【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十八（18页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十八（18页word版）

2019 届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题 10 篇训练之二十八 [一] Welcome to the future. It’s year 2050 and Scotland is now powered completely by“clean”energy. Homes have entire roofs made of solar materials, rooms are kept warm by wallpaper, and people go to and from work in electric and hydrogen( 氢) cars. Oil is still being found in the North Sea, but it’s not now only used to keep aircraft flying. And a new 500---mile underwater link with Iceland has been built to catch heat from the hot springs. There’s still a role for king coal—but the black diamonds are now environment---friendly. People will be able to import the electricity they need and export any excess(超过的量) they make through rooftop windmills(风车). New technology will store electricity better and provide it on demand. Heat exchangers will provide heating and hot water. Harmful carbon dioxide waste is being piped offshore to St Fergus and from there into some of the remaining oil—producing fields to be stored safely without entering the atmosphere. Gas remains the preferred energy source of industry and is now shipped in liquid form. But hydrogen is imported through pipelines from France and from a geothermal (地热的) plant in Iceland. Hydrogen—fuelled cars have become popular. Electric bikes are common in cities using the new urban two—wheel network. Electric vehicles have become common, and their performances have been improved because of the developments in electrical drive technology like high—temperature super conducting motors. Many people leave their vehicles in a giant park where they can be recharged from the national electrical system . Oilseed rape (油菜) is widely grown to fuel some motors . 29．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 2 mean ? A. The hot springs B. Oil C. Coal D. Oil and coal 30．Which sources of energy play a more important role in people’s daily life in the future ? A. Oil and coal B. Hydrogen and gas C. Electricity and gas D. Solar energy and wind 31 ． The means of transport people use in 2050 do not include__________. A. windmills B. electric bikes C. hydrogen—fuelled cars D. aircraft 32．The passage is written to tell us in the future_____________. A. life will be better and better B. the energy will become cleaner and cleaner C. people will use some new sources of energy D. people will pay more attention to the environment 参考答案：29----32CDAB [二] The Oton Glass lead designer, Keisuke Shimakage, started working on the glasses in 2012 to aid his father, who had developed dyslexia, a condition that makes it difficult for someone to read and spell. While his father eventually recovered, Shimakage continued his development in order to help others with the disorder. Currently, the Oton Glass is seeking funding. Backers can get a pair of the glasses for 5,000 yen (roughly $47). Smart glasses aren’t a new concept, but it’s difficult to point to any single pair of smart glasses that people have reviewed favorably. It could, perhaps, be that previous products tried to do too much, or were too expensive. That’s why Intel’s Vaunt smart glasses stripped out some features, like its camera, LCD screen, and speakers. The Oton Glass is for a very specific audience, and its relatively low price could make it more appealing to those who want an affordable way to understand the text around them. 32. What was Keisuke’s original purpose in designing the Oton Glass? A. To treat his father’s disease. B. To translate text into sound. C. To assist his father to read. D. To make written text easier to read. 33. What is the right order how the Oton Glass works? a. The camera captures the words. b. The wearer stares at the text. c. The wearer hears the sound via the earpiece. d. The cloud system turns the text into sound. e. The wearer blinks to get the glasses working. A. a, b, e, c, d B. e, b, c, d, a C. b, d, a, e, c D. b, e, a, d, c 34. The underlined part “stripped out” in the last paragraph can be replaced by ________. A. improved B. removed C. increased D. invented 35. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The advantages of the Oton Glass. B. The characteristics of smart glasses. C. Consumers’ evaluation of the Oton Glass. D. The target audiences of various smart glasses. 参考答案： 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 32. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段 The Oton Glass lead designer, Keisuke Shimakage, started working on the glasses in 2012 to aid his father, who had developed dyslexia, a condition that makes it difficult for someone to read and spell.一句可知 Keisuke 设计 Oton Glass 的最初原因是 为了帮助患病的父亲阅读和写东西。故选 C。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段可知在使用这种眼睛的时候，首先应该戴上眼镜， 根据这一步可排除 A 和 B 选项。再根据 Wearers use the glasses by staring at the text they can’t read and blinking (眨眼) to trigger the glasses.一句可知第二步是要通过眨眼的形式激活眼镜。故可以得出正确答 案为 D。 34.词义猜测题。最后一段 It could, perhaps, be that previous products tried to do too much, or were too expensive.一句提到以前的产品想拥有更多 的功能，因此导致价格过高。再根据后句 The Oton Glass is for a very specific audience, and its relatively low price…可知 The Oton Glass 的价格更低，故可以推知一些使价格上涨的功能被取消了,所以“stripped out”是去除的意思。故选 B。 35.本段的内容是智能眼镜不是新的概念，但它所具备的特点是别的智能眼镜所 没有的。 [三] Dogs and humans have been living side-by-side for about 15,000 years, but there are tons of facts about dogs that perhaps we have never heard of. Night vision Dogs have good night vision. Their large pupils let more light in and the rods (视杆细胞) work better in poor light. But the biggest factor is the tapetum (反光组织), which reflect light at the back of the eye. Besides, dogs’ whiskers (胡须) also help them “see” in the dark because they pick up on very small changes in air, providing dogs with information about the size, shape, and speed of things nearby. Secret tail code Dogs can use their tails to communicate. They wag their tails to the right when they are relaxed or happy, and to the left when nervous or threatened. When they’re aggressive, the tails will stick straight-up in the air. A broad wag is friendly while a slow wag is neutral, neither excited nor anxious. Dreams We often see a dog’s body making sudden movements in its sleep. Dogs have the same brain wave patterns as humans’ while they are asleep, so they dream just like we do. Super nose Dogs can find their way home despite long distances. Their noses are a vital part of their incredible sense of direction. The part of a dog’s brain that controls smell is 40 times larger than humans’. They’re able to follow smells for miles. Furthermore, dogs have an amazing ability to recognize the smells given off by the abnormal cells in human bodies, including cancer. This is something scientists are eager to explore further. And interesting, a dog’s “fingerprint” is on its nose. The patterns on dogs’ noses are so distinct that they can actually be used to identify the animals. A sixth sense Dogs act strangely before something bad, like a storm or earthquake, happens, for they are sensitive to low frequencies that humans can’t sense. So don’t let their strange behavior go unnoticed next time. It could save your life. 24. Which of the following indirectly helps dogs see well in the dark? A. Their rods. B. Their tapetum. C. Their whiskers. D. Their pupils. 25. If a dog holds up the tail, it indicates ________. A. happiness B. attack C. friendliness D. relaxation 26. What hasn’t been discovered about a dog? A. Why it can sense natural disasters. B. Why it has an acute sense of smell. C. What emotions it shows with its tail. D. How it can smell humans’ illnesses. 27. In what way are dogs like humans? A. They dream when they sleep. B. They have good night vision. C. They have distinct nose patterns. D. They can react to low frequencies. 参考答案：24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 【解析】 24 细节理解题。根据文中 dogs’ whiskers (胡须) also help them “see” in the dark because they pick up on very small changes in air, providing dogs with information about the size, shape, and speed of things nearby 可 知狗的胡须可以感知空气中的细微变化，为狗提供附近物体的大小，形状和速 度，间接帮助狗“看到”物体。故选 C。 25 细节理解题。文中 When they’ re aggressive, the tails will stick straight-up in the air.提到当狗的尾巴竖直向上的时候，表明其要有攻击 性行为。故选 B。 26 细节理解题。文章 dogs have an amazing ability to recognize the smells given off by the abnormal cells in human bodies, including cancer. This is something scientists are eager to explore further.一句提到狗可以闻出 人身上的疾病，这是科学家渴望进一步探索的。因此可以推知科学家还不知道 为什么狗可以闻出人身上的疾病。故选 D。 27 细节理解题。文中 Dogs have the same brain wave patterns as humans’ while they are asleep, so they dream just like we do.一句提到狗在睡觉的时 候和人类拥有相同的脑电波，因此，狗和人类一样也会做梦。故选 A。 [四] Visiting London can be an expensive trip, so establishing a budget and finding bargains when you arrive will help you get around London on the cheap. The following steps can help you find cheaper alternatives for transport for your London trip. * Familiarize yourself with the city’s boroughs and specifically the area where you will be staying. You can use a street map, or an online map search engine, to establish where in the city you will be staying and the distance you are from the major tourist attractions you want to visit. * Find a local provider of Transport for London tickets or travel cards, since your first bargain purchase will be an Oyster Card. Traveling around London with an Oyster Card will give you access to the cheapest option of transportation methods and the Oyster Card is accepted citywide on buses, boats and the London Underground, known by the locals as “the tube”. * Seek out your nearest Tube Station. The Tube is the cheapest and most reliable form of transportation and runs from around 6 a.m. until around 1 a.m. ... , depending on the line or the station. There are 287 tube stations in London that accept the Oyster Card, with a high concentration in central London. If you are staying anywhere in central London, there will be a tube station less than 10 minutes away. The Transport for London website offers a tube station search facility to find the nearest subway station to any location in the city. When you find a tube station, you can easily locate the closest bus stop by using the comparison bus-tube maps at the station’s entrance. * Follow the Transport for London Tube Guide to your destinations and always plan ahead. Making a plan for transport will save you unnecessary expenses, wasted trips on the tube and doubling back on your journey . 28. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce the public transport system in London. B．To show readers how to use the Oyster Card. C．To prove the subway in London is easy to use. D．To offer tips for saving transport costs in London. 29. Which of the following can help a traveler spend the least money on transport? A．Trying different transportation methods. B．Taking buses as much as possible. C．Traveling with an Oyster Card. D．Making a plan before your journey. 30. By visiting the Transport for London website, people can ________. A．identify their own location B．locate the nearest bus station C．find the nearest subway station D．use an online map to avoid getting lost 31. We can conclude from the passage that ________. A．the subway is the cheapest means of transport in London. B．only Tube stations in Central London accept Oyster Card. C．subway lines in London run no less than 19 hours a day. D．the transfer from subway to bus is very convenient. 参考答案：28.D 29.C 30.C 31.A 本文是对那些到伦敦旅游的人的一些如何节省的建议，主要是关于伦敦的交通方 面，如何使用公交卡，如何乘坐伦敦地铁等。 28.D 推理题。根据文章 2,3 行 The following steps can help you find cheaper alternatives for transport for your London trip.说明本文的目的是 给来伦敦旅游的人提供省钱的建议。故 D 项正确。 29.C 推理题。根据第二个建议部分的 your first bargain purchase will be an Oyster Card 。Traveling around London with an Oyster Card will give you access to the cheapest option of transportation methods and the Oyster Card is accepted citywide on buses, boats and the London Underground, known by the locals as “the tube”.可知 an Oyster Card 可以让人们花最少的钱，是一种最节约的方式。故 C 正确。 30.C 细节题。根据第 3 个建议的第三段 The Transport for London website offers a tube station search facility to find the nearest subway station to any location in the city.说明登陆 London website 可以让我 们找到最近的路线。故 C 正确。 31.A 推断题。根据第三个建议的第一段 The Tube is the cheapest and most reliable form of transportation and runs from around 6 a.m. until around 1 a.m. ..., depending on the line or the station.说明地铁 是伦敦最便宜，最值得信赖的的交通工具。故 A 正确。 [五] The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life. These include custom-made navigation( 导 航 ) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.” “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. “For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that. “We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.” 32．What is the purpose of the Drivel AB? A． To explore new means of transport. B． To design new types of cars. C． To find out older driver`s problems. D． To teach people traffic rules. 33．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A．It builds up their strength. B． It helps them save time. C．It keeps them independent. D． It cures their mental illnesses. 34．What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A． Improve their driving skills. B． Develop driver-assist technologies. C． Provide tips on repairing their cars. D． Organize regular physical checkups. 35．What is the best title for the text? A． A new Model Electric Car B． A Solution to Traffic Problems C． Driving Services for elders D． Keeping Older Drivers on the Road 参考答案：32-35CCBD [六] Spring is a wonderful season to celebrate rebirth and new life. The long，cold winter is over. The weather is warmer and sunnier. The trees again have leaves and the flowers are blooming. The season represents hope， joy and beauty. At this time，many people think of this classical music piece—Spring，which shows happiness. Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi wrote it in the seventeen hundreds. However，not all songs about spring are happy. This song written and sung by K．D. Lang is about dreaming of spring in cold dark places. She recorded I Dream of Spring in 2008. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein wrote It Might as Well Be Spring for the movie State Fair in 1945.Frank Sinatra sings it. It is a feeling of restlessness or excitement brought on by the coming of spring. Richard Rodgers also wrote Spring Is Here ，this time with Lorenz Hart. Ella Fitzgerald sings this song about feeling lonely during this season. Frank Loesser wrote the sad song，Spring Will Be a Little Late This Year. Why has the season been delayed? Because the singer's lover has left her. Sarah Vaughn released(发行) her version of the song in 1953. By now you may be thinking ， “Enough with the sad songs ， already！”OK，then how about a cowboy song? Gene Autry was one of the America's most famous singing cowboys. He recorded When It's Springtime in the Rockies in 1937. And finally，we'll leave you with a sunny song called Up Jumped Spring. Freddie Hubbard wrote this jazz song in 1977 and Billy Taylor Trio performs it. 8. If you are in a bad mood，you'd better listen to________. A．Up Jumped Spring B．I Dream of Spring C．Spring Is Here D．Spring Will Be a Little Late This Year 9. It Might as Well Be Spring is a song that________. A．is also called State Fair B．is sung by Ella Fitzgerald C．has a lonely feeling D．was written by two people 10. According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE? A．Most songs about spring are written by Italian composers. B．K. D. Lang was good at writing happy songs. C．Sarah Vaughn sang the song Up Jumped Spring first. D．Gene Autry was a famous cowboy singer before K．D. Lang. 参考答案：28—30.ADD [七] On March 17, people around the world celebrate the Irish holiday of Saint Patrick’s Day. It is a major holiday in Ireland, but the rest of the world has influenced its celebration as much as the Irish themselves. Most Americans think of Saint Patrick’s Day as a big party centered around drinking alcohol. But its beginnings in Ireland were religious, says Mike Cronin, a professor of Irish history with Boston College of Massachusetts. Ireland is a mostly Roman Catholic country. Saint Patrick lived in Ireland more than 2,000 years ago.He is widely considered to have established Christianity in the country. The Church honored him with a holy day in the 17th century. March 17 marks the date of his death. The average Irish person honored March 17 quietly. Attending church services was the main activity. In fact, most businesses that served alcohol would close in honor of the day. In the early 1900s, Ireland’s government made St. Patrick’s Day an official holiday. By the 1960s, towns across Ireland started celebrating the holiday with parades and music. In Ireland today, St. Patrick’s Day is a four-day public celebration that includes parades, music, food, and games. For Irish people living outside Ireland, Saint Patrick’s Day became a chance to celebrate their Irish identity and culture. Now, countries and cities around the world celebrate March 17 in creative ways. Many countries hold Saint Patrick’s Day parades. Famous monuments, including the Great Wall of China, the Niagara Falls, and the Gateway of India in Mumbai will all be colored by green light for the day. Cronin says that the worldwide popularity of Saint Patrick’s Day has helped the Irish government, which uses the holiday as a form of diplomacy. And for a small island of 4.5 to 5 million people it’s quite remarkable that they have that kind of soft power. 24. How did average Irish people celebrate Saint Patrick’s Day in the 17 th century? A. Drinking alcohol. B. Parading in the streets. C. Attending church services peacefully. D. Coloring well-known monuments green. 25. What can we learn from the passage? A. Saint Patrick’s Day is the most significant day in the US. B. Saint Patrick’s Day plays a role in foreign affairs in Ireland today. C. Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated worldwide today as in the 17 th century. D. On Saint Patrick’s Day, parades and parties are held throughout America. 26. What is the passage mainly about? A. The origin of Saint Patrick’s Day. B. The celebration of Saint Patrick’s Day. C. The influence of Saint Patrick’s Day on the world. D. The role of Saint Patrick’s Day in Irish diplomacy. 27. What is Cronin’s attitude towards the popularity of Saint Patrick’s Day? A. Unclear. B. Neutral. C. Negative. D. Positive. 参考答案：24-27 CBBD [八] Underneath the Greenland ice sheet lies a body of water covering an area larger than West Virginia, and until just a few years ago, scientists had no idea that it existed. First discovered in 2011, scientists now believe it covers some 27, 000 square miles and contains more than 100 billion tons of liquid water. The melt-water reservoir (蓄水池) was discovered under the ice, in a south-eastern part of Greenland, by researchers from the University of Utah about two years ago. According to the BBC, at first the researchers expected to find waters stored in small spaces between the rocks. What they actually found was a massive reservoir of water trapped in the ice, kind of like the liquid in a snow-cone. Newser quotes lead study author Richard Forster saying, “we thought we had an understanding of how things work in Greenland, but here is this entire storage system of water we didn’t realize was there.” OK, so snow water under the ice in Greenland; why is this a big deal? Well, researchers say it could provide new clues to understanding Greenland’s ice melts and sea level rise in general. Voice of America quotes Forster saying, “of the present sea level rise, the Greenland ice sheet is the largest contributor, and it is melting at record levels, so understanding the aquifer’s (地下蓄水层) capacity to store water from year to year is important, because it fills a major gap in the overall connection of melt-water runoff and sea levels.” According to researchers, the water is 15 to 60 feet beneath the surface and likely stays fluid because it’s covered by snow. They’re unsure how old the reservoir is or whether it flows into the ocean. 28. What is true about the water newly found in Greenland? A. It is probably in the form of liquid. B. It is widely stored between the rocks. C. It finally flows into the ocean. D. It came into being only a few years ago. 29. The discovery of water in Greenland is very important because ______. A. it confirms scientists’ previous guess about the storage of water in Greenland B. it throws new light on the relation between Greenland’s melt water and sea level rise C. it provides information about the possible amount of water storage in Greenland D. it solves the problem of the shortage of fresh water in the world for good 30. What will be the best title of the passage? A. Ice Sheet in Greenland Melting at Alarming Speed B. Greenland Ice Sheet Contributing to Rapid Sea Level Rise C. Billions of Tons of Water Found under Greenland Ice Sheet D. Scientists Predicting Massive Underground Water in Greenland 参考答案：28-30 ABC [九] The London Eye is a giant 135---meter tall Ferris wheel situated on the banks of the River Thames in the British capital. Since 20 January 2011, it has been officially known as the EDF Energy London Eye following a three---year deal with the company. It is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe, and the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over 3.5 million people every year. The London Eye is located at the western end of Jubilee Gardens, on the South Bank of the River Thames In the London Borough of Lambeth in England, between Westminster Bridge( which has longer history than the famous Severn Bridge to the west of London) and Hungerford Bridge. When erected in 1999, it was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world, until surpassed first by the 160 m Star of Nanchang in 2006, and the 165m Singapore Flyer in 2008. A breathtaking feat of design and engineering, passengers in the London Eye’s capsules can see up to 40 kilometers in all directions. The London Eye is the vision of David Marks and Julia Barfield, a husband and wife architect team. The wheel design was used as a metaphor for the end of the 20th century, and time turning into the new millennium(千禧年). Back in 2000, the London Eye was known as the Millennium wheel. In 2009, a 4D Film Experience was added as a free extra to enjoy before your ride on the Eye. Once you get high enough and start coming down the other side, you will see people reach for their cameras. Here’s where the good stuff is right at your fingertips(or seems so). Parliament and Big Ben are beneath you, as are so many other historical things . If you are interested in other attractions in London, you can refer to the homepage. 21. Which of the following statements is NOT correct ? A. It is so popular that every year, more than 3.5 million people visit the London Eye. B. London Eye is called the EDF Energy London Eye from 2011 because the company bought it. C. It is designed by David Marks and Julia Barfield, a husband and wife architect team. D. It is 135---meter tall and is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe. 22. What cannot be seen from the London Eye ? A. The beautiful sights of the River Thames. B. The Westminster Bridge. C. The famous Seven Bridge. D. Big Ben 23. We can infer from the passage that___________. A. London Eye is the third tallest Ferris wheel in the world. B. London Eye was named the Millennium Wheel at first. C. London Eye is free of charge, and that's why so many people come here. D. Before your ride on the London Eye, you can first enjoy a 4D film now. 24. You can find this passage_________. A. in a magazine B. in a newspaper C. from a guidebook D. on a website 参考答案：21----24BCAD [十] Recently, a study was carried out to determine who was the greatest American president ． Sixty-five presidential historians took part in it, and they judged the past forty-two American leaders based on ten leadership qualities, including public persuasiveness( 信 服 ), crisis leadership, management of the economy, moral leadership, and conduct of international relations．The historians also looked at administrative ability (管理能力), relations with Congress, ability to set goals, and the pursuit of equal justice for all．Finally, the experts took into consideration the historical period in which the president lived． The historians chose Abraham Lincoln as American’s greatest president．He had also been named best president in a similar study in 2000．Abraham Lincoln was the president who led the nation through the Civil War in the 1860s, and was able to unite it in the end．He also took the first steps to abolish slavery in America． Edna Medford, a professor of history at Howard University in Washington, D.C., was an adviser on this study and the earlier one．She says Abraham Lincoln is seen to represent the values the nation most honors, such as truthfulness, moderation, and respect for human rights． The historians put American’s first president, George Washington, second on the list, while Franklin D．Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, and Harry Truman follow in that order．John F．Kennedy, the country’s first Roman Catholic president, is sixth on the list．Like Lincoln, Kennedy was murdered while in office． Among recent presidents, Ronald Reagan was named the tenth best and Bill Clinton rated fifteenth, while the historians put former president George W．Bush at number thirty-six．His father, George H.W．Bush, did much better, being placed at number eighteen． 25．We learn from the text that ___________． A．this is the second time that Abraham Lincoln has been chosen as America’s greatest president B．Edna Medford didn’t take part in the study conducted in 2000． C．George H.W．Bush was thought to have done worse in office than George W．Bush D．Harry Truman was rated the fourth-best president by the study 26 ． Which of the following belong to the ten leadership qualities considered? a．Being able to persuade the public b．Taking effective measures during a financial crisis． c．Balancing home life and career． d．Pursuing equal justice for all． A．a,b,c B．b,c,d C ． a,b,d D．a,c,d[] 27．Who is rated worst among the following four presidents? A．John F．Kennedy B．George Washington C．Bill Clinton D．George W．Bush 28．The text is mainly about ________． A．the ten qualities a great president needs B．a study of American presidents C．the values the American nation honors most D．how Abraham Lincoln improved the country 参考答案：25----28 ACDB