山东省泰安一中2020届高三最后冲刺题型组合练习5英语试题 Word版含解析

山东省泰安一中2020届高三最后冲刺题型组合练习5英语试题 Word版含解析

‎2020届山东省泰安一中高三最后冲刺题型组合练习5‎ 英语试题 Ⅰ 阅读理解 A Leaders shape history and here is a selection of the most remarkable views into these public figures plus first-hand accounts by those with access to them.‎ Margaret Thatcher by Charles Moore (2013)‎ Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher. Moore’s account is different. He shows that far from being fearless, she could often be fearful without cause. The final volume will include her fall from power.‎ Harold Wilson by Ben Pimlott (1992)‎ Harold Wilson had become a ghostly figure when this book was published in 1992. The absence heightened a sense of mystery. Who was he? How to explain his seemingly contradictory characteristics? Pimlott solves some of the mysteries; the book is detailed until Wilson’s final phase as prime minister in 1974.‎ Churchill by Roy Jenkins (2001)‎ Jenkins writes a politician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchill’s historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the Commons. Jenkins had resigned from high positions in battles over policy, and as one that changed parties, though not as frequently as Churchill did.‎ Roy Jenkins by John Campbell (2014)‎ Campbell calmly narrates the many political and personal dramas, including Jenkins’ intense relationship with Anthony Crosland when they were both students at Oxford. Campbell also addresses Jenkins’ various affairs with women. Like Jenkins’s political heroes, he led many lives. Campbell is sharp in describing each of them.‎ Diaries, Volumes One to Six by Alastair Campbell (2017)‎ Love or hate him, Campbell remains the master of the inside story, and not just because of his unusual ideas on the relationship between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. This is an incredibly detailed book on what it’s like to live inside No. 10: the cruel space of events; and the constant conflict with the media.‎ - 13 -‎ ‎1. Which of the following leaders has the largest number of books written about them?‎ A. Harold Wilson. B. Churchill.‎ C. Margaret Thatcher. D. Tony Blair.‎ ‎2. Which writer was once a politician?‎ A. Ben Pimlott. B. Charles Moore.‎ C. John Campbell. D. Roy Jenkins.‎ ‎3. What’s purpose of the author’s writing the passage?‎ A. To introduce some histories on selections.‎ B. To recommend some books on leaders.‎ C. To tell some mysteries about historians.‎ D. To think highly of some famous leaders.‎ ‎【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文属于应用文。主要介绍了几本关于著名领导人的书。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher.” 在摩尔出版自己传记的第一卷之前，关于撒切尔的书就已经堆积如山了。可知,在穆尔出版他的第一本传记之前，Thatcher 已经有很多书了。故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由文章第四段中对Jenkins的介绍“Jenkins had resigned from high positions in battles over policy, and as one that changed parties, ....” 詹金斯在政策斗争中辞去了高级职务，并改变了政党，可知Roy Jenkins曾是个政治家，故选D。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。第一段指出：领导者创造历史，这里有对这些公众人物最引人注目的见解，还有那些能接触到他们的人的第一手资料。接着在下文介绍了几本书就是关系几位公众人物的书。综合第一段和全文内容可知是推荐关于这些领导人的书的。故选C。‎ B Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution，according to a new study published recently. In the first study of its kind，a team of international researchers - 13 -‎ ‎ looked at the damage caused by one of the pollutants that has the most severe impact on health: PM2.5.‎ Particulate matter，or PM，is a type of air pollutant consisting of small particles of different sizes. PM2.5 has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers，about 30 times smaller than a human hair. These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system (呼吸系统), resulting in lung and systemic inflammation (炎症) and stress.‎ The team found that something as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human body，although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small.‎ For this study，10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo (安慰剂) to check their responses. The group then took another placebo for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto，where an estimated 1，000 cars pass every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygen－type” face mask. The experiment was then repeated，with each volunteer taking a vitamin B supplement daily made up of 2.5 mg of folic acid，50 mg of vitamin B6，and 1 mg of vitamin B12. B6 can be found in liver，chicken and nuts，and B12 in fish，meat，eggs，milk and some cereals.‎ The researchers found that four weeks of vitamin B supplements reduced the damage of PM2.5 exposure by 28%－76%. The results highlight how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5.‎ ‎4. Why is PM2.5 harmful to our health?‎ A. It pollutes and poisons the air. B. It is too much to be got rid of.‎ C. It carries viruses and diseases. D. It is easily breathed in and damages our body.‎ ‎5. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?‎ A. The process of the research was not scientific.‎ B. This kind of research has been done many times.‎ C. Further studies are needed to confirm their findings.‎ D. Vitamin B is hard to obtain in people’s daily life.‎ ‎6. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. International researchers have a new finding.‎ - 13 -‎ B. Vitamin B could reduce the damage of PM2.5.‎ C. Particulate matter does great harm to our health.‎ D Emission control and regulation are badly needed.‎ ‎7. The new study was probably published ________.‎ A. in a science journal B. on a government website C. in a fashion magazine D. in a medical textbook ‎【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章提到吸入人体内的PM2.5会导致疾病。不过，研究发现维生素B在一定程度上能降低PM2.5的危害。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system，resulting in lung and systemic inflammation and stress（这些颗粒非常小，它们可以进入我们的呼吸系统，导致肺部和全身的炎症和压力）可知，PM2.5 (细颗粒物)很小，能进入我们的呼吸系统，导致肺部和全身炎症。故选D项。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 推理判断题 。根据第三段中的although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small（尽管他们强调研究还处于早期阶段，样本量也较小）可知，该项研究处于初级阶段且样本规模小，因此还需要更多的研究来证明研究团队的发现。故选C项。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。首先作者在文章第一段第一行提到Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution（维生素B可以帮助减轻最危险的空气污染的影响），接着文章的文章第一段剩余部分和第二段谈到PM2.5的定义以及PM2.5的危害。从文章的第三段到第五段作者通过研究的过程和数据告诉我们维生素B能降低PM2.5的危害。综合分析，这篇文章主要再讲维生素B能降低PM2.5的危害。故选B项。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第一段Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution，according to a new study published recently（根据最近发表的一项新研究，维生素B可以帮助减轻最危险的空气污染的影响）可知，后面段落的内容都是用来描述这个已公布新研究的一些细节。因此可以判断该文很可能出自科学期刊。故选A项。‎ - 13 -‎ 第二节 七选五 How to support your friends when they are down One of the greatest things about having friends is that they can be there for you when you’re feeling down. ___8___ Here’s how to be a good friend when you’re needed.‎ ‎___9___ Therefore, you’ll be able to tell what your friend is upset about, and thus avoid awkwardly sitting with no idea what is going on or what to say. It will also give you an advantage because it’ll make it easier for you to know what are the right and wrong statements to make.‎ Be an active listener. When your friends pause and look to you for a response, repeat what they just said. ___10___‎ Give your friend a hug, whether he or she shared anything with you or not. ____11____ You could also pat (轻拍) him or her gently on the shoulder or back.‎ Don’t use this as an opportunity to talk about yourself and your own problems. ___12___ There is nothing worse than one person adding to the woes (悲痛) by trying to outcompete with the other’s own woes. Drop it and be empathetic (同情的) in more constructive ways.‎ A. This is about your friend!‎ B. They can cheer you up, or even help you in a way.‎ C. Know the situation before you attempt to help your friend.‎ D. Don’t make your friend do anything he or she doesn’t want to.‎ E Then tell them about some problems that have made you sad or angry.‎ F. But do it in your own words to show that you are really listening to him or her.‎ G. Sometimes, a friend just needs another friend’s touch to make him/her feel better.‎ ‎【答案】8. B 9. C 10. F 11. G 12. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。拥有朋友最重要的事情之一就是当你情绪低落的时候他们会在你身边。他们可以让你高兴起来，甚至在某种程度上帮助你。文章就当朋友情绪低落时，该如何支持他们提出了一些建议。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 根据上文One of the greatest things about having friends is that they can be there for you when you’re feeling down.可知拥有朋友最重要的事情之一就是当你情绪低落的时候他们会在你身边。由此可知，本句承接上文说明朋友的作用。故B - 13 -‎ 选项“他们可以让你高兴起来，甚至在某种程度上帮助你”符合上下文语境，故选B。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 根据后文Therefore, you’ll be able to tell what your friend is upset about, and thus avoid awkwardly sitting with no idea what is going on or what to say.可知这样，你就能知道你的朋友在烦恼什么，从而避免尴尬地坐着，不知道发生了什么，也不知道该说什么。由此可知，在试图帮助朋友之前，要了解情况，避免尴尬。故C选项“在你试图帮助你的朋友之前，先了解情况”符合上下文语境，故选C。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 根据上文Be an active listener. When your friends pause and look to you for a response, repeat what they just said.可知做一个积极的倾听者。当你的朋友停下来等待你的回应时，重复他们刚刚说过的话。由此可知，积极的倾听者要求你可以重复他们的话，但是可以用自己的话来表明你在认真听他或她说。故F选项“但是用你自己的话来表明你真的在听他或她说”符合上下文语境，故选F。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 根据后文You could also pat him or her gently on the shoulder or back.可知你也可以轻拍他或她的肩膀或背部。由此可知，可以通过触碰朋友来让他或她感觉好一些。故G选项“有时候，一个朋友只是需要另一个朋友的触摸来让他或她感觉好一些”符合上下文语境，故选G。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 根据前文Don’t use this as an opportunity to talk about yourself and your own problems.可知不要利用这个机会向朋友诉说你的烦恼。由此可知，不要和朋友谈论自己的痛苦，而是要谈论你朋友的事情。故A选项“这是关于你朋友的！”符合上下文语境，故选A。‎ Ⅱ 完形填空 Every Friday and Saturday night I deliver food for a local food delivery company. I need this second job to pay off the ___13___ that resulted from an accident a few years ago.‎ Last night I got a(n) ___14___ in which the restaurant and the customer's house were pretty far away from each other. This was actually a ___15___ thing. The customer got charged a higher delivery fee, which would be paid to me.‎ I ___16___ the customer's food and drove to his house. Though I used Google Maps, I still had problems___17___ his house. I called the customer and he told me that the address on the order was ___18___. When I knew this, I became very ___19___. By this time I had already ___20___ half an - 13 -‎ ‎ hour on this order. What's more, I had___21___ another order which got reassigned (再分配) to another person during the time.‎ Another 30 minutes later I got to the customer's door. I ____22____ him to be in a bad mood because his delivery had taken so long. ____23____ I was greeted by a very pleasant customer. He____24____ to me that his wife's eyesight was not that great so she had put in the wrong address in the order ____25____, so the whole thing was their ____26____‎ Knowing the____27____, I didn't complain to the customer. I____28____ my anger towards the couple. But he said he felt so ____29____ for me and decided to give me an additional ＄30 cash for my ____30____. I knew I needed money, but I also knew forgiving was a virtue. So I ____31____‎ Later the company ____32____ me for what I had done and I was given an extra amount of money as a reward. You can't imagine how happy I was!‎ ‎13. A. debt B. ticket C. product D. tax ‎14. A. form B. reply C. order D. position ‎15. A. clear B. difficult C. dull D. good ‎16. A. picked up B. cut up C. paid for D. waited for ‎17. A. fixing B. finding C. designing D. judging ‎18. A. common B. strange C. wrong D. secret ‎19. A. worried B. relieved C. nervous D. angry ‎20. A. got B. saved C. enjoyed D. wasted ‎21. A. lost B. finished C. signed D. forgotten ‎22 A. needed B. wanted C. expected D. proved ‎23. A. Anyhow B. Besides C. Therefore D. However ‎24. A. admitted B. explained C. complained D. suggested ‎25. A. in return B. with pleasure C. by accident D. on purpose ‎26. A. excuse B. fault C. choice D. request ‎27. A. truth B. goal C. decision D. opinion ‎28. A. understood B. regretted C. expressed D. canceled ‎29. A. anxious B. ashamed C. sorry D. afraid ‎30. A. trouble B. courage C. progress D. patience ‎31. A. changed B. refused C. accepted D. agreed - 13 -‎ ‎32. A. employed B. fired C. charged D. praised ‎【答案】13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述作者做兼职，帮食品公司快递快餐，一份订单的地址写错了，让作者浪费了半小时。作者很生气，见到顾客后，顾客的态度和解释让作者原谅了他们，为此作者受到公司的表扬。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我需要这份第二份工作来偿还几年前一场事故造成的债务。A. debt债务；B. ticket票； C. product产品；D. tax税。根据上文pay off 可知，作者需要还清债务。故选A。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：昨晚我接到一个订单，餐馆和顾客的家离得很远。A. form表格；B. reply回复；C. order订单；D. position位置。根据上文deliver food可知，作者得到一个订单。故选C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这其实是件好事。A. clear清楚的；B. difficult困难的；C. dull枯燥的；D. good好的。根据下文The customer got charged a higher delivery fee, which would be paid to me可知，这实际上是好事。故选D。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拿起顾客的食物，开车去他家。A. picked up捡起；B. cut up切碎；C. paid for为……付钱；D. waited for等待。根据下文the customer's food可知，作者提取顾客的食物，开车去他的家。故选A。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我用的是谷歌地图，但还是找不到他家。A. fixing固定；B. finding发现；C. designing设计；D. judging 判断。根据上文Though I used Google Maps可知，作者使用谷歌地图，还是很难找到他的家。故选B。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ - 13 -‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我打电话给客户，他告诉我订单上的地址是错的A. common普通的；B. strange奇怪的；C. wrong错误的；D. secret秘密的。根据下文put in the wrong address可知，顾客告诉作者地址是错的。故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我知道这件事时，我非常生气。A. worried担心的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. nervous紧张的；D. angry生气的。根据下文my anger可知，作者很生气。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个订单我已经浪费了半个小时了。A. got得到；B. saved拯救；C. enjoyed享受；D. wasted浪费。到那时我已经浪费了半小时，故选D。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我丢失了另一个订单，在此期间被重新分配给另一个人。A. lost失去；B. finished完成；C. signed签名；D. forgotten忘记。作者失去了另外一份订单。故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为他心情不好，因为他的递送花了这么长时间。A. needed需要；B. wanted想要； C. expected预计，期待；D. proved证明。根据下文because his delivery had taken so long可知，作者估计顾客的心情会不好。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我受到了一位非常友好的顾客的欢迎。A. Anyhow不管怎样；B. Besides此外；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。根据下文I was greeted by a very pleasant customer可知，顾客很高兴，和上文相反。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他向我解释说他妻子的视力不是很好，所以她不小心把地址写错了，所以整件事都是他们的错A. admitted承认；B. explained解释；C. complained抱怨；D. suggested建议。根据下文to me that his wife's eyesight was not that great可知，顾客解释妻子的视力不好。故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：他向我解释说他妻子的视力不是很好，所以她不小心把地址写错了，所以整件事都是他们的错A. in return作为回报；B. with pleasure乐意地；C. by accident - 13 -‎ 偶然地；D. on purpose故意地。根据上文to me that his wife's eyesight was not that great可知，顾客妻子偶然将地址写错。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向我解释说他妻子的视力不是很好，所以她不小心把地址写错了，所以整件事都是他们的错A. excuse借口；B. fault错误；C. choice选择；D. request要求。根据上文to me that his wife's eyesight was not that great可知，这个事情是他们的过错。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道真相后，我没有向顾客抱怨。A. truth真相；B. goal目标；C. decision决定；D. opinion观点。作者知道真相后，没有抱怨。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我取消了对那对夫妇的愤怒。A. understood理解；B. regretted后悔；C. expressed表达；D. canceled取消。根据上文I didn't complain to the customer可知，作者取消对这对夫妇的愤怒。故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是他说他为我感到很抱歉，并决定给我额外的30美元现金来补偿我的麻烦。A. anxious 焦虑的；B. ashamed 羞愧的；C. sorry 难过的,抱歉；D. afraid 害怕的。根据decided to give me an additional ＄30 cash 可知，他说对我感到抱歉，故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是他说他为我感到很抱歉，并决定给我额外的30美元现金来补偿我的麻烦。A. trouble麻烦；B. courage勇气；C. progress过程；D. patience耐心。因为给作者带来麻烦，他决定额外给作者30美元。故选A。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我需要钱，但我也知道宽恕是一种美德。所以我拒绝了A. changed改变；B. refused拒绝；C. accepted接受；D. agreed同意。根据上文I also knew forgiving was a virtue可知，作者拒绝了额外的钱，故选B。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来公司表扬了我所做事情，并给了我一笔额外的钱作为奖励。A. employed雇佣；B. fired解雇；C. charged负责；D. praised表扬。根据下文I was given an extra amount of money as a reward可知，公司表扬了作者。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in - 13 -‎ ‎ addition/what’s more/though等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but(但是)、however(然而)，表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第11小题，句意：然而，我受到了一位非常友好的顾客的欢迎。A. Anyhow不管怎样；B. Besides此外；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。根据下文I was greeted by a very pleasant customer可知，顾客很高兴，和上文相反。故选D。‎ Ⅲ 语法填空 Last Christmas, I wanted to give the woman ____33____ cleans my apartment a nice gift in ____34____ (appreciate). Since I know she doesn’t have much money, I decided ____35____ (write) her a generous check so she could use it however she wanted. I put it in an attractive card with a photo of a cat and a dog on ____36____ (it) cover because she loves animals.‎ The card came with a nice message, and I also added a personal message in which I thanked her ____37____ her good services, wishing her the best for the coming year and for her dreams coming true.‎ ‎___38___ (tear) of gratitude rolled down her face when she saw my message, before she even saw the check! She said, “You took the time to write me a personal message; now I feel really ____39____ (love). I’m going to save this card for ____40____ rest of my life!”‎ This reminds me that what people really want is to be acknowledged and appreciated, and to know that they matter. This is what’s really important when ____41____ (give) a gift. In this case it _____42_____ (obvious) was not about the money, but about making a sincere heart connection.‎ ‎【答案】33. that/who ‎ ‎34. appreciation ‎ ‎35. to write ‎ ‎36. its 37. for ‎ ‎38. Tears 39. loved ‎ ‎40. the 41. giving ‎ ‎42. obviously ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在圣诞节给打扫公寓的阿姨送礼物以示感谢的故事。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ - 13 -‎ 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词the woman，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人故应用关系代词that或who。故填that/who。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：去年圣诞节，我想送给那位打扫我公寓的女士一件礼物以示感谢。结合句意表示“以示感谢”短语为in appreciation。in为介词后接名词作宾语。故填appreciation。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：因为我知道她没有多少钱，所以我决定给她一张慷慨的支票，这样她就可以想怎么用就怎么用了。结合句意表示“决定做某事”短语为decide to do sth.，后跟不定式。故填to write。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词cover。故填its。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：这张卡片上写了一句美好的话，我还加了一句个人的话，感谢她为我所做的一切，祝愿她在新的一年里一切顺利，梦想成真。结合句意表示“因为某事而感谢某人”短语为thank sb. for sth.。故填for。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词的数。tear作“眼泪，泪水”讲时，为可数名词，前面没有冠词，故用复数形式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Tears。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。feel为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，根据语境可知，I和love之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词loved。故填loved。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查冠词。the rest表示“剩余部分”，此处特指“我的余生”，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎41题详解】‎ 考查状语从句的省略。本句是一个省略句，补充完整应该是：when you are giving a gift。如果状语从句中的主语可根据主从句的对应关系判断，且从句中含有动词“be”的某种形式，则可以省略从句中的“主语＋be”部分，故用现在分词giving。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词obviously作状语修饰句子，表示“明显地”。故填obviously。‎ - 13 -‎ - 13 -‎