专题31+特殊句型（一）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

专题31+特殊句型（一）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

‎ ‎ 我们把倒装句、强调句、省略句、反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句和There be句型都归到特殊句型里边。‎ ‎ 考点一 倒装 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。学习倒装句的关键是牢记使用倒装句的条件。高考对于倒装的考查主要在于：时间、地点、方位、方向等副词放在句首的全部倒装；否定副词、否定的副词短语或否定的状语从句放在句首的部分倒装；only放在句首作非限制性状语的部分倒装；一些特殊句型中的部分倒装。‎ ‎ 一、 全部倒装 ‎ 全部倒装句子的结构是：谓语+主语 ‎1. there be句型中。‎ ‎ John opened the door. There _______ he had never seen before. (2010 陕西) ‎ ‎ A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl ‎ 【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎2. there/here/now/then+不及物动词+主语（名词）结构中。‎ ‎ —Is everyone here?—Not yet……Look, there_______ the rest of our guests!（2010江苏卷）‎ A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 以地点副词here, there开头的句子要用全部倒装。主语是the rest of the guests，是复数，故选A。注意，当主语是代词时，则不倒装。‎ ‎3. away, down, in, off, on, out, up等表示方向的副词开头的句子中。‎ ‎ Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away __________. (2010上海)‎ A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】副词away放在句首，句子要用全部倒装。‎ ‎4. 表示地点的介词短语开头的句子中。‎ At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing‎ ‎River _______, one of the ten largest cities in china. (2010 重庆)‎ A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie ‎ 【答案】A ‎ 【解析】表示地点的介词短语放在句首，句子要用全部倒装。‎ ‎5. 分词+表示地点的介词短语+be动词+主语的结构中。‎ Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. __________ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. (2009江苏)‎ A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 考点二 全部倒装 1. so, neither/nor, as放在句首构成的部分倒装 ‎ “So, neither/nor+助动词”承接在一个简单句后，表示与前句主语有相同的情况，在肯定句后用so，在否定句后用neither/nor。as也可用在肯定句后，表示“也”的意思，但没有so用的普遍。so后面句子中的助动词要和前句的助动词一致，如果前句谓语动词是单个实义动词，则so句中的助动词要用do的某种形式。‎ ‎1. — I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.‎ ‎ — _________. I can’t stand all this rain. (2012山东) A. I don’t care B. It’s hard to say C. So am I I hope not ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】“so +助动词+主语”承接在一个简单肯定句之后，表示该句主语与前句主语有相同的情况。so是“也”的意思，放在句首要用部分倒装。‎ ‎2. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.‎ ‎ (2012重庆)‎ A. does he even give B. he even gives C. will he even give D. he will even given ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎3. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, __________ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. (2009天津)‎ A. as B. which C. when D. though ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】as意为“也”，表示与前句主语有相同情况，要用倒装语序。‎ ‎4. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, __________. （全国）‎ A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】“neither / nor +助动词”承接在一个简单否定句后，表示该主语与前句主语“一样不……”。‎ 注意：‎ 当so不表示“也”的意思，而是“的确，确实”的意思，其后面句子的主语与前句相同，则不倒装。例如：‎ ‎1. — Father, you promised! ‎ ‎— Well, __________. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first. （湖北）‎ A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ 【解析】这里的so不是“也”的意思，而是“的确，确实”的意思。so did I = I promised you indeed(我确实答应过你)。‎ ‎2. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.‎ ‎ — ______, and so did I. (安徽)‎ ‎ A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she ‎【答案】C ‎ 【解析】这里的so she did=she did have a wonderful time。‎ ‎2. 否定词（主要是否定副词），含有否定意义的短语或否定的从句置于句首构成的部分倒装 ‎ 常见的否定词有：not, never, little, few, hardly, seldom, nowhere等。‎ 常见的含有否定意义的短语有：by no means, in no way, in no situation, under no circumstances, at no time, on no account等。这些短语均译为“绝不……”。‎ 常见的否定从句有：not until…(直到……才……), hardly…when…, no sooner…than…(刚……就……)等引导的时间状语从句。neither…nor…(既不……也不……), not only…but also…(不但……而且……)等引起的并列句。在复合句中，主句倒装，在neither…nor…结构中，两个分句都倒装，在not only…but also…结构中，not only所在的分句倒装。‎ ‎1. Not until recently __________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. （2016江苏） A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged ‎【答案】C ‎ 【解析】not until引起的短语放在句首，句子要用部分倒装。‎ ‎2. _____ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. (2014全国)‎ A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎3. Not once _____ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. ‎ ‎(2013湖南)‎ A. occurred it B. it did occur C. it occurred D. did it occur ‎【答案】D ‎ 【解析】否定词not放在句首，句子要用部分倒装。‎ ‎4. At no time ________the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. (2013辽宁)‎ A. they actually broke B. do they actually break C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken ‎【答案】C ‎ 【解析】否定的介词短语放在句首，句子要用部分倒装。‎ ‎5．Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. (2012江西)‎ ‎ A．had she B．she had C．has she D．she has ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】否定副词never放在句首，要用部分倒装。由语境可知应用现在完成时。‎ ‎3. “only + 副词”置于句首构成的部分倒装 ‎“only + 状语（副词/介词短语/状语从句）”放在句首，要用部分倒装。‎ ‎1. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home. ‎ ‎(2015天津)‎ A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎2. Only when you can find peace in your heart _______ good relationships with others. ‎ ‎（2014湖南）‎ A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 【解析】“only+状语从句（这里是when引导的时间状语从句）”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。‎ ‎3. (2013全国II) Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ______ properly in this hospital. A. can be the patients B. can the patients be treated C. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 【解析】Only+状语（从句）置于句首（这里是by介词短语），主句应用部分倒装，即将助动词can放于主语the patients之前。‎ ‎4. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______ a decision. (2011湖南)‎ A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】“only+状语从句（这里是after引导的时间状语从句）”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习:‎ ‎1. For a moment nothing happened. Then __________ all shouting together. ‎ A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】表示时间的副词now, then等放在句首，句子要用全部倒装。‎ ‎2. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.‎ A. he had considered B. had he considered C. he considered D. did he consider ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎3. New technology was used in teaching. As a result, not only __________, but students became more interested in the lessons. ‎ A. saved was teachers’ energy B. was teachers’ energy saved C. teachers’ energy was saved D. was saved teachers’ energy ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】not only ... but (also)连接两个分句时，如果not only放在句首，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。‎ ‎4. Not until he went through real hardship _____the love we have for our families is important.‎ A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he realized D. he had realized ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】not until引导的从句放在句首，主句要用部分倒装。时间状语从句表示过去的事，‎ 主句应用一般过去时。‎ ‎5. Only with the greatest of luck _______ to escape from the rising flood waters.‎ A. managed she B. she managed C. did she manage D. she did manage ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 only放在句首作状语（这里是with介词短语），谓语动词要用部分倒装。‎ ‎6. Only when he reached the tea-house ______ it was the same place he’d been in last year. ‎ ‎ A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】“only+状语从句（这里是when引导的时间状语从句）”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。‎ ‎7. __________ you eat the correct foods __________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.‎ A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will ‎ C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】“only +状语（这里是if引导的条件状语从句）”放在句首，句子要用部分倒装。‎ ‎8. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and __________. ‎ A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. __________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. ‎ A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange ‎ C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序，将作表语的形容词strange移至句首。‎ ‎10. Little __________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. ‎ ‎ A. he realized B. he didn’t realize C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】little是否定词，放在句首，句子要倒装。‎ ‎ ‎