2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Tomorrow’sworld课后达标检测牛津译林版必修4

2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Tomorrow’sworld课后达标检测牛津译林版必修4

Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world 课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·阜阳诊断性测试)‎ Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.‎ Rishi Rawat, who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that’s important for making decisions.”‎ David Agus is another researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.”‎ Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Nowadays, researchers take a thin piece of tissue(组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.‎ 14‎ The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.‎ The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.‎ ‎【解题导语】　人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。‎ ‎1．What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?‎ A．Recognize cancer patterns.‎ B．Treat liver cancer.‎ C．Collect useful information.‎ D．Store cancerous cells.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He says, ‘You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns...making decisions.’”可知，人工智能可以根据对其输入的数据来学习该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。‎ ‎2．What can we learn about AI?‎ A．It will be able to replace doctors.‎ B．Patients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.‎ C．It is making a difference in taking care of patients.‎ D．It can recognize cancer more accurately.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Through machine learning...are organized.”可知，人工智能可以识别复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。‎ ‎3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of AI?‎ A．Optimistic.　 B．Doubtful.‎ C．Curious. D．Cold.‎ A　解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将能够快速识别癌症，并且应用到治疗各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。‎ 14‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．AI Is Used to Treat Cancers B．AI May Compete with Doctors C．AI May Make Doctors Better D．AI Is Better at Curing Cancers ‎ C　解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章的整体理解可推知，人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。‎ B ‎(2020·成都第二次诊断)‎ A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.‎ ‎“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.‎ They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to，” said Wood.‎ While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, offboard power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a builtin power source, so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.‎ Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insectscale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could ‎ 14‎ have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead，” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a daytoday basis.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。‎ ‎5．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?‎ A．It’s automatic.‎ B．It’s very small.‎ C．It’s controllable.‎ D．It’s quite powerful.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.”可知，这种飞行器设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务；据此可知，该机器苍蝇飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can ________．‎ A．act as a spy plane B．help do farm work C．fly at a very high speed D．answer many scientific questions A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield”可知，某一天这种飞行器可能用于执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务；据此可推知，该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．What is Wood’s idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?‎ A．It is highly questionable.‎ B．It has wide practical applications.‎ 14‎ C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines.‎ D．It points to a new direction in studying biology.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet，the power...could have much broader applications.”并结合Wood所说的话可知，Wood认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛，故B项正确。‎ ‎8．What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Harvard’s Study in the Field of Insects B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science C．An Interesting Invention—Robotic Fly D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。故D项最适合作本文标题。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2020·重庆调研)In a remote village, selling chestnuts was the main source of livelihood for local villagers. In late autumn, the hills were covered by the trees and chestnuts were __1__ from the branches of the trees, which __2__ with the wind attracting local villagers to __3__ them at this time of year.‎ The villagers took the chestnuts, carried them home and __4__ them out. The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them according to their __5__， and then transported them to the city for wholesale or retail. Every villager knew that if they wanted to sell for a good price, what really __6__ was to send the selected chestnuts to the market first. Many families, which were short of __7__， would go to the nearby villages to hire workers with high __8__．‎ Still, to many people’s __9__， there was a young man in the village who could never need help, __10__ he had limited hands. He lived with his blind and old mother. He always arrived at the market one step ahead of the other ones __11__ he could sell out of all the chestnuts and then happily drove back with his truck __12__．‎ The secret of the young man was: after picking chestnuts, he put them __13__ ‎ 14‎ into a sack(麻袋) and carried them to the truck. When he set out, he chose the road, __14__ and bumpy(不平的), to go, __15__ the small ones would jump to the __16__ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag. It would save time for classification and selection. When inquired how he found the way, the young man __17__：“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way. This is not an accident but a(n) __18__ result.”‎ There will always be people who get __19__ or complain when they hear bad news. As a matter of fact, if you use your head, you will be __20__ to the people and things in the environment. When you turn your mind into action to move forward step by step, you can also create a new world for yourself.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了一个年轻人用便捷的方法筛选栗子的故事，进而启迪读者——世上无难事，只怕有心人。‎ ‎1．A.holding B．filling C．planting D．hanging D　解析：根据语境及常识可知，山丘上遍布树木，栗子从树枝上垂下来(hanging)，故选D。‎ ‎2．A.fell B．shook C．jumped D．folded B　解析：根据空后的“with the wind”可推知，栗子随风摇动(shook)，吸引当地的村民们在一年中的这个时候来采摘(pick)，故选B。‎ ‎3．A.enjoy B．view C．seek D．pick D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．A.poured B．took C．thought D．figured A　解析：根据下文中的“The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them”可推知，村民们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒(poured)出来，然后才能进行筛选和分类，故选A。‎ ‎5．A.shape B．size C．taste D．color B　解析：根据下文中的“the small ones would jump to the ______ of the bag and 14‎ ‎ the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，整个家庭根据栗子的大小(size)进行筛选和分类，故选B。‎ ‎6．A.mattered B．cared C．interested D．minded A　解析：根据语境可推知，真正要紧(mattered)的是要把挑选好的栗子先送到市场上去，故选A。‎ ‎7．A.hands B．power C．experience D．ways A　解析：根据下文中的“he had limited hands”可推知，许多家庭在这个时候就会缺少人手，会去附近的村子里以高薪(salary)雇人干活，故选A。‎ ‎8．A.quality B．quantity C．money D．salary D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎9．A.puzzlement B．relief C．astonishment D．delight A　解析：根据上文可知，在栗子收获的季节许多家庭往往缺少人手，并结合下文可知，这个年轻人从不需要帮忙，由此可推知，这点让很多人困惑(puzzlement)，故选A。‎ ‎10．A.only if B．as if C．even if D．if only C　解析：根据语境可知，即使(even if)这个年轻人人手有限，但他从不需要帮助。‎ ‎11．A.which B．where C．whom D．who B　解析：分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“the market”，故选B。‎ ‎12．A.full B．filled C．empty D．loaded C　解析：根据空前的“he could sell out of all the chestnuts”可知，他能够卖光自己所有的栗子，然后开心地开着空(empty)卡车回家，故选C。‎ ‎13．A.suddenly B．shortly C．directly D．hurriedly 14‎ C　解析：根据上文可知，人们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒出来，然后进行筛选和分类，最后才运到市场上卖掉，而这个年轻人直接(directly)把采摘的栗子装进麻袋里，将它们搬上卡车，故选C。‎ ‎14．A.tough B．rough C．regular D．smooth B　解析：由空后的“bumpy”为并列结构可推知，他选择的路是高低不平的(rough)，故选B。‎ ‎15．A.even B．or C．but D．so D　解析：根据语境可知，空处前后表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果，故选D。‎ ‎16．A.hole B．tip C．middle D．bottom D　解析：根据下文中的“and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，小些的栗子会快速移动到袋子的底部(bottom)，而大些的栗子会留在上面，故选D。‎ ‎17．A.sighed B．excited C．smiled D．sneezed C　解析：根据空后的内容可推知，这个年轻人当时是微笑(smiled)着(说)的。sigh“叹气”；excite“使激动，使兴奋”；sneeze“打喷嚏”。‎ ‎18．A.unexpected B．necessary C．accidental D．deliberate B　解析：根据该句中的“This is not an accident but”可推知，这并非意外，而是必然的(necessary)结果，故选B。‎ ‎19．A.stricken B．satisfied C．upset D．surprised C　解析：根据空后的“or complain when they hear bad news”可知，此处与“complain”并列，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎20．A.sensitive B．accessible C．relative D．flexible A　解析：根据上文年轻人的回答“If you put your heart into it, you will find the 14‎ ‎ right way.”和本句中的“if you use your head”可推知，A项符合语境。sensitive“敏感的”；accessible“可进入的”；relative“相对的”；flexible“灵活的”。‎ 课时练2　1篇阅读＋1篇七选五 ‎＋1篇改错＋1篇书面表达 阅读理解 ‎(2020·芜湖高三月考)‎ Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problemsolving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.‎ The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote”. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.‎ The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指示), the robot will come to the conclusion that 14‎ ‎ the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.‎ Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。‎ ‎1．What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?‎ A．They entertain robots.‎ B．They highlight dangers.‎ C．They make robots more intelligent.‎ D．They enable robots to behave morally.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．What is “Quixote” in the text?‎ A．A punishment system.‎ B．A character in literature.‎ C．A big name in technology.‎ D．A kind of software educating robots.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“This system is called ‘Quixote’. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。‎ 14‎ ‎3．What does the designer expect robots to do in the experiment?‎ A．To take advantage of its privilege.‎ B．To finish the task most efficiently.‎ C．To perform in a wellmannered way.‎ D．To be rewarded by the storekeeper.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．Which of the following can best express the author’s opinion?‎ A．Robots will definitely have more functions.‎ B．Robots with humans’ emotions are perfect.‎ C．Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.‎ D．The development of robots is still in a baby step.‎ C　解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。‎ 七选五 ‎(2020·湖北八市联考)In the super fastpaced world we live in, happiness may not come as easily as we wish. Here are some tips to make us live happily.‎ Don’t avoid or ignore negativity.‎ ‎1．________ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down, a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven’t conquered quite yet. You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance, it’s up to you to handle them.‎ Take care of yourself and your needs.‎ In order to live a powerful and meaningful life, you must love yourself. Take care of your actions and how you live each day, and this will be reflected in your 14‎ ‎ thoughts and emotional state of mind. 2.________‎ Mend what’s broken or get rid of it.‎ Determining what is worth your time and effort and what can be challenging. If situations are beyond repair, it’s time to let go. Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？3.________ Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past.‎ ‎4．________‎ Giving our time, energy, love and sometimes money is what life is about. 5.________ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever, “donde come uno, comen dos.(where one can eat, two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud. At the end of the day, no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it. Don’t hesitate.‎ A．Give back.‎ B．Be positive.‎ C．Fix them and find peace.‎ D．Do more of what makes you happy.‎ E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.‎ F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.‎ G．In order to conquer and overcome, it must be acknowledged.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个快乐生活的建议。‎ ‎1．G　解析：根据小标题Don’t avoid or ignore negativity. 并结合该段内容可推知，必须先承认其消极性才能战胜和克服它。故选G项。‎ ‎2．E　解析：根据该段中的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions and how you live each day”可推知，E项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合语境，故选E项。‎ ‎3．C　解析：根据小标题Mend what’s broken or get rid of it. 以及空前一句可知，修复那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选C项。‎ ‎4．A　解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要是讲要去付出。故选A项。‎ ‎5．F　解析：根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是金钱，‎ 14‎ 由此可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报。故选F项。‎ 短文改错 ‎(2020·成都第二次诊断)Last year, my friend and I went to visit Mount Huang. We carried two backpacks, that turned out to be pretty heavier for the hike. I am not an experiencing hiker and those endless steps make me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground. But my friend encouraged me great. “Look, the top is coming closer and closer. We are almost there.” I pulled me together and kept going. After threehour exhausting hike to the top, but with wonderful sceneries on the way, we got to the top finally. For our pleasure, we also found a hotel that looked very much inviting.‎ 答案：‎ Last year, my friend and I went to visit Mount Huang. We carried two backpacks, turned out to be pretty for the hike. I am not an hiker and those endless steps me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground. But my friend encouraged me . “Look, the top is coming closer and closer. We are almost there.” I pulled together and kept going. After threehour exhausting hike to the top, but with wonderful on the way, we got to the top finally. our pleasure, we also found a hotel that looked very inviting.‎ 书面表达 ‎(2020·潍坊统一考试)假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友William寒假期间要来中国游玩，行程中计划在你家住三天，请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1．住宿条件；‎ ‎2．活动安排；‎ ‎3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 14‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Dear William，‎ I am delighted to know that you are coming to China, and especially excited that you will stay in my house. Now, I’d like to tell you some relevant information about your stay here.‎ The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. A variety of books as well as a computer are available. Of course you have easy access to the network. What’s more, I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest. By the way, we are having a cold winter here. So, be sure to bring your winter clothes.‎ I am sure you will have a wonderful experience here. Looking forward to your coming.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 14‎