专题18 阅读理解——记叙文类-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列（解析版）

专题18 阅读理解——记叙文类-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列（解析版）

专题18 阅读理解——记叙文类 方法与技巧 方法概述 记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 “逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。‎ 命题方式 考点一、细节事实理解。‎ 一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题 范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。‎ 此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问 ‎1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct? ‎2.Which of the following is not mentioned? ‎3.All of the following are true except... ‎4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？‎ ‎1.直接事实题 ‎ 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：‎ A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect ‎ the land and houses around the river.‎ This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.‎ This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.‎ Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .‎ A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B ‎【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。‎ ‎2.间接事实题 ‎ 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。‎ Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.‎ Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.‎ ‎“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.‎ Q：Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.‎ B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.‎ C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.‎ D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.‎ ‎【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 ‎ ‎3、数据推算。‎ If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ .‎ A.$100　 B.$300　 C.$350　 D.$400 ‎ 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：‎ ‎1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。‎ ‎2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。‎ ‎3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。‎ 考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。‎ 一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容 ‎1.短文的标题（title,headline）； ‎2.短文或段落的主题（subject）； ‎3.中心思想(main idea)； ‎4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。 二、此类题的设问方式 ‎1.What would be the best title for the text? ‎2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? ‎3.What is the passage mainly about? ‎4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________. 考点三、推理推断。‎ 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。 此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： ‎1.We can infer from the Passage that__________. ‎2.What can be inferred from the Passage? ‎3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage? ‎4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________. ‎5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________. ‎6.The writer implies that__________. ‎7.It can be inferred that__________. ‎8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________. ‎9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________. ‎10.From the text we can conclude that__________. ‎11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________. ‎12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage? ‎13.The author is inclined to think that__________. ‎14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________. ‎15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...? ‎16.In the writer’s opinion,... 考点四、词义、句义猜测。‎ 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。 此类题的设问方式主要有 ‎1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by... ‎2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests... ‎3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to... ‎4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。‎ ‎1.定义法。如:‎ Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.‎ 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。‎ It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.‎ 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。‎ The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.‎ 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。‎ ‎2.同位法。如:‎ They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.‎ 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。‎ We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.‎ 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。‎ ‎3.对比法。如:‎ She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.‎ but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。‎ ‎4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:‎ Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?‎ possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。‎ ‎5.因果法。如：‎ The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.‎ 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。‎ 体验高考 ‎1.C【2018·全国III】‎ While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.‎ Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.‎ Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.‎ The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.‎ Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).‎ Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.‎ Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said.‎ ‎"Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said.‎ ‎"Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.‎ The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.‎ ‎28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.‎ A. following the latest world trend B. getting international recognition C. working harder than ever before D. relying on foreign architects ‎29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?‎ A. Its hilly environment.‎ B. Its large size.‎ C. Its unique style.‎ D. Its diverse functions.‎ ‎30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?‎ A. The mixture of different shapes.‎ B. The balance of East and West.‎ C. The use of popular techniques.‎ D. The harmony of old and new.‎ ‎31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?‎ A. Spread them to the world. B. Preserve them at museums.‎ C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice.‎ ‎【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D ‎【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。‎ ‎28. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。‎ ‎29. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。‎ ‎30. 细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tadao Ando的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。‎ ‎31. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。‎ ‎【点睛】根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。‎ 此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知Wang Shu 获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是第一个获此奖的中国人可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，因得到认可才能获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而ACD原文中没有提及。‎ ‎2.A【2018·浙江卷】‎ ‎ In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been ‎ writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—‎ but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.‎ ‎ In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.‎ ‎ How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences ‎ from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.‎ ‎21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?‎ A. They were difficult to understand.‎ B. They were popular among the rich.‎ C. They were seen as nearly worthless.‎ D. They were written mostly by women.‎ ‎22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.‎ A. his reputation in France B. his interest in modern art C. his success in publication D. his importance in literature ‎23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A. To remember a great writer.‎ B. To introduce an English novel.‎ C. To encourage studies on culture.‎ D. To promote values of the Victorian age.‎ ‎【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A ‎【解析】本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。‎ ‎21. 细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors... Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。故选C。‎ ‎22. 推理判断题。根据第二段Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens小说的影响可知，把他和Mona Lisa相比是为了说明Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和Mona Lisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的，故选D。‎ ‎23. 写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。‎ ‎3.B【2018·天津卷】‎ When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. "‎ ‎"Oh, stop. There it is!”‎ The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.‎ ‎"May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked ‎ a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?” I asked, still confused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! "‎ ‎"There's some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there." She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.‎ The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.‎ Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?"‎ ‎"Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone."‎ ‎"That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you."‎ ‎41. What do we know about Marian McNay?‎ A. She was a painter.‎ B. She was a community leader.‎ C. She was a museum director.‎ D. She was a journalist.‎ ‎42. Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?‎ A. She disliked people who were nosy.‎ B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.‎ C. She knew more about art than the man.‎ D. She mistook him for a tour guide.‎ ‎43. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?‎ A. Puzzled. B. Concerned.‎ C. Frightened. D. Delighted.‎ ‎44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?‎ A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.‎ B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.‎ C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.‎ D. The event happening in the house was more significant.‎ ‎45. What could we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.‎ B. People should spend more time with their family.‎ C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.‎ D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.‎ ‎【答案】41. A 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发现很多人奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。‎ ‎41. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.可知，Marian McNay是一名水彩画家。故选A。‎ ‎42. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段"May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。‎ ‎43. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem?（大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他们有什么问题？）可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。‎ ‎44. 推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者着墨点主要在叙述参观误当成McNay博物馆的私人住宅上，故这才是文章的重心，所以将真正的McNay博物馆叙述一带而过。故选D。‎ ‎45. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美而不见。故选C。‎ ‎4.A【2018·北京卷】‎ My First Marathon（马拉松）‎ A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.‎ I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.‎ The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!‎ The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.‎ Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!‎ At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂‎ By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.‎ By mile 21, I was starving!‎ As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.‎ I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.zxxk Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.‎ ‎36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.‎ A. was well trained B. felt scared ‎ C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope ‎37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?‎ A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.‎ B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.‎ C. To show he was not talented in sports.‎ D. To share a precious memory.‎ ‎38. How was the author’s first marathon?‎ A. He made it. B. He quit halfway.‎ C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.‎ ‎39. What does the story mainly tell us?‎ A. A man owes his success to his family support.‎ B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.‎ C. Failure is the mother of success.‎ D. One is never too old to learn. ‎ C2[2018•北京卷] ‎ A ‎【要点综述】 本文是一篇故事类文章。作者记叙了没有运动天赋的他，在20多岁才开始长跑，但是一次在跑马拉松比赛前夕踝关节受伤，但他坚持不懈，最终实现了自我的故事。‎ ‎36. C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Yet, I was determined to go ahead”可知，作者在马拉松前一个月下定决心要参加马拉松比赛。故选C。‎ ‎37. C　写作意图题。根据文章第二段中的“He later informed me that I was "not athletic””可知，作者的经历证明他在运动方面并非很有天赋。故选C。‎ ‎38. A　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.”以及前文中作者行进经过的标志可知，虽然作者是最后到达终点的一批马拉松选手，但是他跑完了全程。故选A。‎ ‎39. B　主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a "marathon winner”.”可知，作者享受到了战胜自我的快乐，认为只要努力了就算是胜利者。故选B。‎ ‎5.[2017·北京卷]‎ A It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighthgrader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.‎ Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground.“Paris's eyes rolled back，” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”‎ It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”‎ CPR is a lifesaving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.‎ Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.‎ Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris's heartbeat returned.‎ ‎“I know I was really lucky，” Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.”‎ Experts say Paris is right: for a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.‎ Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now，” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”‎ ‎56．What happened to Paris on a March day?‎ A．She caught a bad cold.‎ B．She had a sudden heart problem.‎ C．She was knocked down by a ball.‎ D．She shivered terribly during practice.‎ ‎57．Why does Paris say she was lucky?‎ A．She made a worthy friend.‎ B．She recovered from shock.‎ C．She received immediate CPR.‎ D．She came back on the softball team.‎ ‎58．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?‎ A．Enthusiastic and kind.‎ B．Courageous and calm.‎ C．Cooperative and generous.‎ D．Ambitious and professional.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球女孩 Paris 在打球的过程中突然心力衰竭， 队友 Taylor对其进行了紧急心肺复苏，Paris因此恢复了心跳的故事。文章旨在说明病人心力衰竭时， 其他人保持冷静并对其进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。‎ ‎56．B　细节理解题。 根据第三段中“It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.”可知， Paris突然心力衰竭，所以答案为B。‎ ‎57．C　推理判断题。根据第六段可知队友的协助使Paris得到了及时的救助，所以 Paris说自己很幸运。故答案为 C。‎ ‎58．B　推理判断题。根据第五段中“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.”可知Taylor非常的勇敢，以及第六段首句“Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down.”可知， Taylor是一个勇敢、冷静的女孩， 所以答案为 B。‎ ‎ 6.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ B ‎ I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.‎ ‎ I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.‎ ‎ I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.‎ ‎ The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.‎ ‎ Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.‎ ‎ A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say ‎ that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.‎ ‎24．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1?‎ A．Efforts made in vain.‎ B．Getting injured in his work.‎ C．Feeling uncertain about his future.‎ D．Creatures forced out of their homes.‎ ‎25．Why was the author called to Muttontown?‎ A．To rescue a woman.‎ B．To take care of a woman.‎ C．To look at a baby owl.‎ D．To cure a young owl.‎ ‎26．What made the chick calm down?‎ A．A new nest.‎ B．Some food.‎ C．A recording.‎ D．Its parents.‎ ‎27．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?‎ A．It's unexpected.‎ B．It's beautiful.‎ C．It's humorous.‎ D．It's discouraging. ‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。‎ ‎24. A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知，救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道被救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。‎ ‎25. C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I ‎ arrived, I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl.”可知，有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。故选C。‎ ‎26. A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.”可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就平静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰平静下来的。故选A。‎ ‎27. B　推理判断题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的“However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.”可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。‎ ‎ 7.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ B I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theatre and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心)of our relationship off the screen.‎ We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.‎ ‎24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?‎ A．Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.‎ C．He wasn't famous enough.‎ D．The director recommended someone else.‎ ‎25．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?‎ A．They were of the same age.‎ B．They worked in the same theatre.‎ C．They were both good actors.‎ D．They had similar characteristics.‎ ‎26．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Their belief.‎ B．Their care for children.‎ C．Their success.‎ D．Their support for each other.‎ ‎27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To show his love of films.‎ B．To remember a friend.‎ C．To introduce a new movie.‎ D．To share his acting experience.‎ ‎【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。作者深情地追忆了自己和Paul Newman志趣相投、信念相守的深厚的友情。‎ ‎24. C　推理判断题。由第一段第二句“When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul…”可知，摄制组拒绝接纳“我”，因为“我”没有Paul有名气，由此可以推断作者当时名气不足。‎ ‎25. D　推理判断题。第二段第一句后半部分及后面的内容详细说明了作者和Paul的共同志向、追求与爱好。尽管两人年龄差距很大，但是因为性格相似、志趣相投而成为忘年交。‎ ‎26. A　代词指代题。第三段第一句中的belief后接同位语从句，详细介绍了二人的共同信念：if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back(若有幸取得成功，应该知恩图报)。后句说尽管他们不常见面，但共同的信念让他们心灵相依。由此可知此处的that指的是belief。‎ ‎27. B　写作意图题。文章最后一句点明写作目的。朋友生病住院甚至已不在人世，但他们之间的友情不需要话语就可以珍藏怀念。‎ ‎8.[2017·天津卷]‎ B Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.‎ Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.‎ Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn't want to mess with that.‎ Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.‎ This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don't even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.‎ Perhaps we all live in each others' spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.‎ That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.‎ ‎41．What happened when the author was about to take a photo?‎ A．Her camera stopped working.‎ B．A woman blocked her view.‎ C．Someone asked her to leave.‎ D．A friend approached from behind.‎ ‎42．According to the author, the woman was probably ________．‎ A．enjoying herself B．losing her patience C．waiting for the sunset D．thinking about her past ‎43．In the author's opinion, what makes the photo so alive?‎ A．The rich colour of the landscape.‎ B．The perfect positioning of the camera.‎ C．The woman's existence in the photo.‎ D．The soft sunlight that summer day.‎ ‎44．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________．‎ A．the need to be close to nature B．the importance of private space C．the joy of the vacation in Italy D．the shared passion for beauty ‎45．The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon ________．‎ A．a particular life experience B．the pleasure of travelling C．the art of photography D．a lost friendship ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者本来想照一张最好的照片，结果一位女士一直待在那里毁了作者的想法。后来作者把那个人照了进来，而且还把那张照片挂在了卧室里。作者通过这件事意识到自己或许也是别人照片里的风景。‎ ‎41. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.”可知“我”刚要拍照，突然一位女士从后面靠近，挡了“我”的视线。‎ ‎42. A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“…sigh and appreciate the view.”以及第三段中的倒数第二句“She seemed so content in her observation.”可知这位女士沉浸在美丽的风景中，非常满足。‎ ‎43. C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句“The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.”可知“我”认为这张照片之所以有了生命力，是因为那位女士在照片中的存在。‎ ‎44. D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“…to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a ‎ common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.”可知“我”从这张照片中更好地理解了人们对美景的共同的爱。‎ ‎45. A　推理判断题。根据文章的内容：作者要拍照，却因一位女士一直站在那里，所以只好把她一起拍进去。但后来作者发现照片因这位女士的存在显得更加生动了。因此可知这篇文章是作者对一次特殊的人生经历的思考。‎ ‎9.【2016·全国新课标I】C ‎ I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. ‎ ‎ I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.‎ ‎ For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.‎ ‎29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17‎ A provider B delivery man ‎ C collector D medical doctor ‎30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours? A. He cannot stay away from his job too long. B. The donor can only wait for that long. C. The operation needs that very much. D. The ice won't last any longer. 31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London        B. To  Newark C. To Providence       D. To Washington ‎【答案】‎ ‎29-31.B D.B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。‎ ‎29.B词义猜测题。根据本段内容 I’ve done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。故选B 。‎ ‎【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。‎ ‎30. D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。故选D 。‎ ‎31.B细节理解题。根据第二段末句 She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选 B。‎ 考点: 故事类短文阅读 ‎10.【2016·北京】B Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)‎ ‎ Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.‎ ‎ On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.‎ ‎ When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.‎ ‎ In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless ‎ high-rise buildings.‎ ‎ “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”‎ ‎ Natalie’s choice was to help.‎ ‎ She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.‎ ‎ In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.‎ ‎ Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”‎ ‎59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.‎ A.some friends had lost their lives B.her neighborhood was destroyed C.her school had moved to Brooklyn D.the elderly were free from suffering ‎60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?‎ A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild B.The people trapped in high_rise building C.The volunteers donating money to survivors D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people ‎61.How did Natalie help the survivors?‎ A.She gave her toys to the kids B.She took care of younger children C.She called on the White House to help D.She built an information sharing platform ‎62.What does the story intend to tell us?‎ A.Little people can make a big difference B.A friend in need is a friend indeed C.East or West,home is best D.Technology is power ‎【答案】‎ ‎59.B60.A61.D62.A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：Natalie是一个14岁的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie也加入了进去，Natalie创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。‎ ‎59.B段落大意题。A项未提及；根据第三段“Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn”可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”排除D；根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选B。‎ ‎60.A细节理解题。根据第四段“In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知，那些帮助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞，故选A。‎ ‎61.D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.”可知，Natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息，故选D。‎ ‎62.A写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.”可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选A。‎ 考点：人物故事类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。 解题技巧： 1‎ ‎、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如本题中的第62题：通过Natalie帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。 2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。 3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。‎ ‎11.【2016·天津】B Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.‎ My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.‎ I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.‎ When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”‎ I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).‎ ‎ But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.‎ ‎ My son ,with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from a junkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him.‎ Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have ‎ been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him. ‎ These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes. ‎ I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else. ‎ My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.‎ ‎41. What used to be the author’s hope for his son?‎ A. To avoid becoming his clone.‎ B. To resemble him in appearance.‎ C. To develop in a different direction.‎ D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals.‎ ‎42. What can we learn about the author’s children?‎ A. His daughter does better in school.‎ B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.‎ C. His son tried hard to finish homework.‎ D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.‎ ‎43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______.‎ A. His son had the ability to fix it.‎ B. it would save him much time.‎ C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D. other motorheads would come to help.‎ ‎44. In the author’s eyes, motorheads are _______.‎ A. tidy and hardworking B. cheerful and smart C. lazy but bright D. relaxed but rude ‎45. What did the author realize in the end?‎ A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.‎ B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.‎ C. Architects play a more important role than builders.‎ D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始希望自己的儿子能效仿他，完成他没有实现的目标。但是他的儿子学习成绩不理想，只上了技校。一次作者的车坏了，儿子和同学帮助作者修好了车，让作者改变了自己的看法。‎ ‎41. D考查细节理解。根据第一段的句子You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could accomplish what you hoped for.可知，作者希望儿子完成他没有实现的目标。故选D。‎ ‎42.A考查推理判断。根据第三段的句子My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English，可知，作者的女儿学习很好。故选A。‎ ‎43.C考查细节理解。根据第六段的句子I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose，可知，作者让儿子修车，因为他觉得这不会给他带来损失。故选C。‎ ‎44.B考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段的句子These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are in living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright…，可知，在作者眼中，motorhead是令人兴奋的，聪明的。故选B。‎ ‎45.A 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的句子Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else，可知，作者最后意识到期望孩子走自己的道路这是不明智的。故选A。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以细节题为主，细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即是答案，也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。‎ 做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的第二题，问：作者的孩子是怎么样的？根据第三段的内容My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.可知，作者的女儿正在学习硕士学位，所以B是错的；而作者的儿子是一个技校生，学习不是很好，C是错的；D项说作者的儿子不能完成报告，而文中只是说他的儿子会拖延，所以D也是错的，正确答案是通过第三段内容推理出来的。‎ ‎12.【2016·浙江】D Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry ‎ with me today.‎ My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task., but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so –and –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lsvish sweet 16 party.” We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls growing up at the White House,we made our own beds (no one left the house until that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings ,and if something was lost ,it was not replaced.‎ ‎ It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed---and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.‎ ‎ “It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,”What a neat basket.”‎ I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t at and it any longer:“Mom, please can I please ,please get it? I ‘ll do extra chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything ,but I need that basket,I love that basket.Please ,Mom .Please?”‎ ‎ I was desperate.‎ ‎“You know,” she said ,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever,” If you save up you could buy this yourself.”‎ ‎“By the time I make enough it’ll be gone!”‎ ‎“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger ,the bike guy.‎ ‎“He can’t hold it for that long ,Mom .Someone else will buy it .Please, Mom,Please?”‎ ‎“There might be another way,” she said.‎ And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front).And then ,weeks later ,I counted ,re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh ,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….‎ Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster. This horrible turn of events.‎ And then came the lesson . I’ve taken with me through my life:” Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.” Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”‎ ‎55. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?‎ A. The children enjoyed doing housework.‎ B. The author came from s well-off family ‎ C. The mother raised her children in an unusual way D. The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.‎ ‎56.When the author saw the basket in the window, she .‎ A. fell in love with it B. stared at her mother C. recognized it at once D. went up to the bike guy ‎57.Why did the author say many “please” to her mother?‎ A. She longed to do extra work. B. She was eager to have the basket.‎ C. She felt tired after standing too long. D. She wanted to be polite to her mother.‎ ‎58.By using“naked” (Paragraph 12),the author seems to stress that the basket was ‎ A. something she could afford B. something important to her C. something impossible to get D. something she could do without ‎59.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that ‎ A. something spoiled her paying plan B. the basket cost more than she had saved C.a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike D.someone else had got a basket of the same kind ‎60.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?‎ A. Save money for a rainy day B. Good advice is beyond all price.‎ C. Earn your bread with your sweat D. God helps those who help themselves ‎【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。作者回忆自己母亲对孩子不寻常的教育方法。通过一个自行车篮子的事情，母亲教会作者什么事情都要自力更生，通过自己努力得到的东西才是珍贵的。‎ ‎55. C考查推理判断。根据第二段的句子We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house…. we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of nd if something was lost ,it was not replaced.可知，作者的母亲用不寻常的方法教育孩子。故选C。‎ ‎56. A考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.可知，当作者在橱窗里面看见这个篮子就喜欢上了它。故选A。‎ ‎57. B考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t at and it any longer:可知，作者说了很多“pleases”，因为她渴望拥有这个篮子。故选B。‎ ‎58. B考查推理判断。根据第十二段的句子(washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front可知作者觉得没有这个篮子，自行车看起来光秃秃的，使用“naked”这个词，说明这个篮子对她是重要的东西。故选B。‎ ‎59. D考查推理判断。根据第十三段的句子A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles.可知作者认为其他人有和她相同的篮子是一个灾难。故选D。‎ ‎60. C考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知，作者的妈妈教育作者要通过自己的努力获得想要的东西，也就是Earn your bread with your sweat。故选C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以推理判断题为主，推理判断题不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。‎ 做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的55题，问：我们可以从前两段得出什么？第二段的句子We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house…. we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves. We had to keep track of nd if something was lost ,it was not replaced.告诉我们作者的母亲教育孩子时使用的不寻常的方法。所以答案是C。再如59题，题目问：对作者什么是可怕的事情？文章没有直接表明，而是通过第十三段的句子A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles.可知作者认为其他人有和她相同的篮子是一个灾难。所以答案是D。‎ ‎13.【2016·全国新课标II】B ‎ Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”‎ ‎ A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.‎ ‎ Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.‎ ‎ Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.”‎ ‎ “Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”‎ ‎ “Oh, sure.”‎ ‎ “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”‎ ‎ “Nobody. I do it.”‎ ‎ “Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”‎ ‎ “Sure.”‎ ‎ “Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”‎ ‎5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?‎ A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting ‎ C. raise the students’ interest in art D. teach the students about toy design ‎6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. ‎ C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.‎ ‎7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A. Mistake. B. Drawback. ‎ C. Difficulty. D. Burden.‎ ‎8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?‎ ‎ A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits. ‎ C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking.‎ ‎【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。‎ ‎5.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹豫着在等着看别人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据本人的想象力做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正确。‎ ‎6.D 推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第三句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故D项正确。‎ ‎7.B 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为“drawback缺点”。故B正确。‎ ‎8.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的、有创造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们发现自己的创造性和想象力。故A正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“I ran the risk ...... thinking.”中的“risk”说明我的教育方法也有不足之处，故划线词意为“drawback缺点，不足”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。‎ 近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例： ‎ ‎     Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.‎ ‎     从前面的Car Rental Center可知出租车公司提供的只能是cars for rent(出租汽车)，也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。‎ ‎ 除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。‎ ‎ 还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如 Biggest power failure in the city's history．．．All of our ice—cream and frozen foods melted．‎ ‎ 根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”，也就是melted。‎ 考点：考查记叙文阅读 ‎14.【2016·全国新课标II】D A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.‎ ‎ The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.‎ ‎ As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.‎ ‎13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ ‎ A. They were made last week ‎ B. They showed undersea sceneries ‎ C. They were found by a cameraman ‎ D. They recorded a disastrous adventure ‎14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ ‎ A. Frank Hurley B. Ernest Shackleton ‎ C. Robert Falcon Scott D. Caroline Alexander ‎15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ ‎ A. Artistic creation B. Scientific research ‎ C. Money making D. Treasure hunting ‎【答案】13. D 14. C 15. C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank的图片记录了一次不成功的航海活动，文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。‎ ‎33.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck....”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D项正确。‎ ‎34.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole....”可知到达南极的是Captain Scott。故C项正确。‎ ‎35.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 本文三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如中的A项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures......undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。”实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。‎ 干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式： ‎ ‎1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 ‎ ‎2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。 ‎ ‎3. ‎ 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 ‎ ‎4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。‎ 考点：考查记叙文阅读 ‎15.【2016·全国新课标III】B ‎ On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.‎ ‎ “Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”‎ ‎ Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.‎ ‎ “They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”‎ ‎ Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.‎ ‎ “My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”‎ ‎ Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.‎ ‎ “I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”‎ ‎ Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.‎ ‎5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?‎ A. Two strangers joined her.‎ B. Her childhood friends came in.‎ ‎ C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.‎ D. Some people held a party there.‎ ‎6. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s .‎ A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories ‎7. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?‎ ‎ A. They live in big cities.‎ ‎ B. They are mostly women.‎ ‎ C. They come from real life.‎ ‎ D. They are pleasure seekers.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。‎ ‎5. A细节理解题。根据第一段“another customer was approaching their table”和第三段“the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair”可知，先后有两个陌生人（一位女士及其同伴）加入了Welty他们的聚会，故选A。‎ ‎6. D猜测词义题。划线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据“Now we believe your stories”可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。‎ ‎7. C推理判断题。根据“I don’t make them up”和“Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus.”可知，Welty小说里的人物并非虚构的，他们都来源于现实的生活，故选C。‎ 考点：故事类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 猜词技巧：阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下： (1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。‎ ‎ (2) 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 ；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词。 (3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。第6题就是属于对指代关系进行判断。 (4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 (5)根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 (6)根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。 (7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。 常见问题形式有： (1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by … (2)As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests… (3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence “…” is/refers to /means… (4)The word “…” is closest in meaning to …‎ 模拟新题精选 ‎1. B【广东省茂名市化州市2019届高三高考二模】‎ When a special occasion arrives， a colorful gift bag or a box often finds its way to a doorstep， an office desk or a mailbox． But once in a while， a present arrives at an unexpected moment as a reminder that someone is thinking about us．‎ Wanda Anderson of Richland， US， remembers such a gift． The rosebushes were finally in full bloom on that day in spring． Seeing roses always brings to mind Wanda's childhood memories． To this young girl， those flowers were a luxury． "We never had money to buy extra things， so even a tired rose was something to cherish，" Wanda said．‎ Nowadays， to have a backyard filled with many different roses is pure enjoyment． Wanda especially loves the very first blooms． Her husband， Dale， devotedly tends the roses and knows this little fact about his wife． So， on this particular morning， he picked the very first flowers of spring， fresh from the garden． But as Dale came back into the house， he was met by a neighbor who had stopped in for a quick visit． As the woman turned to go， Dale graciously （有风度地） handed the roses to her． And even though their visitor insisted she ‎ didn't want to take them， she was repeatedly convinced that the flowers were hers to keep． "I told her I was happy for her to have the roses， but I really wasn't，" Wanda said， recalling the emotions she was feeling right then．‎ Seeing her very precious first blooms go out of the door filled her with regret， and a bit of selfishness． Throughout the rest of the morning， Wanda argued with herself， knowing logically it was "better to give than to receive．" Nevertheless， she wished she could have kept the roses for herself．‎ Later that day， the couple headed to the post office， where Wanda waited outside in the car． Then， without warning， an older woman suddenly appeared at the car's open window， with a bunch of multicolored roses in her arms． "These are for you，" she said， giving the flowers to Wanda． "They're my first blooms this spring．" Totally surprised and overwhelmed （不知所措的）， Wanda thanked the woman and bent for a moment to inhale （吸入） the roses' rich fragrance． When she looked back， the mysterious visitor was gone．‎ To this day， that "special delivery" changed Wanda． Now， her very first blooms always go to someone else， as a reminder that someone is thinking of them．‎ ‎4. Why does Wanda love roses so much？ ______‎ A. She thinks that they stand for pure love．‎ B. She was given them often as a child．‎ C. Her husband always sends her roses．‎ D. She couldn't afford them when she was young．‎ ‎5. How did Wanda feel after the neighbor left？ ______‎ A. Worried． B. Upset．‎ C. Satisfied． D. Relieved．‎ ‎6. What changed Wanda's opinion of giving gifts？ ______‎ A. The flowers her husband bought her．‎ B. The gifts her neighbor gave back to her．‎ C. The roses she received from a stranger．‎ D. A mysterious delivery she got from the post office．‎ ‎7. Why does Wanda always give away her roses to others now？ ______‎ A. To show off her beautiful flowers．‎ B. To prove that she isn't selfish．‎ C. To surprise people she loves．‎ D. To show that she's thinking of them．‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文为记叙文。文章介绍Wanda喜欢玫瑰花，但是不愿意将花送给别人，一次一个陌生人送给Wanda一束玫瑰花，改变了Wanda送礼物的观念。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子 "We never had money to buy extra things， so even a tired rose was something to cherish，" Wanda said．可知，Wanda非常喜欢玫瑰花，因为她年轻的时候买不起玫瑰花。故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子 Seeing her very precious first blooms go out of the door filled her with regret， and a bit of selfishness．可知，当邻居走了的时候，Wanda看到自己的第一束花被拿走感到难过。故选B。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Wanda收到了陌生人给的今年第一束玫瑰花和最后一段的句子 To this day， that "special delivery" changed Wanda.可知，她从陌生人那里收到礼物改变了Wanda送礼物的观点。故选C。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段的Now， her very first blooms always go to someone else， as a reminder that someone is thinking of them.可知，现在Wanda总是将玫瑰送给他人，因为她想表示她为他们考虑。故选D。‎ ‎2. B【江西省重点中学盟校2019届高三第一次联考】‎ On a flight from Dallas, Texas, to Cincinnati, Ohio, to visit a friend in 2008, event planner Paige Chenault daydreamed about the grand birthday parties she’d throw for her daughter one day. (Paige was five months pregnant at the time.) Then, flipping through a magazine, she saw a photo of an impoverished Haitian boy, skinny. “I thought, this kid has nothing,” Paige says.‎ The image stayed with her, and she resolved to do something to help. “I decided I would use my talents to throw birthday parties for homeless kids,” Paige says. For the next four years, Paige and her husband, Colin, took time out from parenthood to visit shelters to determine how best to pull off the parties.‎ Finally, in January 2012, Paige launched the Birthday Party Project, a nonprofit organization, and recruited friends and family to help decorate Dallas’s 75-occupant Family Gateway Shelter with balloons and streamers, celebrating the birthdays of 11 boys and girls, with 60 more homeless kids in attendance. “That first party was better than I could have ever imagined,” says Paige.‎ Now Paige and her staff of three paid employees work with regional volunteers to plan monthly themed parties at 15 shelters across the country, some of which house abused or abandoned kids. Each child celebrating a birthday that month gets a $30 gift, a decorative place mat, and an individual cake or cupcake.‎ One of Paige’s favorite parts of each party is when the kids make a wish and blow out the candles. “They rarely get a chance to dream big,” says Paige.‎ Her daughter, Lizzie, now seven, often helps out at the parties. Paige says, “The one thing I’ve always wanted is for my kid to be generous.”‎ ‎24. What was it that made Paige want to help the homeless children?‎ A. A flight from Dallas to Ohio. B. Her daughter’s birthday.‎ C. The photo of a Haitian boy. D. Her talent for throwing parties.‎ ‎25. What does the underlined word “impoverished” mean?‎ A. adorable B. poor C. talented D. dead ‎26. What can be learnt from the passage?‎ A. A total of 75 full-time workers are employed by Paige at present.‎ B. After unsuccessful attempts, Paige finally threw a wonderful party for the homeless kids.‎ C. Kids can spend $30 to celebrate their birthday.‎ D. Paige commits herself to the cause of helping the homeless kids.‎ ‎27. What kind of person do you think Paige is?‎ A. Caring and sensitive. B. Competent and loyal.‎ C. Kind and perseverant. D. Responsible and disciplined.‎ ‎【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文为记叙文。2008年，在从得克萨斯州达拉斯飞往俄亥俄州辛辛那提看望朋友的航班上，活动策划人佩吉·‎ 切诺特梦想着有一天能为女儿举办盛大的生日派对。（佩吉当时怀孕五个月）然后，她翻阅一本杂志，看到了一张照片，照片上是一个贫穷的海地男孩，瘦骨嶙峋。于是就开始了帮助那些孩子们的行动。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The image stayed with her, and she resolved to do something to help.（这个形象一直伴随着她，她决定做点什么来帮助她）可知，杂志上那个瘦骨嶙峋的海地男孩让佩吉决定帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线词句中的skinny（瘦骨嶙峋）及下文I thought, this kid has nothing（我想，这个男孩一无所有）可知，此处意为“一个贫穷的海地男孩”。A. adorable可爱的，可敬重的；B. poor贫穷的，可怜的；C. talented有才能的；D. dead无生命的。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的I decided I would use my talents to throw birthday parties for homeless kids（我决定利用我的才能为无家可归的孩子举办生日派对）以及接下来四个月她和丈夫所做的努力，后期所组织的生日派对可知，佩吉一直致力于帮助无家可归的孩子们。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 推理判断题。佩吉一直致力于帮助无家可归的孩子们，由此可知，她是一个善良而又锲而不舍的人。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第2小题中，考生可以根据划线词句中的skinny（瘦骨嶙峋）及下文I thought, this kid has nothing（我想，这个男孩一无所有）可知，此处意为“一个贫穷的海地男孩”。由此可知，划线词意为“贫穷的”。A. adorable可爱的，可敬重的；B. poor贫穷的，可怜的；C. talented有才能的；D. dead无生命的。故B选项正确。‎ ‎3. B【湖南省衡阳市2019届高三第一次联考】‎ A thrilling polar competition between two adventurers to cross Antarctica alone, unsupported and unassisted had a happy ending with both explorers achieving the unprecedented feat (功绩).American professional athlete Colin O’Brady and British Army Captain Louis Rudd set off a mile apart at the same time on November 3, 2018, from the Atlantic coast with the aim to become the first person to ski across the remote continent alone.‎ Louis Rudd maintained the lead at first. However, O’Brady caught up with Rudd on November10 and never let the British man get close to him again. O’Brady was the first to conquer the 930 mile icy land, arriving at the ‎ Ross Ice Shelf on the Pacific coast by way of the South Pole on December 26, 2018. The 33-year-old spent 54 days skiing the world’s coldest continent while pulling a 300－pound sled(雪橇) with supplies.‎ Instead of leaving the harsh environment after completing the historic adventure, the explorer set up a tent on the world’s largest ice sheet and waited patiently for Rudd to complete the great undertaking. On December 29, just three days after O’Brady arrived, the British explorer finished his adventure, becoming the world’s second person to complete the solo casing of the frozen continent.‎ Rudd was not disappointed at being second since he never considered it to be a “race”. Besides, the 49 -year-old British Army Captain had a more selfless motive for attempting the feat. He was doing it in memory of his friend Henry Worsley, who had introduced him to polar exploration. The disaster happened while Worsley was trying to cross the continent alone in 2016. Rudd said, "I didn’t want to get drawn into a race. All that mattered to me was that I completed it, and that I skied solo and unsupported, carrying the tag with Henry’s name on it.”‎ After spending a few days camping 10 feet away from each other, the two adventurers were picked up by a helicopter to the South Pole scientific research station.‎ ‎24. What do Colin O’Brady and Louis Rudd have in common?‎ A. They became the first explorers to cross Antarctica alone, unaided.‎ B. They became the first adventurers to ski across Antarctica C. This is the first time that they have arrived at the South pole D. They crossed Antarctica in honor of their friend Henry Worsley ‎25. What do you know about the first leg(第一段賽程) of the race？‎ A. O’Brady skied along with Louis Rudd side by side.‎ B. O’Brady's sled with food supplies broke down.‎ C. Louis Rudd lost the tag with Henry’s name on it.‎ D. O’Brady fell behind Louis Rudd for the first week ‎26. What can we infer about Henry Worsley?‎ A. He used to encourage O’ Brady to explore the Antarctic B. He lost his life in a terrible traffic accident in 2016‎ C. He died while he was attempting to cross the Antarctic alone.‎ D. He helped Louis Rudd complete the historic adventure.‎ ‎27. How did the two adventurers return to the South Pole scientific research station?‎ A. On foot. B. By air C. By land D. By water.‎ ‎【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文属于记叙文，讲述两个冒险家成功在无人帮助的情况下独自滑雪穿越南极大陆，但是两个人的目的不同。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句A thrilling polar competition between two adventurers to cross Antarctica alone, unsupported and unassisted had a happy ending with both explorers achieving the unprecedented feat (功绩).以及最后一句with the aim to become the first person to ski across the remote continent alone.可知，两人的目标都是成为滑雪穿越南极洲的第一人，并且两人都获得成功，这是他们的共同之处，故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段Louis Rudd maintained the lead at first. However, O’Brady caught up with Rudd on November10以及第一段可知，他们于11月3日出发，O’Brady赶上Louis Rudd是11月10日，可以得出，Louis Rudd领先时间为一周，故选D。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The disaster happened while Worsley was trying to cross the continent alone in 2016.可知，Worsley在2016年独自穿越南极洲的时候遇难，故选C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段After spending a few days camping 10 feet away from each other, the two adventurers were picked up by a helicopter to the South Pole scientific research station可知，最后两人被直升飞机带去的南极科考站，故选B。‎ ‎4. B【东北三省三校（哈尔滨师大附中、东北师大附中、 辽宁省实验中学）2019届高三第一次模拟】‎ Over the years Lisa urged her sister Helen to prepare for her old age. Now they passed sixty. Lisa had a big house, Helen had the clothes on her back.‎ Lisa had hated being a child and couldn’t wait to grow up and buy herself everything. What Helen wanted was to go outside and play.‎ When anyone would hire her, Lisa put herself to work. She never touched a penny of her money though her young mouth watered for ice cream and candy. When the dimes (一角硬币) added up to dollars， she lost her taste for sweets. And her bankbook became her most precious possession.‎ Helen had a boyfriend Harry whose only ambition was to play a horn. That Helen married Harry straight out of high school was not surprising. Two or three times Lisa was halfway persuaded, but to give up a job that paid well for a homemaking job that paid nothing was a risk she was unable to take.‎ Helen’s married life was nothing for Lisa to envy. She and Harry played in second-rate bands. But Lisa had a big house because her boss offered her his first house at a price so low that it would be like losing money to refuse.‎ Harry died abroad, in a third-rate hotel, with Helen crying as hard as if he had left her a fortune. He had left her nothing but his horn. Lisa knew she would have to bring her home.‎ At dinner, Helen began to tell stories. They were rich with places and people, most of them lowly, all of them magnificent. Her face showed the joys and sorrows.‎ Then Lisa knew why Helen didn’t mention the shining room. Tonight Helen saw only what she had come seeking, a place in her sister’s home and heart.‎ She said, “That’s enough about me. How have the years used you?” “I didn’t use them,” said Lisa regretfully. “I saved for them but forgot to enjoy them. Now it’s too near the end to try. ”Helen said, “Don’t count the years that are left to us. At our time of life it’s the days that count. You’ve too much catching up to do to waste a minute of a waking hour feeling sorry for yourself.” Lisa smiled.‎ ‎24. In her life Lisa attached most value to .‎ A. further education B. a job in hand C. ice cream and candy D. a chance to get married ‎25. Why did Lisa lose her taste for sweets?‎ A. Because she kept working and had no time to buy sweets.‎ B. Because she worked hard to make dimes add up to dollars.‎ C. Because she kept saving money and lost the basic desires.‎ D. Because she had little money to afford sweets.‎ ‎26. In what way is the story mainly developed?‎ A. Changing locations. B. Giving examples.‎ C. Creating conflicts. D. Comparing characters.‎ ‎27. What is probably the best title of the passage?‎ A. Single or Married? B. Preparations for Old Age C. Rich or Poor? D. A House and a Bank Account ‎【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Lisa和Helen姐妹俩对生活有着完全不同的两种态度以及她们的生活状况。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When anyone would hire her, Lisa put herself to work.”可知，只要有人愿意雇用她，Lisa就会会努力工作，由此可知，Lisa最重视手头的工作，故B项正确。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When the dimes (一角硬币) added up to dollars， she lost her taste for sweets.”可知，当钱一分一分地积少成多时，她对甜食也失去了兴趣，由此可知，Lisa只想着不停地存钱，失去了对甜食的欲望，故C项正确。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 文章结构题。通读全文可知，文章是通过对比Lisa和Helen对工作、婚姻以及生活的态度而展开的，故D项正确。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了Lisa和Helen姐妹俩有着完全不同的生活态度以及她们的生活状况，一个及时享乐，最后生活窘迫，一个拼命存钱，却忘了享受生活，故C项（贫穷还是富有？）最能概括出文章内容。‎ ‎5. B【四川省棠湖中学2019届高三二诊】‎ ‎“Mayday! We got Mayday!”Frank Pisano screamed over the microphone to the air control tower at the airport．One of the two engines on his plane had failed，and he was now going down towards one of the busiest highways in America—Interstate 405，just south of Los Angeles—and there was no stopping it．‎ Driving south on the 405，near the airport’S runway，was John Meffert，a fire department captain．He was heading home from his shift when suddenly a low—flying plane caught his eye．After he took a second glance，a thought crossed his mind：“This plane’s going to hit me．”‎ He was right．The plane slammed into the road，popped up a few feet，and then clipped the front of Meffert’s car．It finally stopped after hitting the divider(隔栏)．Meffert pulled over．He was unhurt，and his car had received only a large scratch，so he turned his attention to the plane．He ran towards the smoke，and then he saw Frank’s wife，Janan Pisano，pop her head up on the passenger side．‎ By the time Meffert reached the aircraft，part of it was on fire and Janan，who was covered in blood，was on ‎ the wing trying to pull her husband from the wreck．Meffert，afraid the plane would explode，guided her to safety behind it．Then，he ran back for Frank，who had been knocked out by the initial crash，lying across both seats．‎ Meffert carefully positioned himself under the pilot’s arms and lifted him from the cockpit．Then he dragged the pilot off the wing and carried him to safety，where they could see the plane in flames．‎ The Pisanos spent three weeks in the hospital．Remarkably，Meffert’s car was the only one hit by the plane．Had Meffert been a second or two faster，Frank said，the left propeller(螺旋桨))would have ripped the top off his car and killed him．‎ ‎“I play all the what-ifs—going slower，going faster．It could have been a very different result，”Meffert said．“We just had a lot of angels．”‎ ‎4. What does the underlined word“Mayday”in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A. A special day in May． B. The arrival time．‎ C. A message for help． D. The local airport．‎ ‎5. Why was the plane going down to the highway?‎ A. Only one engine was working． B. Frank mistook 405 for the runway．‎ C. The plane caught fire． D. The pilot was seriously hurt．‎ ‎6. What prevented Meffert from being killed?‎ A. His good sense of direction． B. His low driving speed．‎ C. His second glance at the plane． D. His belief in God．‎ ‎7. It can be inferred from the passage that__________．‎ A. Meffert and Frank were friends B. Meffert’s car was not totally damaged C. Janan Pisano was one of the crew of the airport D. the plane would take off again when Frank recovered ‎【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。记述了一架飞机因为一侧引擎失灵而必须迫降在高速公路上，而一位当时位于高速路上的消防队队长Frank Pisano极力营救他人的故事。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据后文“Frank Pisano screamed over the microphone to the air control tower at the airport．One of the two engines on his plane had failed”可知Frank Pisano在麦克风上呼叫的原因是他飞机上有一个引擎失灵了，故可以推测他是在呼救，故划线部分单词意思应为“求救”，故选A。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。第一段第二句“One of the two engines on his plane had failed，and he was now going down towards one of the busiest highways in America”可知他准备降落在高速路上的原因是飞机上有一个引擎失灵了，故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。第三段第四句“He was unhurt，and his car had received only a large scratch”可知Meffert没有受伤，他的车也只是被刮了一个大口子，车没有完全被破坏，故选B。‎