力中解放自我，我们每个人都需要深思和内心安宁。不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎36．(2014·湖南，23) ________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.‎ ‎36．Understanding句意：明白自己的需求及沟通方式和学会表达爱及情绪同等重要。要填的词作句子的主语，且陈述一个客观事实，‎ 表示主动意义，故填动名词的一般式。‎ ‎37．(2014·江西，26) When it comes to ________ (speak) in public，no one can match him.‎ ‎37．speaking句意：说到在公众面前演讲，没有人能比得上他。when it comes to...表示“谈到/说到……”，后接名词或动名词。此处填动名词的一般式。‎ ‎38．(2014·广西，23) Today there are more airplanes ________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.‎ ‎38．carrying句意：与以前相比，现在有更多的航班可以载更多的乘客。句子主干是there be句式，carry应用非谓语动词形式；airplanes与carry之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎39．(2014·山东，6) There's a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again.‎ ‎39．saying句意：门上钉有一张便条，说商店何时再度开门营业。note与say是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎40．(2014·湖南，27) There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，________ (stare) at the night sky.‎ ‎40．staring句意：没有比躺在草地中央，凝视着夜晚的天空更令人快乐的事了。根据句意可知，stare的动作与lie同时发生，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎41．(2014·北京，25) Last night，there were millions of people ________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.‎ ‎41．watching句意：昨天晚上数百万的人从电视上收看了开幕式的直播。millions of people与watch之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎42．(2014·安徽，32) While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.‎ ‎42．promoted句意：在等待被提升的机会时，亨利尽力做好自己的本职工作。get此处为连系动词，意为“被；受到”，后面接过去分词形式，构成“get＋过去分词”式被动结构。‎ ‎1．对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断是否是非谓语动词，若句中有连词，则需用谓语动词形式，若句中没有连词，则考虑用非谓语动词形式，再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词。例如：作主语、宾语用动名词或动词不定式；作状语常用分词：目的状语常用动词不定式，伴随状语则常用现在分词等。‎ ‎ (2015·新课标Ⅱ，44)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ________(use)electric equipment.‎ ‎【解析】using句意：除了它们的简单美之外，‎ 这种土坯房值得赞扬的是它们不用电力设备就能给房间制冷的能力。介词without后面应该接名词或动名词，故应用using。‎ ‎ (2014·新课标Ⅰ，65) It took years of work ________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the river.‎ ‎【解析】to reduce句意：减少工业污染，清理河流花了数年的时间。句子的主语是it，谓语动词是过去式took，所填词应用非谓语动词形式；根据it takes...to do sth.“花费……做某事”判断本空填动词不定式。‎ ‎2．确定为非谓语动词后，再观察非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系以及动作发生的时间，由此判断出正确的时态、语态形式。非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，常用现在分词、动词不定式或动名词的一般式；是被动关系，则用过去分词、ing形式或动词不定式的被动式；非谓语动词表示的动作如果发生的早，则要考虑完成式等。‎ ‎ (2015·四川) We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.‎ ‎【解析】 sing→singing句意：我们在卡拉OK厅嗨歌花了许多时间。spend...(in) doing sth.“花费金钱或时间做某事”，为固定结构。‎ ‎ (2015·北京，31)If ________ (accept) for the job，you'll be informed soon.‎ ‎【解析】accepted句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，那么你很快就会收到通知。本句的主语you和accept之间是被动关系，所以这里使用过去分词形式，是状语从句If you are accepted for the job的省略。‎