专题3-2+Healthy+eating（句型语法）-2018年高三英语一轮总复习名师伴学

专题3-2+Healthy+eating（句型语法）-2018年高三英语一轮总复习名师伴学

专题3.2+Healthy+eating ‎【学以致用】‎ 三、重点句型剖析 ‎1.【教材原句】“Noting_could_be_better,” he thought.‎ 他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”‎ ‎【句式分析】句中形容词(或副词)的比较级better与否定词nothing 连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有no，not，never, nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：再也没有……比这更……的了。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ 比较级表示最高级含义的方式：‎ ‎（1）否定词+形容词/副词比较级 再......也不过分，再没有比......更......的了 ‎ ‎ ‎（2）‎ Nothing is more valuable than health.‎ 没有什么比健康更宝贵。‎ China is larger than the other countries/any other country/any of the other countries in Asia.‎ 中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ ‎（1）No other book has had a (great) effect on my life.‎ 再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。‎ ‎【答案】greater ‎【解析】否定词+形容词/副词比较级是“再......也不过分，再没有比......更......的了”，故填greater。‎ ‎（2）Your science fiction is perfect. I've never heard a ________ (good) one before.‎ 你的科幻小说很动听。我之前从没有听过比这更好的。‎ ‎【答案】better ‎ ‎【解析】否定词+形容词/副词比较级是“再......也不过分，再没有比......更......的了”，故填better。‎ ‎2.【教材原句】Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.‎ 王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。‎ ‎【句式分析】feeling very frustrated是现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语，所表达的动作与谓语动词表达的动作同时发生。现在分词(短语)作伴随状语要和句子主语保持一致，体现主动关系。而过去分词(短语)和主语是被动关系。‎ The old man watched the soldiers helping the people surrounded by the flood，feeling excited.‎ 那位老人看着战士们帮助那些被洪水围困的人们，感到很激动。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ People from all the corners came to the city center ________(make)it very crowded.‎ 来自各个角落的人来到了市中心，使市中心非常拥挤。‎ ‎【答案】making　 ‎ ‎3.【教材原句】He could not have Yong Hui getting_away_with telling people lies!‎ 他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。‎ ‎【句式分析】could not have sb.doing sth.意为“不能容忍某人做某事”。have此处为“允许，容忍”，用于否定句，常置于will not，cannot之后。‎ As a teacher，I can't have my students getting away from lying.‎ 作为教师，我不能容忍学生说谎而不被惩罚。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎①can’t/won’t have sb. doing sth. 不能容忍某人做某事 ‎②have sb.do sth. 让某人做某事，不定式做宾补省略 to，但其被动式(sb. be made to do sth.)不能省略 to。含此种“使得”意义的其他动词还有 make, let, lead, drive等，如： No one can have Tom do this. 没人能使汤姆做这件事。‎ ‎③have sth. done 请别人做某事（自己不去做或无法做）；（主语）遭受了不好的事情 ‎④have sb./sth. doing sth.让......一直不断地做某事 ‎⑤have sth. to do 意为“有某事要做”，have 意为“有，拥有”。不定式 to do是宾语 sth.的定语，句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者。如果是 to be done做定语时，说明该不定式是由别人发出的。‎ ‎ [即学即练]‎ ‎（1）He can't have his daughter (arrive)home late.‎ 他不容许女儿晚回家。‎ ‎【答案】arriving ‎【解析】can’t/won’t have sb. doing sth. 不能容忍某人做某事，故填arriving ‎（2）I'd have you that I am ill.‎ 我要让你知道我病了。‎ ‎【答案】know ‎【解析】have sb.do sth. 让某人做某事，故填know ‎（3）Having their house , the family had to make their home in a hotel for a time.‎ 他们家的房子被烧掉了，于是他们一家人暂时在旅馆里安了家。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. 【教材原句】I don't want to upset you，but I found your menu so_limited_that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.‎ 我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现你的菜谱上的菜太有限了，所以我也就不担心了，我也开始宣传我的食物的好处了。‎ ‎【句式分析】（1）这是一个结构复杂的句子。but连接两个并列句，第一个分句I don't want to upset ‎ you是一个简单句；第二个分句是复合句，其中that引导的是结果状语从句，在这个结果状语从句中又包含了两个并列句，它们的谓语动词分别为stopped和started。‎ ‎（2）so...that... 意为“如此……以至于……”。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1) ‎(2) ‎[即学即练]‎ ‎（1）They asked many questions that I got confused.‎ 他们问了那么多问题，都把我弄糊涂了。‎ ‎【答案】so; that ‎【解析】so+many+可数名词复数+that从句 是“如此......以至于....”，故填“so; that”。 ‎ ‎（2）She is a good teacher all of us love and respect her.‎ 她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. 【教材原句】Why_don't_you sit down and try a meal?‎ 你为什么不坐下来吃顿饭呢？‎ ‎【句式分析】Why don't you...？＝Why not do...？为什么不……，常用来表示建议。‎ ‎ Why don't you stop working and have a rest?‎ 你为什么不停下工作休息一会呢？‎ Why not call him right now?‎ 为什么不立刻给他打电话呢？‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ 向别人提建议的表达方式：‎ ‎①had better do...　　最好做……‎ ‎②Let's do...，shall we? 让我们做……，好吗？‎ ‎③I advise you(not) to do... 我劝你(别)做……‎ ‎④I suggest that you (not) do... 我建议你(别)做……‎ ‎⑤What/How about doing...? 做……怎么样？‎ ‎⑥Will you please do...? 请你做……好吗？‎ ‎⑦Would you like/love to do...? 你愿意做……吗？‎ ‎⑧Shall we do...? 我们做……好吗？‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单项选择 ‎（1） – I won’t do it any more. --_______?‎ A. Why don’t B. Why don’t do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎（2）—Why don't we just leave it until tomorrow?‎ ‎—__________ I'm dead tired today. ‎ A. Forget it. B. I couldn't agree more. ‎ C. It all depends. D. Don't mention it. ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情景交际。句意:——我们为什么不把它留到明天去做呢？——非常同意。今天我快累死了。Forget it. 不必在意;I couldn't agree more. 你说得太对了； It all depends. 视情形而定;Don't mention it. 不用谢。‎ ‎（3）—It’s a long time since I saw my sister. ‎ ‎—__________ her this weekend?‎ A. Why not visit B. Why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why don’t visit ‎【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】Why not…用于提出建议时，其后只接动词原形，不接不定式或现在分词，故选A。注意不能选D，但是若D改为Why don’t you visit也可以选。‎ ‎（4）“Would you like me to show you the way?” “_______.”‎ A. That’s very kind of you. B. Yes, you could.‎ C. Good idea! D. With great pleasure!‎ ‎【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】That’s very kind of you 意为“你太好了”、“你真是太客气”，常用于感谢对方的友好提议。故选A ‎（5）—Shall we watch Personal Tailor directed by Feng Xiaogang this weekend?‎ ‎—________. Isn’t it meaningful that we do some voluntary work in the nursing house?‎ A. Couldn’t agree more B. Forget it C. Don’t mention it D. How come ‎【答案】B 四、重点语法突破 情态动词 情态动词有can（could）, may（might）, must, have to, shall（should）, will（would）, dare（dared）, need（needed）, ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。‎ 一、 can, could ‎（1）表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。     Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）     Mary can speak three languages.（知识）     Can you skate?（技能）     此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。     I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.     当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：     He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.‎ ‎（2）表示请求和允许。‎ ‎-----Can I go now?        ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.       此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。     ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?        ---- Yes, you can.  ( No, I’m afraid not. )‎ ‎（3）表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。     They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.     This hall can hold 500 people at least. （4）表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。     Can this be true?     This can’t be done by him.     How can this be true?‎ 二、 may, might ‎（1）表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。‎ ‎    ----Might/ May I smoke in this room?                 ---- No, you mustn’t.     ---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?     ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )     用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。‎ ‎（2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。     May you succeed!‎ ‎（3）表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。     might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。     1．He may /might be very busy now.     2．Your mother may /might not know the truth.‎ 三、 must, have to （1）表示必须、必要。     You must come in ‎ time.     在回答由must引出的问句时，肯定回答要用 must 或 have to, ；否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to（不必），而不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），     ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?     ---- Yes, you must.     ---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.‎ You mustn’t come here without permission. ‎ ‎（2）must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时，have to有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式和疑问形式需要借助助动词do。‎ ‎ he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.‎ ‎ I had to work when I was your age.‎ ‎（3）表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）     You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.       Your mother must be waiting for you now.‎ ‎【名师点津】‎ have to的否定式don't have to，相当于needn’t，表示没有义务或没有必要做某事，意为“不必”，常可以回答以must开头的疑问句。而must的否定式mustn't表示“禁止，不许”。‎ You don't have to finish the work now.‎ ‎—Must we hand in our homework this afternoon?‎ ‎—No，you don't have to/you needn't. (肯定回答为：Yes，you must.)‎ 四、 dare, need （1）dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，意为“敢......”。中, 过去式形式为dared。     1． How dare you say I’m unfair?     2． He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?     3． If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.‎ ‎（2）need 作情态动词用时, 后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。‎ ‎1．You needn’t come so early.     2. ---- Need I finish the work today?       ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.‎ ‎【名师点津】由need引导的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to，否定回答常用needn't。‎ ‎—Need I hand in my paper now?‎ 我现在需要交上论文吗？‎ ‎—Yes, you must./No, you needn't.‎ 是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。‎ ‎（3）dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。     1. I dare to swim across this river.     2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.     3. He needs to finish his homework today.‎ ‎【名师点津】当need作“需要”讲时，其后跟不定式的被动形式相当于跟v.ing的主动形式，在这一点上，与want和require作“需要”讲时一样。‎ The house needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.‎ 这所房子需要修葺。‎ ‎ 五、 shall, should （1）shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。     What shall we do this evening?‎ ‎（2）shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。     1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)     2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)     3. He shall be punished.(威胁)‎ 六、 will, would （1）表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。     Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?‎ ‎（2）表示意志、愿望和决心。     1. I will never do that again.     2. They asked him if he would go abroad. （3）would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。     1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.     2. The wound would not heal.‎ ‎（4）表示估计和猜想。     It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.‎ 七、 should, ought to （1）should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to用于表示“按道理应当”，侧重于“义务、责任、道德或法律”等方面，语气比should重。     1. I should help her because she is in trouble.     2. You ought to be more careful when you cross the road next time. （2）表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。     1. You should / ought to go to class right away.     2. Should I open the window? （3）表示推测     should , ought to (客观推测),  must(主观推测)。     1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)     2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)     3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)     4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)‎ ‎【名师点津】①ought to的否定形式为ought not to (oughtn't to)；一般疑问形式是将ought提至句首，其否定答语通常用don't have to或needn't。‎ ‎—Ought he to see the doctor?‎ 他该去看医生吗？‎ ‎—Yes, he ought to./No, he don't have to.‎ 是的，他该去。/不，他不必去。‎ You ought not to make this kind of mistake again.‎ 你不应该再犯这种错误了。‎ ‎②多数情况下，ought to 可与 should 互换使用。ought to 的反意疑问句用shouldn’t 替代。‎ You ought to have helped him with his English, shouldn’t you?‎ ‎   八、 情态动词+ have done结构的用法 ‎“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去事情的推测。‎ ‎（1）can/could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。     1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. （虚拟语气）     2. He can’t have been to that town.（推测）     3. Can he have got the book?（推测）‎ ‎（2）may / might + have done表示对过去行为的推测。意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用于肯定句中。Might所表示的可能性比may小。     1. He may not have finished the work .     2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.‎ ‎（3）must + have done 用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，can’t+ have done代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。‎ ‎    1. You must have seen the film Titanic.     2. He must have been to Shanghai.‎ ‎（4）should (ought to) have done表示“过去本应该做某事而(实际上)没有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气，其否定形式表示“某种行为不该发生却发生了”。‎ ‎    He should have finished the work by now。     You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)      She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.‎ ‎（5）need + have done表示“本需要做而实际未做”；needn't have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。     You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.‎ You need have done it instead of him yesterday.‎ ‎（6）will + have done 主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。      He will have arrived by now.‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单项选择 ‎（1）I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.‎ A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed ‎【答案】D ‎（2）—What are you doing this Saturday?‎ ‎—I'm not sure, but I ________ go to the Rolling Stones concert.‎ A.must B.would C.should D.might ‎【答案】D 　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。由前面的I'm not sure 可知是不太确定，因此用might表示有可能。‎ ‎（3）No one ________ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.‎ A. could B. must C.dare D.need ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。后句说他有一颗金子般的心，前句表达的是“没人比他更慷慨”；此句是“否定词＋形容词的比较级”相当于形容词的最高级。句意：没人比他更慷慨了；他有一颗金子般的心。‎ ‎（4）Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.‎ A. can B. must C. would D. need ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎（5）When I was a child, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.‎ A. should B. could C. must D. need ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：当我还是孩子时，我想看电视时就可以看。should意为“应该，将会”；could意为“可以，能够”，符合语境；must意为“必须，应该，一定”；need意为“需要，必须”。‎ ‎（6）—Why are your eyes so red? You ________ have slept well last night.‎ ‎—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.‎ A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. won't ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。can't＋have done对过去发生的事的否定推测。句意：——为什么你的眼睛那么红？你昨晚可能睡得不好。——是啊，我熬夜写报告。‎ ‎（7）He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.‎ ‎ A. wouldn't B. shouldn't C. couldn't D. mustn't ‎【答案】C　 ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：尽管他想睡，但是却睡不着，当时他一直在拼命想着一件事，一直到想清楚为止。此处couldn't意为 “不能”，符合题意。‎ ‎（8）—You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.‎ ‎—Well, I don't know. It ________do.‎ A. might B. need C. would D. should ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。对于下雨与否不知道，所以选用语气最弱的情态动词might，仅仅表示非常不肯定的猜测。‎ ‎（9）It ________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.‎ A．may B．couldn't C．should D．needn't ‎【答案】B　 ‎ ‎（10）Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ________ too much at he party last ‎ night.‎ A．could drink B．should drink ‎ C．would have drunk D．must have drunk ‎（11）The door________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.‎ A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't ‎【答案】C 　‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。此处would not用来表达：即使某人努力让某事发生，某事就是不发生。即为“偏不”的意思。故C正确。句意：无论她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。‎ ‎ ‎