2018版高考英语（北师大版）大一轮复习教师文档讲义：Book 7 Unit 19Language

2018版高考英语（北师大版）大一轮复习教师文档讲义：Book 7 Unit 19Language

话题词汇 ‎1.accent n.口音；腔调 ‎2.expression n.词语；表达 ‎3.knowledge n.知识；学问 ‎4.master v.精通；掌握 ‎5.pronounce v.发音 ‎6.shortcoming n.缺点；短处 ‎7.be afraid of making mistakes害怕出错 ‎8.express oneself in English fluently用英语流利地表达思想 ‎9.have a good command of sth.精通……‎ ‎10.improve writing skills提高写作能力 话题佳作 假设你们班将要召开一次学习经验交流会，请你以“How to Learn English”为题，写一篇发言稿，介绍你的英语学习经验。内容要点如下：‎ ‎1.要学好英语，应该尽可能多地寻找机会使用英语；‎ ‎2.初学阶段，应该重视英语听说能力的培养和提高；‎ ‎3.语法学习是重要的，有助于正确理解和使用英语。‎ 佳作欣赏 How to Learn English Boys and girls，‎ I’m very glad to be here to talk about how to learn English.‎ First，we should put English into practice as much as possible.During the communicative course，the abilities of listening，speaking，reading and writing can be developed greatly and comprehensively.Also，learners can learn something meaningful from their partners.‎ Second，at the beginning of our English learning，we should pay more attention to listening and speaking.They are closely connected with reading and writing.What’s more，it can be said that they are the basis of English learning.Once they are ignored，there will be little possibilities for learners to have further selfimprovement.‎ Finally，grammar is important，which helps us understand and use English freely.Grammar tells learners how to organize the English structure.However，grammar is not everything to the learners.It’s proved that there is no need for us to spend most of our time learning grammar.‎ That is all about my experience.Thank you.‎ 名师点睛 在遣词造句上，作者使用了一些高级词汇，如：put...into practice，as much as possible，pay attention to，be closely connected with等；一些过渡词汇，如：also，what’s more，however等；一些句型，如：it作形式主语、there be句型、which引导的定语从句等。这些词汇和句型的使用清楚地表达了文章的内容，也体现了作者较好的语言组织能力。‎ 在文章结构上，作者使用了表示顺序的提示词first，second，finally依次阐述要点，从而使篇章结构具有条理性和层次性。同时，文章结尾部分的客套语与开头部分的开篇语前后吻合，符合演讲稿的结构要求。‎ Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1.fluency n.流畅度，流利度 fluent adj.流畅的，流利的 ‎2.thankful adj.为……感到高兴的；感谢的 thankfully adv.感谢地；感激地 ‎ thank n.感谢；vt.感谢 ‎3.trend n.趋势，倾向 ‎4.absence n.缺乏；缺席 absent adj.缺席的；缺少的 ‎5.theory n.理论；学说 ‎6.attain vt.达到；获得 ‎7.surround vt.环绕，围绕 surrounding adj.周围的 surroundings n.环境 ‎8.target n.目标 ‎9.enlarge vt.扩大 ‎10.adjust vt.调整；调节 adjustment n.调整；调节 ‎11.inform vt.告知，通知 information n.信息；通知 ‎12.announcement n.通告；宣告 announce vt.通告；宣告 ‎13.congratulate vt.祝贺 congratulation n.祝贺 ‎14.globe n.地球 global adj.全球性的 ‎15.sincerely adv.真诚地 sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎16.accuracy n.精确度，准确度 ‎17.royal adj.王室的，皇家的 ‎ ‎18.fold v.折叠；交叉 ‎19.adequate adj.足够的，充分的 ‎20.medium n.媒介物；渠道；adj.中等的；适中的 ‎21.ensure vt.确保，保证 ‎22.accelerate vi.&vt.加速 ‎23.guarantee vt.&n.保证 ‎24.relative n.亲戚，亲属 relate vt.叙述；使有联系 ‎25.unconscious adj.无意的；不知不觉的 ‎26.tight adj.绷紧的；紧张的 tightly adv.紧紧地 tighten vt.变紧；使变紧 ‎27.resemble vt.像；与……相似 ‎28.purchase vt.购买 ‎29.negotiate vt.协商；谈判 negotiation n.谈判 ‎30.ambiguous adj.模棱两可的 ‎31.approval n.赞成；赞许；批准 ‎32.applicant n.申请人 ‎33.candidate n.候选人 ‎34.regulation n.规则 regulate vt.调节，规定 ‎35.embarrass vt.使窘迫 embarrassment n.困窘；尴尬 embarrassed adj.尴尬的 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 ‎36.punctual adj.准时的，守时的 语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]‎ ‎1.He was thankful(thank) to Jimmy.‎ ‎2.To be a marrow donor，you must be a relative(relate) of the patient.(2014·福建)‎ ‎3.In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations(regulate) closely related to public order.‎ ‎(2015·江苏)‎ ‎4.Nearpod can be used to gain fluency(fluent) in speaking.(2015·安徽)‎ ‎5.Music like Mozart’s and Bach’s shouldn’t be absent(absence).(2014·福建)‎ ‎6.We’ve decided to negotiate(negotiation) with the employers about our wage claim.‎ ‎7.—I got that job I wanted at the public library.‎ ‎—Congratulations(congratulate)！That’s good news.(2014·陕西)‎ ‎8.More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit ‎ global(globe) warming.(2016·上海)‎ ‎9.I sincerely(sincere) wish you a pleasant time with us.Thank you.(2014·陕西)‎ ‎10.Dad had tightened(tight) your neck bolts(螺栓) too much！(2014·江西)‎ ‎1.in the absence of缺乏，不存在 ‎2.get ahead取得成功 ‎3.inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 ‎4.keep sth.in mind牢记 ‎5.catch on学会，理解 ‎6.for ages很久，很长时间 ‎7.consist of由……组成 ‎8.add to使增加，使扩大 ‎9.differ from与……相异，不同于 ‎10.on purpose故意地 ‎11.be aware of意识到，觉察到，明白 ‎12.on the other hand另一方面 ‎13.be similar to与……相似 ‎14.provided that如果；条件是 ‎15.I bet我肯定 语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]‎ To 1.get ahead(取得成功)in English，Li Hua has been working very hard to 2.catch on(学会)her lessons 3.for ages(很久) 4.in the absence of(缺乏)the native language environment.Several days ago，she joined the English Corner 5.consisting of(由……组成)twenty students.She 6.differs ‎ from(不同于) other students in some aspects.For example，she often 7.keeps in mind(牢记) what she has learned and tries her best to keep herself 8.informed of(被通知) the latest learning methods 9.provided that(如果) she has the opportunity.‎ ‎1.There’s no point (in)doing...‎ There’s no point reading the news in English if you’ve already watched it in your own language.‎ 如果你已用母语看过这则消息，再用英语来读是没有意义的。‎ 仿写　用不着让自己这么不安的。‎ There is no point in upsetting yourself.‎ ‎2.to put it simply To put it simply，if you want to be a success in the business world，you need a high level of English competence.‎ 简单地说，如果你想在商业世界中成为一个成功者，你需要高水平的英语能力。‎ 仿写　简单来说，我们手头上没有货。‎ To put it simply，we have nothing on hand.‎ ‎3.provided that...‎ Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.‎ 第三，你们说我只要预先付款就有折扣。‎ 仿写　你也去的话我就去。‎ I will go provided that you go too.‎ ‎ absence n.[C] &[U]缺席；不在某处；[U]缺乏 ‎(1)She has had repeated absences from work this year.今年她一再缺勤。(剑桥词典)‎ ‎(2)But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.‎ 但是缺乏社会技能的责任心会产生问题。‎ ‎(3)She is never absent from work without good cause.她决不无故缺勤。‎ ‎(1)absence of mind心不在焉 in sb.’s absence某人不在时 in the absence of sth.缺乏某物 ‎(2)absent adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的 be absent from缺席……(be present at 出席……)‎ 名师点拨 ‎(1)absence通常为不可数名词，但表示缺席或离开的次数或时间时，为可数名词。‎ ‎(2)表示做某事缺席，其后通常接介词from。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Nothing happened during his absence(absent) from America.‎ ‎(2)He has never been absent from class this term.‎ ‎(3)He came back after an absence of six months.‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(4)The decision was made while I was not there.‎ The decision was made in my absence.‎ ‎(5)When lacking proof，the police could not take action against the man.‎ In the absence of proof，the police could not take action against the man.‎ ‎ guarantee vt.保证；担保 n.保证；担保；保修单 ‎(1)Surely，there will be setbacks and disappointments in life；boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.‎ 当然生活中会有挫折和失望，勇敢本身不是成功的保证。(2015·天津)‎ ‎(2)Even if you complete your training，I can’t guarantee you a job.‎ 即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你找到一份工作。‎ ‎(3)The car is less than a year old，so it is still under guarantee.‎ 这辆汽车用了还不满一年，因此仍在保修期内。‎ guarantee sb.sth.保证某人某事 guarantee to do sth./that...保证做某事；确保……‎ be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会；必定会……‎ under guarantee在保修期内 give sb.a guarantee that...向某人担保……‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)I guarantee to pay(pay) off his debts.‎ ‎(2)This broken watch is still under guarantee.‎ ‎(3)This kind of behaviour is guaranteed(guarantee) to make him angry.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)我们保证在一周内将货物送到。‎ ‎①We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week./We guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.)‎ ‎②We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n.)‎ ‎ adjust v.调整，调节；(使)适应；习惯 ‎(1)To be exact，other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.‎ 确切地说，其他人可以扩展我们的智慧，并帮助我们了解和调整我们的情绪。(2016·江苏)‎ ‎(2)We have been preparing our fighters to adjust themselves to civil society.‎ 我们一直在培训我们的战士，以使他们适应普通的社会生活。‎ ‎(3)After I called the phone company they made an adjustment to my bill.‎ 我给电话公司打电话后，他们调整了我的账单。‎ ‎(1)adjust...to...调整……以适应……‎ adjust oneself to...使自己适应于……‎ adjust to doing...适应做……‎ ‎(2)make an adjustment/adjustments to...对……作出调整 名师点拨 adjust to中to为介词，后跟动词时用v.ing形式。‎ ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)It takes him quite a while to adjust to working(work) night shifts.‎ ‎(2)With the continuous changes of job market，I made adjustments(adjust) to my job expectations ‎ time and again.‎ ‎(3)He stopped to try to adjust his eyes to the light.‎ ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(4)她发现很难适应夜间工作。‎ She found it hard to adjust to working at night.‎ ‎(5)我们对价格作了调整，给你们百分之三的特殊优惠折扣。‎ We have made an adjustment to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.‎ ‎ inform vt.告知，通知；(使)了解；(使)熟悉 ‎(1)If accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.‎ 如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你将会很快得到通知。(2015·北京)‎ ‎(2)They would inform him of any progress they had made.‎ 他们会把他们取得的任何进展都告诉他。‎ ‎(1)inform sb.of/about sth.通知某人某事 keep sb.informed of/about...通知某人关于……；使某人知道……‎ inform sb.that...通知某人……‎ ‎(2)information n.消息；信息；通知；数据 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)The manager put up a notice to keep the staff informed(inform) of what to do this week.‎ ‎(2)For detailed information，consult Tom，who is informed well.(inform)‎ ‎(3)Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible.‎ ‎(4)I’m happy to inform(inform) you that you have been promoted to captain.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(5)He informed the company of the ship’s safe arrival.(改为复合句)‎ He informed the company that the ship had arrived safely.‎ ‎ negotiate vt.谈判；协商；商定 ‎(1)The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but we’ll never negotiate with criminals.”‎ 首相说：“我们准备和任何合法政党展开讨论，但决不会与罪犯谈判。”‎ ‎(2)The pilots are in negotiation with the airline managers.‎ 飞行员们正在跟航空公司的经理们谈判。‎ ‎(1)negotiate with sb.about/over/for sth.与某人商议某事/谈判某事 negotiate sth.with sb.通过与某人商议、谈判等处理或解决某事；商定；洽谈 ‎(2)negotiation n.协商；谈判 under negotiation在商谈中 in negotiation with和……协商/谈判中 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)He asked me to tell you that the contract is under negotiation.‎ ‎(2)It is not clear whether the president is willing to negotiate with the democrats.‎ ‎(3)We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation(negotiate).‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(4)Our English teacher is negotiating with the headmaster for the use of the library.(用强调句型强调主语)‎ It is our English teacher who/that is negotiating with the headmaster for the use of the library.‎ ‎ embarrass vt.使窘迫；使尴尬 ‎(1)Don’t ever，ever say anything to embarrass my customers again.‎ 永远不要再说那些使我的顾客难堪的话。(2014·山东)‎ ‎(2)She is embarrassed about her height.‎ 她对自己的身高感到尴尬。‎ ‎(3)It is embarrassing that our streets are so dirty.‎ 我们的街道这么脏真叫人难堪。‎ ‎(1)embarrassing adj.令人不安的；令人尴尬的 ‎(2)embarrassed adj.窘迫的；尴尬的 be embarrassed at/about因……感到尴尬 ‎(3)embarrassment n.尴尬；难堪；惹麻烦的人或事 to one’s embarrassment令某人尴尬的是 基础知识训练——[用embarrass的正确形式填空]‎ ‎(1)Embarrassed about his mistakes，he locked himself in his room.‎ ‎(2)That was an embarrassing situation for me.‎ ‎(3)Much to her embarrassment，she realized that everyone was staring at her.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)让他难堪的是，他对所发生的事情一无所知。‎ ‎①What embarrassed him was that he had no idea of what was going on.(embarrass)‎ ‎②To his embarrassment，he had no idea of what was going on.(embarrassment)‎ ‎ catch on学会；(思想、服饰等)受欢迎，流行起来；(被……)接受；理解，了解 ‎(1)The idea of glasses being a fashion item has been slow to catch on.‎ 眼镜也是一种时尚的概念慢慢开始流行起来。(朗文高阶)‎ ‎(2)He didn’t catch up with the first bus to work，so he had to take a taxi.‎ 他没有赶上早班公共汽车上班，只好坐出租车。‎ catch up with sb./sth.赶上……‎ catch sight of看见 catch one’s eye吸引某人的注意 catch sb.doing...发现某人正在做……‎ ‎[写出下列句子中catch on的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)The new dance quickly caught on among the students.流行起来 ‎(2)Please repeat what you said，I didn’t quite catch on.理解 ‎(3)Just keep trying.You’ll catch on soon.学会 ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(4)但是我不肯定是否写得够好能引起他们的注意。(2016·全国I)‎ But I’m not sure if they are written well enough to catch their eye.‎ ‎(5)卡尔是个外国人，不了解这个笑话的含义。‎ Being a foreigner，Carl did not catch on to the joke.‎ ‎(6)继续观察下去，说不定你可以看到意想不到的动物。‎ Keep looking up，and you may catch sight of some unexpected creatures.‎ ‎(7)她撞上他抽烟。‎ She caught him smoking a cigarette.‎ ‎ on the other hand另一方面 ‎(1)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand，it could just put you in debt.‎ 自己做生意也许是获得经济独立的一个方法。另一方面，它也可能让你负债。(2014·江西)‎ ‎(2)I’m not going to buy it.For one thing I don’t like the color，and for another it’s far too expensive.‎ 我不想买。一则我不喜欢它的颜色，二则它太贵了。‎ on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)...一方面……，另一方面……‎ for one thing...for another...一则……；二则……‎ 名师点拨 on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)...常表达相矛盾的两方面；for one thing...for another...陈述的两方面情况常一致。‎ 基础知识训练——[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不能忍受搬家。‎ On (the) one hand I want to sell the house，but on the other hand，I can’t bear the thought of moving.‎ ‎(2)我不去。一则我已经看过这部电影了；二则今晚我有一个重要会议要参加。‎ I won’t go.For one thing，I have seen the film；for another，I have an important meeting to attend tonight.‎ 写作能力提升——[高考小作文]‎ ‎(3)一方面，计算机提高人们的工作效率；另一方面，也引起一些新的问题。‎ On the one hand，computers improve the working efficiency；on the other hand，they also bring about some new problems.‎ ‎ adequate adj.足够的；适当的；合格的 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Are the parking facilities adequate for 50 cars?‎ ‎(2)He was adequate to the task.‎ ‎(3)Is your salary adequate to support(support) your family? ‎ 名师点拨 adequate后既可接介词for，也可接介词to，表示“足够”多用for，表示“适合，恰当，胜任”等多用to。表示“足够做某事”，其后既可接不定式，也可接for doing...。‎ ‎ ensure vt.保证；担保；确保 基础知识训练——[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)We should try all means to ensure ourselves against(确保我们免受) all possible risks.‎ ‎(2)A car’s tires should be checked regularly to ensure their safety(以保证其安全性).‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(3)This pill will ensure the patient a good night’s sleep.(改为复合句)‎ This pill will ensure that the patient has a good night’s sleep.‎ 名师点拨 ensure sb.from/against...确保某人免受……；没有ensure sb.to do...结构。‎ ‎ resemble vt.看起来像；类似；与……相似 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)You resemble your mother in character.‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(2)He and his father resemble to each other.‎ ‎(3)He and his brother each other.‎ 名师点拨 resemble不用于被动语态和进行时。‎ ‎ purchase vt.购买 n.购买；购买力 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)The equipment can be purchased(purchase) from your local supplier.‎ ‎(2)If you have made a purchase that is not listed，please contact us.‎ 名师点拨 make a purchase购买东西 ‎ Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.‎ 第三，你们说我只要预先付款就有折扣。‎ ‎(1)Provided that you have the money in your account，you can withdraw up to ￡100 a day.(牛津词典)‎ 只要账户存款足够，每天可提取不超过100英镑。‎ ‎(2)Supposing that there is no pure water，what shall we drink?‎ 假设没有纯净水，我们喝什么？‎ provided that引导一个条件状语从句，意为“如果，只要”；provided可以换成providing，that也可以省略。在英语中，引导条件状语从句的类似连词还有：suppose/supposing (that)，given (that)，assume/assuming (that)等。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)We can strike a bargain with you provided/providing(provide) that your price is competitive.‎ ‎(2)Too high house prices can be brought under control，assuming/assume(assume) that the authorities introduce a series of regulatory policies.‎ 写作能力提升——[完成句子]‎ ‎(3)如果我有计算机知识，这样的小事情我不会麻烦你。(give)‎ Given that I have a knowledge of computer，I won’t trouble you with such small things.‎ Ⅰ.教材与语法填空 It was predicted 1.that English would be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.Being able to speak more than one language can make you stand 2.out and get ahead.However，it’s difficult to learn English in the 3.absence(absent) of a native language environment.So most of us have to rely 4.on our school curriculum which encourages teachers to create 5.a rich language environment in the classroom.Teachers 6.must convey an adequate amount of input in English to the students.But to really get ahead，you need to do extra work outside of the classroom.Experts give some recommendations: 7.Setting(set) achievable targets；Listening to an English song after reading the words；Reading the news in English after watching it in 8.your own ‎ language；Watching your favourite DVD；Studying with your friends and rewarding yourself.These recommendations are easy to achieve and well worth the extra effort.9.However，putting in those extra 15 minutes a day does take dedication.To stay dedicated，you need to keep in mind 10.why you are learning English.‎ Ⅱ.教材与短文改错 Body language is used every single day by people of different nationality all over the world.It is a language consists of gestures，facial expressions and body movement.It differs spoken language as it is not always explicit.Someone who does not know an answer to a question will move their shoulders to upwards away from their upper body and then let them fall.Therefore，body language can be unconscious as well.As you know，body language can be very usefully when people didn’t share a common spoken language.Although sometimes body language can be ambiguous，but experts agree that the smile means the same in the world.‎ 答案　‎ Body language is used every single day by people of different all over the world.It is a language of gestures，facial expressions and body .It differs spoken language as it is not always explicit.Someone who does not know answer to a question will move their shoulders to upwards away from their upper body and then let them fall.，body language can be unconscious as well.As you know，body language can be very when people share a common spoken language.Although sometimes body language can be ambiguous，but experts agree that the smile means the same in the world.‎ Ⅲ.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于语言学习)‎ ‎1.有一种关于语言习得的著名理论：为了扩大词汇量，你应当确保足够的练习。‎ ‎2.你应当有一个明确的目标来确保获得它。‎ ‎3.但有人认为，没有外语语言环境，学好一门外语是很难的。‎ ‎4.然而，你可以通过足够的课程来学好一门外语。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用that引导的同位语从句，主语从句等结构。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇60词左右的英语短文)‎ There is a famous theory on language acquisition that to enlarge a large vocabulary you should ensure adequate practice.You should have an explicit target to ensure to attain it.It is thought that it’s very difficult to learn a foreign language in the absence of a native language environment.However，you can learn a foreign language through enough curriculums.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1.The surveys inform us of the parents’ overprotection of their college children.(2015·北京)‎ ‎2.In theory，they should live by the French law.(2016·四川)‎ ‎3.Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets(target).(2016·上海)‎ ‎4.It is read so that the reader may be informed(inform) and prepared.(2015·江苏)‎ ‎5.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass(embarrass) themselves.(2015·福建)‎ ‎6.More efforts，as reported，will be made in the years ahead to accelerate(accelerate) the supplyside structural reform.(2016·江苏)‎ ‎7.I managed to stand out among the candidates(candidate) and survive the test alone.(2014·广东)‎ ‎8.Freedom needs to be guaranteed(guarantee) by responsibility.(2015·江苏)‎ ‎9.She ultimately purchased(purchase) a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.(2015·湖北)‎ ‎10.Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight，but it’s easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure(ensure) healthy eyes.(2014·辽宁)‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 Speaking two languages can actually help offset(抵消) some effects of aging on the brain，a new study has found.‎ Researchers tested how long it took participants to switch from one cognitive(认知的) task to another，something that’s known to take longer for older adults，said lead researcher，Brian Gold，a neuroscientist at the University of Kentucky.‎ Gold’s team compared taskswitching speeds for younger and older adults，knowing they would find slower speeds in the older population because of previous studies.However，they found that older adults who spoke two languages were able to switch mental activities faster than those didn’t.The study only looked at lifelong bilinguals(会说两种语言的人) defined in study as people speaking a second language daily since they were at least 10 years old.‎ Gold and his team asked 30 people，either bilingual or monolingual(只懂一种语言的人)，to have a series of tests.They found that bilingual people were not only able to switch tasks faster—they had different brain activities than their monolingual peers.‎ Kristina called bilingualism “a beautiful natural experiment”，because people grow up speaking two languages，and studies have shown that they get certain cognitive benefits from switching between languages and determining which to respond with based on what’s going on around them.‎ Gold said he grew up in Montreal，where he spoke French at school and English at home，prompting relatives to question whether his French language immersion would somehow hinder his ability to learn English.‎ ‎“Until very recently，learning a second language in childhood was thought of as dangerous，” he said.“Actually，it’s beneficial.”‎ 语篇解读　该篇文章讲述了能讲两种语言可以减缓大脑衰老的速度，并且会说两种语言的人比只会说一种语言的人反应速度快。‎ ‎11.What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A.Researchers found that speaking two languages is important.‎ B.Researchers found that bilingual people respond slowly.‎ C.Researchers found that bilingual people can slow down the speed of aging on the brain and respond fast.‎ D.Researchers found that bilingual people are great.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是文章主体段落第一段可知：能讲两种语言可以减缓大脑衰老的速度，并且会说两种语言的人比只会说一种语言的人反应速度快。故选C。‎ ‎12.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A.Older bilinguals can’t respond faster in mind.‎ B.Older adults speaking a second language daily since they were at least 10 years old can respond faster than those who don’t.‎ C.Young bilinguals can respond faster in mind than those monolinguals.‎ D.Bilingual children respond slower in mind than those monolinguals.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“However，they found that older adults who spoke two languages were able to switch mental activities faster than those didn’t.The study only looked at lifelong bilinguals(会说两种语言的人) defined in study as people speaking a second language daily since they were at least 10 years old.”可知B项正确。‎ ‎13.Kristina called bilingualism “a beautiful natural experiment” because .‎ A.people grow up，benefiting from speaking two languages B.people speaking two languages are natural C.people speaking two languages are beautiful D.people speaking two languages like the experiment 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“...because people grow up speaking two languages，and studies have shown that they get certain cognitive benefits from switching between languages and determining which to respond with based on what’s going on around them.”可知，是因为人们长大后会得益于说两种语言。故选A。‎ ‎14.We can learn from the last paragraph that learning a second language in childhood is .‎ A.dangerous to children B.not beneficial to children C.dangerous but beneficial to children D.not dangerous but beneficial to children 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断在儿童时期学习第二语言是有益无害的。故选D。‎ Ⅲ.七选五 ‎(2017·河北武邑中学调研)‎ How to Become an Effective Leader The key to becoming an effective leader is not to focus on making other people follow，but on making yourself the kind of person they want to follow. 15 It takes time to become a trustworthy leader.‎ As you prepare yourself to become a better leader，use the following guidelines to help you grow：‎ ‎·Don’t be selfcentered.‎ The truly great leaders are not in leadership for personal gain. 16 Perhaps that is why Lawrence Bell remarked，“A man who cannot bother to do little things for others are unlikely to become a good leader.”‎ ‎· 17 ‎ Rare is the effective leader who didn’t learn to become a good follower first.That is why a leadership institution such as the United States Military Academy teaches its officers to become effective followers first.‎ ‎·Work with excellence.‎ No one respects and follows mediocrity(平庸).Leaders who earn the right to lead give their all to what they do.They bring into play not only their skills and talents，but also great passion and hard work. 18 ‎ ‎·Give your power away.‎ What makes leadership so special is that you become a better leader by sharing whatever ‎ power you have，not by saving it all for yourself. 19 If you use your power to empower others，your leadership will extend far beyond your grasp.‎ A.Become a good follower first.‎ B.You are meant to be a river，not a pool.‎ C.They lead in order to serve other people.‎ D.Leaders help people to reach their potential.‎ E.Leadership isn’t learned or earned in a moment.‎ F.Leadership is influence，nothing more，nothing less.‎ G.They perform on the highest level of which they are capable.‎ ‎15.答案　E 解析　后句“It takes time to become a trustworthy leader.”提到成为一个值得信赖的领导人需要时间，故E项“领导能力不是须臾之间习得或得到的”符合语境。 ‎ ‎16.答案　C 解析　前句“The truly great leaders are not in leadership for personal gain.”提到真正的领导人不是为了个人所得。故后句应是“领导人应该是为他人服务的”。故C符合语境。‎ ‎17.答案　A 解析　A选项与本段中的“become a good follower first”相符合。故A符合要求。‎ ‎18.答案　G 解析　前句提到领导者应该尽自己的最大努力，与G选项中的“perform on the highest level”相符。故G符合语境。‎ ‎19.答案　B 解析　上句提到要与别人分享你的权利。故B项“你应做一条流淌的河，而不是一潭死水”符合语境。‎ Ⅳ.完形填空 A Deed a Day It was a busy day as usual.I was making sandwiches and balancing the phone between my shoulder and chin.The washing machine sounded as my husband walked in with our daughters.We had only about twenty minutes to eat 20 we had to take the girls to their next activity.My husband seemed a bit 21 as dinner was not on the table.‎ That night，I had a heavy 22 ，thinking we were becoming taskmasters on an assembly line(流水线).We had become too 23 in our own tasks and not very considerate towards those around us.We needed to do something to bring back some meaning into our lives.It needed to be something that would 24 our own agendas and energize us toward the common good.‎ I bought a notebook，named it “Our Deed Diary” and held a family meeting.I told my family I wanted us all to think about doing a 25 for others every day.It could be for each other or for people outside our 26 .And we all needed to write it down in the notebook.‎ I thought one deed a day was too easy.However，it was actually 27 than it seemed because it had to be something 28 what we had already done.Sending birthday cards to people we already sent cards to every year would not 29 .‎ We had a rough 30 .On some days，someone would forget to 31 a good deed，while on other days，we would forget to write our good deeds in the diary.After a few weeks though，I found myself waking up in the morning trying to 32 what good deed I could do for someone that day.My daughters began to rush to me after school to 33 me the good deed they had done.‎ Now，after a year，I am happy to say that it is making a(n) 34 in our lives.Instead of always 35 what the day will bring for us，we think about what we can do for someone else.‎ Who would have thought that trying to do a simple kindness a day would be so 36 ？I feel my daughters have felt inner joy that you can only 37 by giving to someone else from your heart.The best thing is that you feel so great about doing something for someone else; you don’t even look for or expect anything in 38 .So，when someone does return the favor，it is an enormous and positive 39 .‎ 语篇解读　本文叙述的是作者希望每天为别人做一件好事，但是通过自己的经历发现这并不是一件容易的事。‎ ‎20.A.though B.unless C.while D.before 答案　D 解析　句意为：在我们不得不送女儿们去她们的下一个活动之前我们只有20分钟的时间吃饭。根据句意可知，选D。‎ ‎21.A.annoyed B.puzzled C.embarrassed D.frightened 答案　A 解析　annoyed烦恼的，生气的；puzzled疑惑的；embarrassed尴尬的；frightened害怕的。根据语境，由于当时时间紧迫，而作者还没有准备好早餐，故可推断她的丈夫是有点生气了，故选A。‎ ‎22.A.shoulder B.stomach C.heart D.foot 答案　C 解析　句意为：那天晚上，我心情沉重，想着……。故选C。‎ ‎23.A.interested B.absorbed C.confident D.successful 答案　B 解析　be absorbed in是固定搭配，意为“专注于”，符合语境。故选B。 ‎ ‎24.A.repeat B.relate C.recall D.refocus 答案　D 解析　repeat重复；relate联系；recall回忆；refocus重新关注。此处所说的是作者希望能重新关注自己的日程，故答案为D。‎ ‎25.A.kindness B.task C.job D.copy 答案　A 解析　根据最后一段第一句中的“kindness”可知，本题应选A。‎ ‎26.A.room B.school C.home D.town 答案　C 解析　根据上下文可知，作者设想家里的每个成员每天都为自己的家人或外面的人做一件好事，故选C。‎ ‎27.A.stranger B.sweeter C.harder D.bigger 答案　C 解析　根据上下文可知，作者原先以为每天做一件好事并把它记录下来是一件很容易的事，但从后来的经历发现，这很难做到，由此可知应选C。‎ ‎28.A.between B.from C.about D.beyond 答案　D 解析　beyond是介词，意为“超越……”，符合语境，故选D。‎ ‎29.A.matter B.count C.last D.happen 答案　B 解析　句意为：给每年都送卡片的人发送生日贺卡不算数。count算数，符合语境。‎ ‎30.A.time B.start C.life D.idea 答案　B 解析　句意为：刚开始时，我们遇到了一些困难。故选B。‎ ‎31.A.praise B.check C.record D.do 答案　D 解析　do a good deed意为“做好事”，故选D。‎ ‎32.A.describe B.decide C.remember D.explain 答案　B 解析　句意为：几周以后作者每天早上醒来第一件事就是决定当天要为别人做什么好事。故选B。‎ ‎33.A.bring B.teach C.tell D.offer 答案　C 解析　分析句子意思可知，放学后，作者的两个女儿就冲回来告诉(tell)她当天她们分别做了什么好事，故选C。‎ ‎34.A.difference B.choice C.effort D.fortune 答案　A 解析　make a difference是固定搭配，意为“起作用，有影响”。‎ ‎35.A.forgetting B.believing C.knowing D.wondering 答案　D 解析　根据上下文的意思可知，此句作者是说她现在每天不是在期待有什么事情将会发生在自己的身上，而是在设想如何去为别人做点事。故选D。‎ ‎36.A.tiring B.moving C.rewarding D.surprising 答案　C 解析　‎ 句意为：谁能想到试着每天做一件小小的善事会有如此的回报？rewarding有回报的，有收获的，符合语境。‎ ‎37.A.experience B.imagine C.predict D.exchange 答案　A 解析　句意为：只有通过真心给予才能体验到。故选A。‎ ‎38.A.silence B.time C.return D.order 答案　C 解析　分析文章可知，作者做好事是不求回报的。in return作为回报，故选C。‎ ‎39.A.effect B.attitude C.bonus D.contribution 答案　C 解析　句意为：因此，当有人真的给予回报时，那会是一个极大的、积极的奖励。故选C。bonus奖金，红利，额外津贴。‎