2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（14）

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（14）

‎2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（14） ‎ Passage Fourteen (Pageants)‎ Pageants are usually conceived on a fairly large scale, often under the auspices of some local or civic authority or at any rate in connection with local groups of some kind. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.‎ Most pageants have a historical flavour as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy. Research among archives and books in the public library will probably prove very useful and produce some workable ideas which will give the production an especially local flavour. From the first economy will have to be practiced because there are usually a great number of people to dress. Leading characters can be considered individually in the same way as when designing for a play; but the main body of the performers will need to be planned in groups and the massed effect must be always borne in mind.‎ Many pageants take place in daylight in the open air. This is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. No longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers. Very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes. The location needs to be studied and then a decision can be made as to what kinds of colors and textures will harmonize best with the surroundings and conditions and then to carry this out as far as possible on the funds available.‎ If money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion. When there is little or no money at all, the garments need to be reduced to the basic necessities.‎ ‎ Cloaks and shawls become invaluable, sheets and large bath towels and bath sheets are admirable for draping. Unwanted curtains and bed spreads can be cut to make tunics, robes and skirts. These are particularly valuable if they are of heavy fabrics such as velvet or chenille.‎ Colors should be massed together so that there are contrasting groups of dark and light, this will be found to help the visual result substantially. Crowds of people gathered together in a jumble of colors will be ground to look quite purposeless and will lack dramatic impact.‎ The use of numbers of identical head-dresses, however simply made, are always effective when working with groups. If these are made of cardboard and painted boldly the cost can be almost negligible. Helmets, hats and plumes will all make quite a show even if the costumes are only blandest or sheets cleverly draped. The same can be said of the use of banners, shields and poles with stiff pennants and garlands—anything which will help to have a unifying effect. Any kind of eye-catching device will always go with a flourish and add excitement to the scenes.‎ ‎1.      The main idea of this passage is ‎[A]. Pageants.                          . Costumes on the stage.‎ ‎[C]. Costumes for pageants.                [D].  How to arrange a pageant.‎ ‎2.      It can be inferred that the most important factor in costume design is ‎ ‎[A]. money.         . color.          [C]. harmony         [D]. texture ‎3.      Why will much ingenuity have to be required in costume design?‎ ‎[A]. Because pageants take place in daylight in the open air.‎ ‎. Because different characters require different costumes.‎ ‎[C]. Because the colors and textures must be in harmony with the setting.‎ ‎[D]. Because an allocation of the funds available is usually rather small.‎ ‎4.      Why do most pageants have a historical flavour?‎ ‎[A]. Because most pageants take place for celebration.‎ ‎. Many pageants take place for amusement.‎ ‎[C]. A lot of pageants take place for religion.‎ ‎[D]. Because pageants usually take place for competition.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.   conceive                     设想，想象 ‎        to be conceived            设想好的，构思好的 ‎2.   under the auspices of           在……的主办下 ‎3.   meager                      贫乏的，不足的 ‎4.   mount                       登上，制作，上演 ‎5.   flavour                      风味，风格，情趣 ‎6.   archive(s)                    档案（馆）‎ ‎7.   distraction                    使人分心的事 ‎8.   ivy                          常春藤 ‎9.   mellow                       柔和的 ‎10.  recourse (to)                   依赖，求助于  ‎ ‎11.  drape                         覆盖，披上 ‎12.  invaluable                     无价的，非常贵重的 ‎13.  tunic                         （古时）长达膝盖的外衣，穿在盔甲上的战袍 ‎14.  chenille                      绳绒绒（织品）‎ ‎15.  jumble                       混乱，搞乱 ‎16.  pennant                      细长三角旗 ‎17.  garland                      花环，花冠 难句译注 ‎1.      This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.‎ ‎[结构简析]  复合结构。That是主句的宾语从句，从句后再有从句。‎ ‎[参考译文]  这种情况，有时就表示有一个可用于演出目的资金配额。遗憾的是配额一般都少而不足，就得动用非常之才能细细的使用金额，使所有的演员都能穿上合适的戏装。‎ ‎2.      Most pageants have a historical flavour as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy.‎ ‎[结构简析]  主从句 ‎[参考译文]  大多数露天演出都带有历史情调，因为这些戏一般是通过庆祝某个重大的历史事件，或庆祝当地某个值得纪念的人诞辰或逝世周年而产生的。‎ ‎3.      This is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. No longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers.‎ ‎[结构简析]  复合结构：主句this is后有定语从句，which修饰costumes。从句中又套从句。‎ ‎[参考译文]  这和人为灯光下看的设计服装完全不一样。首先，白天看到幕景易于受许多因素影响，不再能用一片漆黑的环境把周围的一切隔开，而是相反，演员后和观众中有点纷乱的动作，很容易看到。‎ ‎4.      Very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes.‎ ‎[结构简析]  并列句，中用分号隔开。第一句中有when seen 连词+过去分词，实质起从句作用。第二句是主从句。‎ ‎[参考译文]  设计出的非常具有戏剧性效果的服装，在光天化日，有树木，有绿茵茵的草地，又有爬满常春藤的古老围墙的背景下，经常看起来是不起眼：在堂皇的住宅四周一片和色调前，所穿的服装效果同样不太好。‎ ‎5.      If money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion.‎ ‎[结构简析]  条件句，主句为逻辑主句，注意中间两个被动不定式。To be done by, than to be given out, 这里的than起连词作用。‎ ‎[参考译文]  如果有钱可以为演员着装而不用求助自己供应种种物件，那么最好把所有的戏装的裁减和缝制交给一，两个有经验人去干，而不是让群体演员和单个演员去完成。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 文章论述露天演出的服装问题，由于露天演出不同于室内，剧院内演出，要从各个方面考虑服装问题，才能获得应有的舞台效果。作者从资金多少，地方色彩，露天，白天，颜色搭配等方面来论述服装。写法多种，有因果，对比，举例等。‎ 答案祥解 ‎1.      C. 露天演出的服装。第一段末尾已经点明，“一般认为露天演出规模宏大，常常是由某个地方或当局（民政局主办赞助），或总是和某个地方集团有关。这意味着有用于演出目的资金配额，遗憾的是配额一般很少，必须动用非常的才能，细细的使用资金，所有演员才能窗上恰当的服装。”其他各段各有重点，但都是服务于剧装这一中心。‎ A. 露天演出。   B. 舞台剧装（包括剧场）。   D. 如何安排露天演出；涉及面或大或小，不适合。‎ ‎2.      C.  和谐。服装设计中最重要的因素是和谐。这一点在几段中都提到，第二段最后一句“演员的主题必须以群体设计，头脑中必须经常记住群体效果。”第三段最后一句“必须研究演出的地理位置，决出什么样的颜色和织物，能和环境，条件，达到最完美和谐。”第五段专讲颜色搭配，“应当从总体考虑颜色，这样才有亮和暗的群体对比，帮助产生实感的视觉效果，一群穿着杂七杂八颜色服装的演员聚集在一起看起来乱哄哄。缺乏戏剧效果。”这也是和谐之要求。‎ A. 钱。钱要考虑。出前两段外，第三段最后一句，讲完和谐后，也提到“尽可能以能到手的资金加以实现这决定。”第四段中“在钱很少或是没有钱的情况下，服装得降到基本需要”，下面就讲利用被单，浴巾，窗帘做服装，所以钱在服装设计中很重要，但不能列为最重要因素，有钱没有钱都得以服装协调为主。      B. 颜色。‎ D. 织品。同样都的服从和谐这一前提。‎ ‎3.      D. 因为能得到资金的配额都很少。第一段最后一句话，见第一题译注。‎ A. 因为在光天化日下演出。    B. 因为不同演员要求不同服装。     C. 颜色和织物必须和布景谐调。这些只是考虑的因素。见上面译文。‎ ‎4.      A. 因为大多数露天演出都是为纪念庆祝。第二段第一句“露天演出一般都是某个具有历史意义事件，或者当地某个值得纪念的人物的诞辰和逝世周年，所以大多数露天演出都具有历史纪念色彩。”‎ B. 许多露天演出是为了娱乐。     C. 许多露天演出是为了宗教。     D. 因为露天演出一般是参与竞赛。三项都不对。‎ Passage Fifteen (The Second Wave of Feminism)‎ ‎   The statistics I’ve cited and the living examples are all too familiar to you. But what may not be so familiar will be the increasing number of women who are looking actively for advancement of for a new job in your offices. This woman may be equipped with professional skills and perhaps valuable experience, She will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of the Assistant Vice President’s Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday.‎ ‎   She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who is determined to be.‎ ‎   Her forerunner was the radical feminist who interpreted her trapped position as a female as oppression by the master class of men. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making the great decisions of society. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppressed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of his children. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of never looking beneath the pretensions of life.‎ ‎   The radical feminists found strength in banding together. Coming to recognize each other for the first time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and his system as the common enemy. The first phases of feminism in the last five years often took on this militant, class-warfare tone. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, and many others hammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightest and most able women in the country. Consciousness-raising groups allowed women to explore both their identities and their dreams—and the two were often found in direct conflict.‎ What is the stereotyped role of American women? Marriage. A son. Two daughters. Breakfast. Ironing. Lunch. Bowling, maybe a garden club of for the very daring, non-credit courses in ceramics. Perhaps an occasional cocktail party. Dinner. Football or baseball on TV. Each day the same. Never any growth in expectations—unless it is growth because the husband has succeeded. The inevitable question: “Is that all there is to life?”‎ The rapid growth of many feminist organizations attests to the fact that these radical feminists had touched some vital nerves. The magazine “Ms.” was born in the year of the death of the magazine “Life.” But too often the consciousness-raising sessions became ends in themselves. Too often sexism reversed itself and man-hating was encouraged. Many had been with the male chauvinist.‎ It is not difficult, therefore, to detect a trend toward moderation. Consciousness-raising increasingly is regarded as a means to independence and fulfillment, rather than a ceremony of fulfillment itself. Genuine independence can be realized through competence, through finding a career, through the use of education. Remember that for many decades the education of women was not supposed to be useful.‎ ‎1.      What was the main idea of this passage?‎ ‎[A]. The Second Wave of Feminist.           . Women’s Independent Spirits.‎ ‎[C]. The Unity of Women.                  [D]. The Action of Union.‎ ‎2.      What was the author’s attitude toward the radical?‎ ‎[A]. He supported it wholeheartedly.           . He opposed it strongly.‎ ‎[C]. He disapproved to some extent.            [D]. He ignored it completely.‎ ‎3.      What does the word “militant” mean?‎ ‎[A]. Aggressive.      . Ambitions.     [C]. Progressive.     [D]. Independent.‎ ‎4,  What was the radical feminist’s view point about the male?‎ ‎[A]. Women were exploited by the male.‎ ‎. Women were independent of the male.‎ ‎[C]. Women’s lives were deprived by the male.‎ ‎[D]. The male were their common enemy.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.   trapped                      被诱入圈套的，陷阱 ‎2.   servile                       屈从的，奴隶的，奴性的 ‎3.   dehumanized                  使失去人/个性的 ‎4.   pretension                    要求，权利，借口 ‎5.   look beneath                  看到下面 ‎6.   band together                  紧密团结在一起 ‎7.   explore                      探索，考察 ‎8.   phase                        阶段，方面，形式 ‎9.   class-warfare                  阶级斗争 ‎10.  hammer home                 硬性灌输 ‎              hammer home an idea into sb.    硬向某人灌输某种观念 ‎11.  intrigue                      使着迷，密谋，用诡计取得 ‎12.  stereotype                    固定不变的，陈规旧习的 ‎13.  attest                        证明，证实，表明 ‎14.  chauvinist                    沙文主义者，男子至上主义这 ‎15.  moderation                   （政治，宗教上）稳健中庸，缓和 ‎16.  fulfillment                    臻于完善，发挥潜在能力 ‎17.  sexism                       性别歧视（常指其实妇女）‎ ‎18.  be independent of              独立于……之外，不受……控制/支配 难句译注 ‎1.      She will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of the Assistant Vice President’s Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday.‎ 这是作者杜撰的名字，含有讽刺内涵。Mr. Seldom Seen 很少见到的先生。说明公司很难见到他。那么做他的助手就是她替他干一切活。星期五姑娘。星期五是《鲁滨逊漂流记》中的一个人物，是鲁滨逊的仆人。这位星期六休假日来上班的姑娘，当然得干主人的一切活。‎ ‎[参考译文]  她不会满意做“很少见”先生的助手，也不愿做助理副主席的星期五姑娘，那位姑娘是唯一的一个星期六来上班的人。‎ ‎2.      Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making the great decisions of society.‎ ‎[结构简析]  she believed 形式上插入语，实际 Men 句是它的宾语从句。In order that 义：为的是。目的状语。‎ ‎[参考译文]  她认为男人为妇女创制了一个持家操劳的奴隶角色，为的是男人可以获得事业和机遇参与决定重大的社会抉择。‎ ‎3.      Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppressed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of his children. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of never looking beneath the pretensions of life.‎ ‎[结构简析]  两句句子。前一句的宾语为主从句，后为并列句。‎ ‎[参考译文]  于是，激进女权主义者认为综观历史，妇女一直是被压迫被奴役，被非人化，主要原因就是因为男人就是想剥削他的妻子，孩子们的母亲。有时是有意的剥削；有时是由于没有透过生活的假象看到问题的实质，是无知所致。‎ ‎4.      Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, and many others hammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightest and most able women in the country.‎ ‎[参考译文]  Betty Friedan， Gloria Steinem，Germaine Greer，以及其他许多激进女权主义者坚持不懈的强行灌输（推行）他们的思想，幻想并吸引了国内无数最聪容，最能干的妇女。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 文章论述“争取女权运动的妇女”，也可以说是女权运动的第二次浪潮。作者从历史上的女权运动激进分子观点谈起：妇女为男人所奴役，剥削。因为男的想独揽决策社会的大权，到女子觉醒，认识自己和自己的力量，把男人视作她们共同的敌人。最后是目前向缓冲发展的趋势，也是作者观点。‎ 答案祥解 ‎1.      A. 第二次女权运动的浪潮。在第一段，一般性描述之后（见难句译注1），作者画龙点睛的指明“她就是我所指的第二次女权运动浪潮的象征。她是决心要成为的现代妇女的代表。”以后的文章就是围绕女权运动而写的。见文章大意。‎ B. 妇女的独立精神。这只是女权运动中部分内容。    C. 妇女团结。第三段一开始就提到“激进女权主义者发现了紧密团结在一起的力量。”也是女权运动的部分内容。‎ D. 团结运动。‎ ‎2.      C. 有点不赞成。这在最后两段表现的最为明显：“许多女权运动组织迅速发展证明这些激进争取女权的人触到了某些活跃的神经。（非常活跃）。 Ms 杂志就在《生活》停刊那年诞生。可是唤起觉醒的会议常常成为这些活动的目的。性别歧视（歧视妇女）也常常颠倒过来并且提倡憎恨男人。许多人曾是男权至上主义者。”“因此，察觉向平和中的趋向发展并不难。提高觉悟的做法越来越被认为是独立与成就的方式，而不是庆贺成就本身的仪式。真正的独立是能够通过能力，通过寻找一份事业，通过应用教育加以实现。要记住，几十年来，妇女教育被认为是无用的。”如果是倒数第二段是作者对激进分子有点批评，不满的态度的表现，那么最后一段就是作者的观点：独立是靠塌实工作，提高妇女自身的能力来实现的。‎ A. 他全心全意的拥护。   B. 他强烈反对。不完全如此。    D. 他完全忽视不顾。‎ ‎3.      A. 好斗的。（斗争性强的）。第三段第三句：“在最近5年中女权运动首要方面常常具有这种好斗的阶级斗争调子。”‎ B. 野心的。        C. 进步的。         D. 独立的。‎ ‎4.      D. 男人是她们共同的敌人。第三段：“激进女权运动分子在紧密团结中找到了力量。第一次她们认识了自己，她们可以探索自我，意识到她们的力量，把男人及其制度视为她们共同的敌人。”‎ A. 妇女为男人们所剥削。这在第三段中讲到，见难句译注3。这是妇女观点中具体内容之一。也是为什么说男人及制度是她们共同敌人的原因之一。   B. 妇女不受男人支配。         C. 男人剥夺了女人生活。‎