山西省太原市第五中学2020届高三10月检测英语试题

山西省太原市第五中学2020届高三10月检测英语试题

太原五中2019—2020学年度第一学期阶段性检测 高三英语 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）‎ 第一节 （共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）‎ ‎(A)‎ Many of us know about Russia’s Lake Baikal from our textbooks, or by listening to Chinese singer Li Jian’s hit song, Lake Baikal. But over the past decade, the world’s deepest freshwater lake has been in the spotlight for an extreme sport.‎ Each March since 2005, about 150 people from around the world sign up for the Baikal Ice Marathon. They come to explore the lake’s breathtaking beauty and challenge themselves in unpredictable conditions.‎ The 26-mile (41. 84-kilometers) journey starts on the lake’s eastern shore. In March, the ice is a meter thick and iron-hard. Runners cross this frozen surface, finishing on the western side of the lake.‎ Known as the “blue eye of Siberia”, Lake Baikal has exceptionally clear waters. This means its ice is almost perfectly transparent. “Seen from above, a runner on the ice looks as if he or she is jogging through space,” The New York Times noted.‎ The landscape might be beautiful, but it’s also harsh. Strong winds blast (侵袭) across the lake and frostbite (冻伤) can occur within half an hour. Runners say the cold climate is what draws them. They want to test their limits.‎ ‎“When you are in such an environment, you don’t have cars around you, you don’t have the noise around. I think these extreme races allow you to be alone with nature,” Alicja Barahona, a 64-year-old runner from the US, told ABC News.‎ The location offers some strange and unique characteristics for this marathon. The finish line is visible from the start. But the endless white offers no progress markers. The race also ends with little fanfare (喧闹). Tourists crowding the ice are mostly addicted to snapping series (自拍) and just ignore the runners.‎ For some runners, the absence of spectators makes the race more challenging, because it’s lonely. They must fight with themselves. “You are alone on Baikal. It is your race. You are alone with yourself. All you need to do is to defeat yourself,”‎ ‎ Veronique Messina, a French runner, told the Telegraph.‎ ‎1. What can we know about the Baikal Ice Marathon from the text?‎ A. It takes runners from the northern end to the southern end of the lake.‎ B. It involves extreme weather and beautiful scenery.‎ C. It attracts more and more participants each year.‎ D. It is about 26 kilometers in length.‎ ‎2. How does the Baikal Ice Marathon differ from other marathons?‎ A. Only men are allowed to run in this race.‎ B. The runners can see the finish line from the start.‎ C. The runners are often distracted by tourists.‎ D. There are many progress markers on the ice.‎ ‎3. What is the most difficult part of the race for Messina?‎ A. Loneliness. B. The long distance.‎ C. The cold climate. D. Noisy surroundings.‎ ‎【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。介绍了世界上最孤独的马拉松是在贝加尔湖畔。自2005年以来，每年3月，来自世界各地的约150人报名参加贝加尔湖冰马拉松。他们来这里探索湖泊惊人的美丽，并在不可预知的条件下挑战自己。跑步者说寒冷的气候吸引了他们。他们想测试自己的极限。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。第二段第二句They come to explore the lake’s breathtaking beauty and challenge themselves in unpredictable conditions.可知来参加马拉松的人们是来这里探索湖泊惊人的美丽，并在不可预知的条件下挑战自己。故选B。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。第六段第二句The finishing line is visible from the start, but the endless white offers no progress markers.可知贝加尔湖冰马拉松与其他马拉松不同之处在于赛跑者从起跑线上就能看到终点。故选B。‎ ‎3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。最后一段最后一句You are alone on Baikal. It is your race. You are alone with yourself. All you need to do is to defeat yourself.可知Messina 认为这是一个人的比赛。要和自己独处。所要做的就是打败自己。即他认为孤独是最具有挑战性的部分，故选A。‎ ‎(B)‎ In 1972, a social worker named Sanjit Bunker Roy founded Barefoot College in Tilonia, Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.‎ The philosophy of Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi, starting with equality beyond caste (种姓), gender or religion. As a matter of fact, women are prioritized (优先考虑) as an underserved population that is essential to bringing villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.‎ After the college’s female students have completed their half-year of training, they return to their villages where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. For each village, the college also provides solar lamps. Villagers can, in addition, order parts for other solar-powered devices, such as water heaters and cooking stoves. Once assembled, they and the lamps are powered by the solar panels.‎ The effect on the villages is huge. Before the solar panels and lamps arrived, villagers had only candles to light their homes. This prevented adults from doing serious work at night, and it made studying difficult for children as well. As for physicians, they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.‎ Now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions, radios and computers. For the first time, the villagers can even connect to the world through the Internet.‎ ‎4. What does this text explain about the college?‎ A. How it accomplishes its goals.‎ B. How its global efforts are funded.‎ C. How its founder hires employees.‎ D. How it works with the government.‎ ‎5. Which idea is communicated by the college to women?‎ A. They should be more involved in politics.‎ B. They don’t have to depend on others.‎ C. They aren’t educating their daughters enough.‎ D. They focus too much on their communities.‎ ‎6. Which role do the women play after they return to their villages?‎ A. They’re merchants. B. They’re composers.‎ C. They’re technicians. D. They’re journalists.‎ ‎7. In the past, what was hard to provide in villages after dark?‎ A. Dry shelter B. Clean water C. Medical care D. Food supplies ‎【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了1972年，一位名叫桑吉特·邦克·罗伊的社会工作者在拉贾斯坦邦的提洛尼亚建立了Barefoot College，这所大学为来自农村的女性提供为期6个月的培训，帮助她们建造和维护太阳能电池板和其他仪器。而这些女性回到自己的村庄后，给村庄带去了巨大影响。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段In 1972, a social worker named Sanjit Bunker Roy founded Barefoot College in Tilonia, Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.（1972年，一位名叫桑吉特·邦克·罗伊的社会工作者在拉贾斯坦邦的提洛尼亚建立了赤脚学院。如今，这所大学为来自农村的妇女提供为期6个月的培训，帮助她们建造和维护太阳能电池板和其他仪器。Barefoot College还为年轻一代提供白天的教育，在晚上灯光下的太阳能桥学校也提供教育。）可知创建Barefoot College的目标是要改善社会，从文章内容可以看出主要是围绕Barefoot College 是如何实现这一目标的。故选A。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中 Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.可知，学院的另一个中心原则是自力更生，教导学生自立和独立思考。所以学院传达了女性不必依赖于其他人的想法。故选B。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中After the college’s female students have completed their half-year of training, they return to their villages where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy.（在该学院的女学生完成了半年的培训后，她们回到自己的村庄，等待太阳能电池板部件从学院运来。一旦他们拥有了所需的所有部件，他们就开始建造太阳能电池板，并开始收集太阳能。）可知女性返回农村后发挥了技术人员的作用。故选C。‎ ‎7题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句As for physicians, they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.（至于医生，他们很难治疗病人和在晚上进行手术，因为他们不得不依靠手电筒。）可知晚上村民们最难提供的是医疗服务。故选C。‎ ‎(C)‎ Imagine you are opening your own company and want to hire a manager. You have two candidates and they are both capable and experienced, so who would you rather hire: Julia Watson or Shobha Bhattacharva? Chances are that you would prefer Watson, right? But why?‎ ‎“Easy names are evaluated as more familiar, less risky and less dangerous, ” Eryn Newman, a scientist at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, told Scientific American. As a result, people with easier names are often assumed to be more trustworthy. This is what Newman and her teammates have found in their recent study.‎ In the experiment, they picked 18 different foreign names, including difficult-to-pronounce ones like Yevgeni Dherzhinsky and easy names like Bodo ‎ Wallmeyer. They then attached each name with a statement such as “turtles are deaf” and “giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump” and asked volunteers whether they thought the claims were true.‎ The results showed that claims connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those attributed to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was. In fact, previous studies have already found that our judgments about products can be affected by their names. For example, we tend to think of a food additive (添加剂) with an easier name as safer and a stock with an easier name as more lucrative (利润丰厚的)，according to Medical Daily.‎ But researchers pointed out that this effect can change depending on where someone comes from. For example, a native British man may find “Yevgeni Dherzhinsky” hard to pronounce while Russian people could say it without effort. Newman hopes that this finding can make us better see our biases (偏见). It’s not just unfair to people that we make judgments based on gut feelings (直觉) rather than facts, and it can sometimes have serious consequences.‎ For example, we may choose to believe certain eyewitnesses in court simply because their names sound more trustworthy even if they are actually lying. Or, we may let go of qualified job candidates due to their “difficult” names.‎ Now, if you could make that decision again, would you still prefer Julia Watson to Shobha Bhattacharva?‎ ‎8. What did Newman and her teammates discover in their experiment?‎ A. Volunteers with easier names were more likely to choose true claims.‎ B. A difficult name doesn’t influence the way the volunteers viewed the claims.‎ C. Volunteers trusted claims paired with easy names more often.‎ D. Volunteers trusted claims connected with difficult names.‎ ‎9. The underlined words “this effect” in Paragraph 5 refer to the effect ______.‎ A. names have on peoples judgments B. gut feelings have on people from different places C. of decisions made based on facts D. of people’s biases against certain types of people ‎10. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?‎ A. We should think twice before we make a decision.‎ B. The harder your name is to pronounce, the more likely it is you will get a job.‎ C. Judging people based on their names may cause serious problems.‎ D. Russians have less bias against people’s names than the British.‎ ‎11. What is probably the best title for the text?‎ A. Names Affect Products B. Employers Prefer Shobha Bhattacharva C. Difficult Names are Trustworthy D Easy Names Win Out ‎【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了最近研究发现名字简单的人通常被认为更值得信任。文章同时说明了实验过程以及研究人员指出这种影响可能会随着一个人来自哪里而改变，和这种影响可能会导致的问题。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中The results showed that claims connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those attributed to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was.（结果表明，与难记的名字相比，与容易记的名字相关的说法更容易被认为是可信的，不管事实真相是什么。）可知纽曼和她的队友发现，在实验中志愿者更相信与简单名字配对的说法。故选C。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。结合第四段中The results showed that claims connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those attributed to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was. In fact, previous studies have already found that our judgments about products can be affected by their names.（结果表明，与难记的名字相比，与容易记的名字相关的说法更容易被认为是可信的，不管事实真相是什么。事实上，之前的研究已经发现，我们对产品的评价会受到产品名称的影响。）以及划线单词下文can change ‎ depending on where someone comes from.可知第5段下划线的“这种影响”是指人名对人们的判断所产生的影响。故选A。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容Now, if you could make that decision again, would you still prefer Julia Watson to Shobha Bhattacharva?（现在，如果你可以再做一次这个决定，你还会选择Julia Watson而不是Shobha Bhattacharva吗?）以及上文Or, we may let go of qualified job candidates due to their “difficult” names.（或者，我们可能会因为“难”的名字而放弃合格的求职者。）可推知从最后一段我们可以得出根据人名来判断一个人可能会导致严重的问题。故选C。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Easy names are evaluated as more familiar, less risky and less dangerous, ” Eryn Newman, a scientist at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, told Scientific American. As a result, people with easier names are often assumed to be more trustworthy. This is what Newman and her teammates have found in their recent study.（新西兰惠灵顿维多利亚大学的科学家艾琳·纽曼在接受《科学美国人》采访时说:“简单的名字被认为更熟悉、更安全、更不危险。”因此，名字简单的人通常被认为更值得信任。这是纽曼和她的队友们在最近的研究中发现的。）以及文章主要内容为研究发现人们更容易认为容易记的名字更可信。故D选项符合文章主旨。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ‎① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。‎ ‎② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。‎ ‎③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。‎ ‎④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。‎ ‎⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 如第二小题，结合第四段中The results showed that claims connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those attributed to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was. In fact, previous studies have already found that our judgments about products can be affected by their names.（结果表明，与难记的名字相比，与容易记的名字相关的说法更容易被认为是可信的，不管事实真相是什么。事实上，之前的研究已经发现，我们对产品的评价会受到产品名称的影响。）以及划线单词下文can change depending on where someone comes from.可知第5段下划线的“这种影响”是指人名对人们的判断所产生的影响。故选A。‎ ‎(D)‎ Many of us have had this experience: we lie down in a bed other than our own, perhaps at a friend’s house or in a hotel room, and find it difficult or impossible to fall asleep. Is it because the bed is uncomfortable? Maybe, but perhaps there can be other reasons.‎ According to a new study published in Current Biology, a significant reason is what the scientists call “first night effect”. They believe that one side of the brain acts as a “night watch” to warn us about potential dangers. It forces us to stay awake on the first night in a new environment.‎ For the study, 35 young volunteers were asked to sleep in a sleep lab for several days. Meanwhile, researchers watched their brain activities.‎ According to the researchers, on their first night, the left brains were more active than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping. However, left-brain activity decreased as days went by, falling even to the point of complete calm. In this process, the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience.‎ The findings suggest that the different rhythms of the sides of the brain affect our sleep. When the two sides work differently, the balance between them is broken. Thus, the brain can’t relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings, just as it is in daytime.‎ ‎“At some level, the brain is continuing to analyze things, even though you are not aware of the analysis,” US professor Jerome Siegel told Smithsonian Magazine. “If something unusual happens – if a door opens or you hear a key in a lock – you ‎ can be alert, even though the intensity of the stimulus is quite low.”‎ More surprisingly, this phenomenon is similar to the way some animals sleep. Whales, dolphins, and many birds can sleep with half of their brain while the other half stays awake, with its corresponding eye staying open.‎ The researchers think that it is the result of evolution, and works to protect us in potentially dangerous environments.‎ If you have ever had what you think is “first night effect”, researchers suggest that you bring your own pillow or sleep in a room similar to your bedroom next time you sleep away from home.‎ ‎12. What did the new study published in Current Biology find?‎ A. A comfortable bed could help people sleep well in a new environment.‎ B. Most people could sleep well in a new environment after the first night.‎ C. Brain activities affected people’s sleep in a new environment.‎ D. The right brain determined how well people slept in a new environment.‎ ‎13. What was found out about the volunteers?‎ A. Their left brains were more active on the first night.‎ B. Their right brains became more active as days went by.‎ C. Their right brains kept them awake the whole night.‎ D. They slept better in the sleep lab than at home.‎ ‎14. What do the researchers think makes the brain sensitive to new things?‎ A. The bad sleep experiences people have had.‎ B. The tiredness that people suffer from in daytime.‎ C. The imbalance between the two sides of the brain.‎ D. The strangeness of the things that people come across.‎ ‎15. What do the researchers think of “first night effect”?‎ A. It has evolved as a way to protect us.‎ B. It’s a characteristic that animals don’t have.‎ C. It’s completely different from the way animals sleep.‎ D. It helps people to get used to new environments quickly.‎ ‎【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“第一晚效应”对我们的影响以及产生的原因。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to a new study published in Current Biology, a significant reason is what the scientists call “first night effect”. They believe that one side of the brain acts as a “night watch” to warn us about potential dangers.”可知，在新环境中睡不好觉的一个重要的原因是科学家们所说的“第一晚效应”，他们认为，大脑的一侧就像一个守夜人，提醒我们注意潜在的危险，由此可知，发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的这项新研究发现大脑活动影响人们在新环境中的睡眠，故C项正确。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to the researchers, on their first night, the left brains were more active than the right brains”可知，研究发现志愿者的左脑在第一个晚上更加活跃，故A项正确。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The findings suggest that the different rhythms of the sides of the brain affect our sleep. When the two sides work differently, the balance between them is broken.”可知，大脑两侧不同的节奏会影响我们的睡眠，当两侧工作方式不同时，他们之间的平衡就会被打破，由此可知，大脑两侧的不平衡使大脑对新事物敏感，故C项正确。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers think that it is the result of evolution, and works to protect us in potentially dangerous environments.”可知，研究人员认为“第一晚效应”是进化的结果，并在潜在的危险环境中保护我们，也就是说“第一晚效应”已经演变成一种保护我们的方式，故A项正确。‎ 第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ A rocket problem that forces astronauts to evacuate (撤退) may appear to be a plot straight out of a Hollywood movie. However, that is exactly what happened to Russian astronaut Alexey Ovchinin and American astronaut Nick Hague. _____16_____‎ The event happened shortly after the Soyuz rocket and its Soyuz MS-to space capsule (联盟号太空舱) carrying the astronauts took off from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. _____17_____‎ The takeoff went off smoothly, but just 119 seconds later, officials from Russia’s space agency informed NASA the booster (助推器) had failed to separate from the capsule. _____18_____ Instead, they were ordered to evacuate by separating the capsule and returning to Earth in what is known as a ballistic descent mode (弹道下降模式). The sharp drop is similar to free-falling from the skies and subjects astronauts to high levels of g-force.‎ ‎______19______ They appeared to be in excellent condition when they crash-landed about 20 kilometers east of Dzhezkazgan, Kazakhstan, just 34 minutes after they stopped the task. Upon arrival, they were quickly found by the rescue team from Baikonur Cosmodrome and taken to the hospital for a quick check-up to ensure they had not suffered any injuries during their rough ride back to Earth.‎ It will take a few weeks for experts to determine what caused the problem of the usually reliable Soyuz rocket. _____20_____ Hague, who was on his way to the space station for the first time later joked, “I imagined that my first trip to outer space was going to be a memorable one. I didn’t expect it to be quite this memorable.”‎ A. To their sadness, this event became a nightmare for their future space journey.‎ B. The two scientists were on their way to carry out a six-month task at the International Space Station.‎ C. Surprisingly, the harrowing event has not stopped Hague’s and Ovchinin’s wish to go to space.‎ D. Thus, the astronauts didn’t head to the International Space Station.‎ E. And luckily, they became the main characters of the movie about space exploration.‎ F. Fortunately, the “movie” had a happy ending with both scientists returning to Earth safely.‎ G. Fortunately, Hgue and Ovchinin had been well-trained for such emergencies.‎ ‎【答案】16. F 17. B ‎ ‎18. D 19. G ‎ ‎20. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了一次发生在俄罗斯宇航员阿列克谢·奥弗奇宁和美国宇航员尼克·黑格身上，被迫撤离火箭的事件经过。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据上文A rocket problem that forces astronauts to evacuate may appear to be a plot straight out of a Hollywood movie. However, that is exactly what happened to Russian astronaut Alexey Ovchinin and American astronaut Nick Hague.（迫使宇航员撤离的火箭问题可能是好莱坞电影里的情节。然而，这正是发生在俄罗斯宇航员阿列克谢·奥弗奇宁和美国宇航员尼克·黑格身上的事情。）可知本空继续承上文说明事情的结果，故F选项“F. Fortunately, the “movie” had a happy ending with both scientists returning to Earth safely.（幸运的是，这部“电影”有一个皆大欢喜的结局，两位科学家都安全返回了地球。）”符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据上文The event happened shortly after the Soyuz rocket and its Soyuz MS-to space capsule carrying the astronauts took off from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan.（这一事件发生在“联盟号”火箭及其搭载宇航员的“联盟号MS-to”太空舱从哈萨克斯坦拜科努尔航天发射场起飞后不久。）可推测下文说明本次事件涉及到的人物，即俄罗斯宇航员阿列克谢·奥弗奇宁和美国宇航员尼克·黑格这两位科学家。故B选项“The two scientists were on their way to carry out a six-month task at the International Space Station.（这两位科学家当时正在前往国际空间站执行一项为期六个月的任务。）”符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 结合上文The takeoff went off smoothly, but just 119 seconds later, officials from Russia’s space agency informed NASA the booster had failed to separate from the capsule.（发射顺利进行，但仅仅119秒后，俄罗斯航天局官员通知美国宇航局，助推器未能与太空舱分离。）可知助推器未能与太空舱分离，因此宇航员没有前往国际空间站。故选D。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 结合上文The sharp drop is similar to free-falling from the skies and subjects astronauts to high levels of g-force.（这种急剧下降类似于从空中自由落体，使宇航员承受高水平的重力。）以及下文They appeared to be in excellent condition when they ‎ crash-landed about 20 kilometers east of Dzhezkazgan, Kazakhstan, just 34 minutes after they stopped the task.（当他们在哈萨克斯坦的Dzhezkazgan以东约20公里处紧急着陆时，他们的状况看起来非常好。）可知虽然这种急剧下降类似于从空中自由落体，使宇航员承受高水平的重力。但是幸运的是，Hgue和Ovchinin已经为这种紧急情况接受了良好的训练，他们的状况看起来非常好。故选G。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据下文Hague, who was on his way to the space station for the first time later joked, “I imagined that my first trip to outer space was going to be a memorable one. I didn’t expect it to be quite this memorable.”（黑格后来开玩笑说:“我以为我的第一次外太空之旅将会是一次难忘的旅行。我没想到会有这么难忘。”）可知这一令人痛心的事件并没有阻止黑格和奥夫奇宁后来继续前往太空。故选C。‎ 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）‎ 第一节 （共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ For most of my life, I knew nothing about motorcycles. I believed that motorcycle riders were tough and leather-wearing ___21___. In my mind they were the kind of people who were constantly looking for trouble, ___22___ the roar of a motorcycle engine to frighten others off.‎ Then, on a warm May evening outside our house my boyfriend began to ___23___ me his new motorcycle. “It’s beautiful, isn’t it?” he asked. I didn’t really ___24___ what I was looking at.‎ It wasn’t ___25___ August that I was able to actually ride on the motorcycle with him. I ___26___ very well: a new helmet and slightly oversized leather jacket.‎ The first ride was ___27___. I held on a little too ___28___ and breathed a little too infrequently. The cars felt a little too ___29___ and traffic seemed to move too fast. Then, the bike carried us higher and higher into the hills. We ___30___ and stopped to watch the sun set over the city ___31___. I swung my leg over to get off the bike, slightly ___32___ and full of nervous energy.‎ Sometimes, when he was gone on a Saturday ride, I’d ___33___ his leathers and ‎ look in the mirror, ___34___ if I looked like a biker myself.‎ Since then, I’ve learned a few things and slowly my prejudices about motorcycles and motorcycle riders have started to ___35___. Sitting on the back of a motorcycle, ___36___ all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way of ___37___ you that you love them.‎ Maybe the most important lesson, ___38___, is that you really can’t judge a book by its cover --- no matter how much leather it wears. Motorcycle riders are not ___39___, or mean, or unapproachable. They are adults who remember the freedom of riding their ___40___ motorcycle, and are continuously seeking to recreate the experience.‎ ‎21. A. loners B. tourists C. professionals D. workers ‎22. A. reducing B. taking C. using D. testing ‎23. A. tell B. show C. find D. bring ‎24. A. sense B. hate C. consider D. understand ‎25. A. after B. until C. before D. since ‎26. A. presented B. bought C. prepared D. thought ‎27. A. tricky B. moving C. catchy D. simple ‎28. A. relaxed B. tight C. loose D. nervous ‎29. A. back off B. expensive C. far away D. close ‎30. A. set off B. pulled over C. got up D. made it ‎31. A. below B. above C. inside D. outside ‎32. A. shaky B. funny C. obscure D. dull ‎33. A. try out B. try on C. take on D. take up ‎34. A. reckoning B. realizing C. wondering D. feeling ‎35. A. decrease B. exchange C. achieve D. change ‎36. A. leaving B. losing C. placing D. giving ‎37. A. warning B. impressing C. keeping D. reminding ‎38. A. yet B. still C. instead D. though ‎39. A. scary B. satisfactory C. terrified D. pleasant ‎40 A. last B. first C. cool D. successful ‎【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. C 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从一开始认为摩托车手骑摩托车的人都很强悍，喜欢穿皮衣的独行者，但和男朋友经历了一次骑行以后改变了自己对摩托车手的偏见。并感悟到不能以貌取人。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信骑摩托车的人都很强悍，我喜欢穿皮衣的独行者。A. loners独行者；B. tourists游客；C. professionals专业人员；D. workers工人。作者认为骑摩托车的人都很强悍，喜欢穿皮衣的独行者。故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我印象中，他们是那种不断找麻烦的人，用摩托车引擎的轰鸣声把别人吓跑的人。A. reducing减少；B. taking带走；C. using使用；D. testing测试。结合下文the roar of a motorcycle可知是用摩托车引擎的轰鸣声把别人吓跑。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，在5月一个温暖的晚上，我男朋友开始给我展示他的新摩托车。A. tell告诉；B. show展示；C. find发现；D. bring带来。结合下文可知作者男朋友给作者展示自己的新摩托车。故选B。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的不明白我在看什么。A. sense感觉；B. hate憎恨；C. consider考虑；D. understand明白。结合下文what I was looking at可知作者并不理解自己在看什么。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：直到八月，我才真正能够和他一起骑摩托车。A. after在……之后；B. until直到；C. before在……之前；D. since自从。本句为时间状语从句，表示“直到……才”，故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我准备得很好:一顶新头盔和一件稍微大一点的皮夹克。A. presented提出；B. bought购买；C. prepared准备；D. thought认为。结合上文可知作者要和男朋友出去骑摩托车，因此准备了头盔和皮夹克。故选C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一次骑行是一件难事。A. tricky困难的；B. moving动人的；C. catchy引人注意的；D. simple简单的。结合下文内容可知作者觉得汽车靠的很近，开得很快，因此对作者来说第一次骑行很困难。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我抓得有点太紧了，呼吸也有些急促。A. relaxed放松的；B. tight紧的；C. loose松散的；D. nervous紧张的。作者第一次骑行因此抓的很紧。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汽车感觉有点太近了，车辆似乎开得太快了。A. back off后退；B. expensive昂贵的；C. far away遥远的；D. close靠近的。结合上下文可知作者第一次骑行有点紧张，感觉汽车靠的很近很危险，故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们停在路边，看着太阳从下面的城市落下。A. set off出发；B. pulled over靠边停车；C. got up起床；D. made it成功。根据下文stopped to watch the sun set可知他们靠边停了车，故选B。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查介词辨析。句意：我我们停在路边，看着太阳从下面的城市落下。A. below在下面；B. above超过；C. inside在里面；D. outside在外面。结合上文Then, the bike carried us higher and higher into the hills.可知摩托车在山坡上，因此城市在下面。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我甩了甩腿想从车上下来，身体微微颤抖，很紧张。A. shaky摇晃的；B. funny有趣的；C. obscure昏暗的；D. dull无聊的。在摩托车上下来身体应该是摇晃的。故选A。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有时候，当他星期六出去骑车的时候，我就会穿上他的皮衣，照照镜子，想自己是不是也像个骑自行车的人。A. try out试验；B. try on试穿；C. take ‎ on呈现；D. take up从事。结合下文his leathers and look in the mirror可知是试穿皮衣照镜子。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，当他星期六出去骑车的时候，我就会穿上他的皮衣，照照镜子，想知道自己是不是也像个摩托车骑手。A. reckoning计算；B. realizing意识到；C. wondering想知道；D. feeling感觉。作者穿男朋友的衣服是因为想知道看看自己是不是也像个摩托车骑手。故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我学到了一些东西，慢慢地，我对摩托车和摩托车手的偏见开始改变。A. decrease减少；B. exchange交换；C. achieve实现；D. change改变。结合上文Since then, I’ve learned a few things可知作者从中学到了一些东西，因此对摩托车和摩托车手的偏见改变了。故选D。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：坐在摩托车后座上，把所有的信任都寄托在某个人身上，让他带你安全回家，这是一种提醒你爱他的方式。A. leaving离开；B. losing失去；C. placing放置；D. giving给予。坐在摩托车的后座上，是将自己的新人寄托和放置在某个人身上。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：坐在摩托车后座上，把所有的信任都寄托在某个人身上，让他带你安全回家，这是一种提醒你爱他的方式。A. warning警告；B. impressing留下深刻印象；C. keeping保持；D. reminding提醒。作者认为坐某个人的摩托车让他带你安全回家，这是一种提醒你爱他的方式。故选D。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不过，也许最重要的教训是，你真的不能从封面来判断一本书——不管它用了多少皮革。A. yet然而；B. still仍然；C. instead相反；D. though不过。根据下文可知表示转折，故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：骑摩托车的人不可怕，不卑鄙，也不令人难以接近。A. scary可怕的；B. satisfactory令人满意的；C. terrified非常害怕的；D. pleasant愉快的。结合后文可知作者意识到骑摩托车的人不可怕，故选A。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是成年人，他们记得骑第一辆摩托车的自由，并不断寻求重新创造这种体验。A. last最后的；B. first第一的；C. cool凉爽的；D. successful成功的。结合语境此处表示摩托车手第一辆摩托车带给他们的自由，其他选项不符合语境。故选B。‎ 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Tik Tok, _____41_____ launched in China as “Douyin” in September 2016, describes ____42____ (it) as a forum to capture and present the world’s creativity, knowledge, and precious life moments____43____ (direct) from the mobile phone. It is owned by Bytedance, a startup ____44____ (base) in China that is considered one of the world’s most valuable private companies.‎ Tik Tok users tap and hold_____45_____ (record) a short video and can add music and visual effects. The videos can then be uploaded with hashtags to join a variety of topics and trends.‎ Most of the videos, which tend to last around 15 seconds, show someone dancing, lip-syncing (对口型) _____46_____ a song or a video clip, or pulling some kind of running gag (笑料), _____47_____ the app has also gained followings among some particular groups, especially military personnel.‎ Part of the charm and ____48____ (attract) of Tik Tok is that its younger users have embraced it as a place to experiment with the kind of Internet humor that ______49______ ( not succeed) on other platforms yet. Kevin Roose in the New York Times called the app a refreshing outlier in the social media universe that brought him ____50____ rare sensation of “happiness”.‎ ‎【答案】41. which ‎ ‎42. itself 43. directly ‎ ‎44. based 45. to record ‎ ‎46. to 47. but ‎ ‎48. attraction ‎ ‎49. hasn’t succeeded ‎ ‎50. the ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款应用软件Tik Tok（抖音）。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查定语从句关系词。句意：抖音于2016年9月以“抖音”的名义在中国推出，它将自己描述为一个通过手机直接捕捉和呈现世界上的创意、知识和珍贵生活瞬间的论坛。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Tik Tok，且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故填which。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查反身代词。句意同上。主语与宾语为同一个时，宾语用反身代词。根据句意可知将“它自己”应用反身代词，故填itself。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词capture and present应用副词，故填directly。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的所有者是Bytedance，这是一家总部位于中国的初创企业，被认为是世界上最有价值的私营企业之一。本句中base做非谓语动词，与startup构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填based。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：Tik Tok用户轻击并按住以录制短视频，还可以添加音乐和视觉效果。本句中record做非谓语动词，做目的状语，故填to record。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：大多数视频的时长都在15秒左右，其中有跳舞、对口型、唱歌或视频剪辑，也有开玩笑的，但这款应用也获得了一些特定群体的关注，尤其是军事人员。固定短语 lip-syncing (对口型)to a song 表示“伴随着歌曲对口型”，to“伴随着”。应用介词to。故填to。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意同上。结合上下文可知为转折关系，故填but。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：Tik Tok的魅力和吸引力部分在于，它的年轻用户已经接受了它，把它当作一个尝试网络幽默的地方，这种幽默在其他平台上还没有成功。结合上文the charm and可知应填名词，故填attraction。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意同上。根据下文yet“还没有”可知应用现在完成时，且主语为the kind of Internet humor，故填hasn’t succeeded。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：《纽约时报》的Kevin Roose称，这款应用是社交媒体世界中一个令人耳目一新的异类，给他带来了罕见的“幸福”感觉。此处表示特指抖音所带来的罕见幸福感觉。故应填不定冠词the。‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I am glad to know that Tang poetry appeals you so much. Now, I’m writing to satisfy your burnt curiosity. What’s more, I’d like to offer you some advices on understanding it.‎ Tang poetry, which represents the traditional Chinese culture, have a splendid history and enjoys a great reputation international. With the minimum of words, it gives a clear picture and conveys a certain emotion. However, Tang poems are easy to recite because they usually have a strong rhythm.‎ As for learning strategies, I want to give you some suggestions. First of all, you’d better start with the works of some representative poets, among them Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi were the most outstanding ones. What’s more, it is necessary to get some relevant background of knowledge about the poets. In addition, reciting one poem repeatedly is the best approach to get the hang of it.‎ Hope you can adopt our suggestions.‎ ‎【答案】1.appeal 后加to ‎ ‎2.burnt→burning ‎ ‎3.advices→advice ‎ ‎4.have→has ‎ ‎5. international→internationally ‎ ‎6. However→Besides或Moreover ‎7.them→ whom ‎8.去掉of ‎ ‎9.get→getting ‎ ‎10. our→my ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一些关于学唐诗的建议。‎ ‎【详解】1.考查固定短语。句意：我很高兴知道你很喜欢唐诗。固定短语appeal to“对……有吸引力”，故appeal后加to。‎ ‎2.考查形容词。句意：现在，我写信是为了满足你强烈的好奇心。修饰curiosity名词应用形容词，表示“强烈的”，故burnt改为burning。‎ ‎3.考查名词。句意：更重要的是，我想给你一些理解它的建议。advice为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故advices改为advice。‎ ‎4.考查主谓一致。句意：唐诗是中国传统文化的代表，有着灿烂的历史，在国际上享有盛誉。本句主语为Tang poetry，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故have改为has。‎ ‎5.考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词enjoy应用副词，故international改为internationally。‎ ‎6.考查连词。句意：此外，唐诗很容易背诵，因为它们通常有很强的节奏。根据句意可知上下文为承接关系，故However改为Besides或Moreover。‎ ‎7.考查定语从句关系词。句意：首先，你最好从一些代表性诗人的作品开始，其中李白、杜甫和白居易是最杰出的诗人。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词poets，且做介词among的宾语，指人，应用whom。故them改为whom。‎ ‎8.考查固定短语。句意：更重要的是，有必要获得一些有关诗人的背景知识。固定短语background knowledge“背景知识”，故去掉of。‎ ‎9.考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，反复背诵一首诗是掌握它的最好方法。固定短语approach to ‎ doing“做某事的途径方法”，故get改为getting。‎ ‎10.考查物主代词。句意：希望你能采纳我的建议。此处是指采纳作者提出的建议，故our改为my。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：‎ ‎(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)‎ ‎(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)‎ ‎(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)‎ 如第七小题，句意：首先，你最好从一些代表性诗人的作品开始，其中李白、杜甫和白居易是最杰出的诗人。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词poets，且做介词among的宾语，指人，应用whom。故them改为whom。‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎52.我校要举办一次名画展，现就展出场所征集公众意见:在主校区(main school)还是新校区。假设你是李华，用英语给杨校长写一封信表达你的想法。信件内容包括：‎ ‎1.简述写信的目的及你对场所的选择；‎ ‎2.说明你的理由。‎ 注意：字数100字左右 Dear Mr. Yang,‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Mr. Yang,‎ I’ve learned that an exhibition of famous painting is to be held and that you’re collecting suggestions on its location. I’m writing this letter to share with you my opinions.‎ In my opinion, it is more advisable to hold the art exhibition in the main school than in the new one. My reasons are as follows.‎ On one hand, it is more convenient for people to get to the main one, which is located in the center of the city. Besides, it can provide visitors with a more comfortable environment for appreciating art.‎ On the other hand, as a well-known school, the main school is more professional and experienced in holding such activities as art exhibition. Its professional security guards and advanced facilities can better protect those famous paintings from being damaged or stolen. ‎ Therefore, I suggest the exhibition be held in the main school.‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一封信；我校要举办一次名画展，现就展出场所征集公众意见:在主校区(main school)还是新校区。假设你是李华，用英语给杨校长写一封信表达你的想法。信件内容包括：1.简述写信的目的及你对场所的选择；2.说明你的理由。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：famous painting（名画）；collect suggestions（收集建议）；share with（分享）；advisable（明智的）；convenient（方便的）；well-known school（名校）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。‎ 第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如I’ve learned that an exhibition of famous painting is to be held and that ‎ you’re collecting suggestions on its location.运用了宾语从句；On one hand, it is more convenient for people to get to the main one, which is located in the center of the city.运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。‎ ‎ ‎