2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（26）

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（26）

‎2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（26） ‎ Passage Twenty- nine (Men Are Carrying on a Sex-fight)‎ This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn’t think of if you could heat what the average man thinks of the average woman/ Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, you’d think that women belonged to a different species!‎ On the surface, the comments made by men about women’s abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness dose not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Let’s consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.‎ Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can’t don Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called ‘rights’. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven’t even been given the cote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a man’s ability to think clearly!‎ The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, there men have failed for centuries. Some things are too important to be left to men!‎ ‎1.      What does the first sentence imply?‎ ‎[A]. It is not really an enlightened age.         . It is different from an enlightened age.‎ ‎[C]. It is the same as an enlightened age.        [C]. It is like an enlightened age.‎ ‎2.      Why do men carry on the sex war against women?‎ ‎[A]. Because of their inferiority.              . Because they shun real competition.‎ ‎[C]. Because of their claim to supremacy.    [D]. Because they still look down upon women.‎ ‎3.      The “fiction” is closest in meaning to ‎ ‎[A]. Novel.            . Man-made idea.      [C]. False idea.      [D]. Story.‎ ‎4.      What is the main argument men have raised against women?‎ ‎[A]. Women are lack of cold reasoning.           . They depend on intuition too much.‎ ‎[C]. They are unreliable and irrational.       [C]. They are too still look down upon women.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.      conscientious                      认真的，真心实意的 ‎2.      maniac                           疯狂的，疯子 ‎3.      preposterous                       反常的，荒谬的 ‎4.      quibble                           狡辩，摸棱两可 难句译注 ‎1. the inferiority complex        自卑情绪，指一种由自悲感引起的复杂心理状态，对应词是the superiority complex 自高情绪 ‎2. So much for a man’s ability to think clearly!  ‎ ‎  这是对男人想清楚能力的讽刺，译文应根据上下文而定。上文说到“妇女甚至难以想得清楚。可是当妇女证明她们有此能力时，男人拒不承认。”‎ ‎   [参考译文] 男人想清楚的能力可真大啊。‎ ‎3.  But this is a minor quibble.‎ ‎   [参考译文] 这是一个小小的狡辩。‎ ‎4. They have often put men to shame.‎ ‎[参考译文] 她们经常使男人无地自容。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 ‎   文章论及“男人轻视妇女”的问题。采用对比因果的手法写作。先提出妇女经过艰苦卓绝的斗争，赢得了独立的胜利，得到了承认，可是斗争远没结束。因为男子继续在进行性别斗争。下面就从男女双方对比，也可以说，男方轻视妇女及其理由，女方据理反驳。最后作者指出男人轻视妇女的根本原因是他们的自卑情绪。‎ 答案祥解 ‎1.      A. 这确实不是一个启蒙时代。（1）这是第一句话语气和言词传递出来的内容。“这个时代应该是一个启蒙时期，可是假如你听到男人怎么说女人的，你就不会这么认为。”（2）正篇文章也传递了这个信息。‎ B. 不同于启蒙时期。    C. 这时代跟启蒙时代一样。   D. 这时代象个启蒙时期。 这三项都不对。‎ ‎2.      C. 他们对至高无上权威的追求。答案在最后一段“事实是由于男人们基本的自卑情绪，他们追求至高无上的权威。他们躲避真正的竞争。他们心里明白妇女比他们优秀，因此他们害怕在他们自己的‘游戏’中失利。”‎ A. 因为他们自卑。   B. 因为他们躲避真正的竞争。   D. 因为他们仍然轻视妇女。‎ ‎3.      C. 错误观点。Fiction本意为“虚构”，此处上下文决定此义：“可是男人们继续坚持这种错误的观点：有许多工作妇女干不了，两国高级政治谈判，商业和银行几乎全部为男人们所控制，他们忌妒地保卫着他们所谓的权利。”‎ A. 小说。   D. 故事。 这是fiction两种基本含义，这里不对。    B. 人为思想。文中没有这种意义。‎ ‎4.      C.‎ ‎ 他们不可信，不理智。答案见第三段“他们把妇女排除这些领域之外，所提出的论点是（众所周知）老调重弹。他们说妇女不可信，不理智。在做决定时，太依赖于直觉和本能。冷静得推理太少。”‎ A. 他们缺少冷静的推理。     B. 他们太依赖于直觉，这两项只是本段中用以解释“不可信，不理智的。”        D. 他们太认真。这是在第二段总提到的内容“我们都知道妇女引起的交通事故比男人少得多，她们非常认真负责不会像发疯似的开车。”‎ Passage Thirty (Fingerprints)‎ ‎   The search for latent prints is done in a systematic and intelligent manner. Investigators develop techniques to locate traces of fingerprints at a crime scene. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene. The natural manner in which a person would use and place his hands in making an entrance or exit from a building or in handling any object is the key to the discovery of latent prints.‎ ‎   Where a forced entrance has been made, latent prints are likely to be found on any surface adjacent to or at that point. Any object with a smooth, non-porous surface is likely to retain latent prints if touched. Fingerprints on rough surfaces are usually of little value. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons. Places to search for prints on an automobile are the rear view mirror, steering wheel hub, steering column, windshield dashboard and the like.‎ ‎   Dusting of surface may be done with a fine brush or with an atomizer. The whit powders used are basically finely powdered white lead, talc, or chalk. Another light powder is basically Chemist’s gray. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragon’s blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface. Fingerprints after dusting may be lifted by using fresh cellulose tape or commercially prepared material especially designed ‎ to lift and transfer dusted latent fingerprints.‎ ‎   In addition to latent prints, the investigator must not overlook the possibility of two other types of fingerprint traces: molded impression and visible impression. Molded impressions are formed by the pressure of the finger upon comparatively soft, pliable, or plastic surfaces producing an actual mold of the fingerprint pattern. These can be recorded by photograph without treating the surface, is usually most effective in revealing the impressions clearly. Visible impressions are formed when the finger is covered with some substance which is transferred to the surface contacted. Fingers smeared with blood, grease, dirt, paint, and the like will leave a visible impression. If these impressions are clear and sharp, they are photographed under light without ant treatment. Ordinarily, prints of this type are blurred or smeared and do not contain enough detail for identification by comparison. However, they can not be overlooked or brushed aside without first being examined carefully.‎ ‎1.      What is the best title for this passage?‎ ‎[A]. Visible impressions.             . Moulded impressions.‎ ‎[C]. Fingerprints.                   [D]. Latent fingerprints.‎ ‎2.      How many fingermarks are mentioned in this passage?‎ ‎[A]. 2.             . 3.           [C]. 4.            [D]. 5.‎ ‎3.      Which type of fingerprints is most likely to retain?‎ ‎[A]. Latent fingerprints.                . Visible impressions.‎ ‎[C]. Moulded impressions.              [D]. Clear fingerprints.‎ ‎4.      How many ways are there to develop fingerprints?‎ ‎[A]. 2.           . 3.           [C]. 4.          [D]. 5.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.      latent print                      潜在指纹 ‎2.      premise                         前提 ‎3.      non-porous                      无孔的，不渗透的 ‎4.      ridge                           脊，隆起部 ‎5.      nil                             无，零 ‎6.      premise                         房屋及其附属部件 ‎7.      rear view mirror                  后视镜 ‎8.      steering wheel hub                驾驶盘 ‎9.      steering column                  转向柱 ‎10.      windshield                      挡风玻璃 ‎11.      dashboard                       仪表盘，挡泥板 ‎12.      atomizer                        喷雾器 ‎13.      talc                            滑石 ‎14.      lampblack                       灯黑，灯烟 ‎15.      acacia                          阿拉伯树胶，金合欢胶 ‎16.      dragons blood                    龙血树脂，麒麟血 ‎17.      sparingly                        少量的，节约的 ‎18.      novice                          新手，初学者 ‎19.      cellulose tape                    纤维带，指纹胶带 ‎20.      lift                             提起，拿起。这里指取下指纹。‎ ‎21.      molded impression                模性压痕 ‎22.      visible impression                 可见压痕 ‎23.      pliable                          柔韧的，柔顺的 ‎24.      smear                           搽上，涂污，弄得模糊不清 难句译注 ‎1.      The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene.‎ ‎[结构简析] 句子长是因为有两个定语从句：which 和who； which 修饰areas; who 修饰persons.‎ ‎[参考译文] 搜寻潜手印的基本前提是：要非常仔细的检查那些最可能为曾到过现场的人所触摸的地方。‎ ‎2.      If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed.‎ ‎[结构简析] 条件句，主从句中都有一个when ‎ +过去分词句型。第一个直接紧跟从句，第二个在主句的表语后面。译时根据其所在位置。‎ ‎[参考译文] 假如指印在放大镜下观察时没有显露隆起部分的细节（不显露指纹纹理），那很可能，在摄影时其鉴别价值等于零。‎ ‎3.      Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons.‎ ‎[结构简析] 复合句，前面是主从句， where…it will be necessary, 从句so that 中又有一个条件句，if they …。‎ ‎[参考译文] 如果发现了指印，检查人员就必须把发现的指印和有权进入房屋的人的指印作比较。如果指印证实是来自这些人的，那么作为证据价值的线索就可排除掉。‎ ‎4.      A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragon’s blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface.‎ ‎[结构简析] 句子长，因为表语中有形容词短语similar to , 而to 的宾语又有一个省略which的定从he wishes to search.. 此外副词短语in order to … 的宾语也有一个修饰的分词短语best suited.‎ ‎[参考译文] 对新手来说，最好的办法就是用自己在类似于他想要搜索的表面上的指印作一个实验，以确定最适用于这种表面的粉末。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇介绍在犯罪现场搜寻“（潜）指印”的文章。采用平铺直叙步步深入的写作方式。头两段先介绍经常会有“潜指印”的地方是房子的出口和入口，汽车的后视镜，方向盘等。屋内光滑无孔的物体，如若接触就会留有潜指印，但粗糙物体的潜指印就没有价值，放大镜下不显现纹理的指印也无价值，就得看摄影显示决定。‎ 接着，介绍运用白粉，黑粉轻拂扫，新鲜纤维带把潜手印取下的种种方法和步骤。‎ 最后一段介绍了除潜手印外还有两种不能忽略的手印：模性和可见压痕及其形成和取证方法。‎ 答案祥解 ‎1.      C. 指印，不管哪一种。‎ A. 可见压痕。   B. 模性压痕。  C. 潜指印，都属于指印。所以最佳的标题应是指印。‎ ‎2.      B. 三种指印，即：潜指印，模性和可见压痕。‎ ‎3.      A. 潜指印。因为潜指印隐秘，又是作案人无意中留下不易为人发现和破坏。其价值性从文中第三段描写取潜指印可见一般。‎ B. 和C. 见第四段“一定不要忽略其它两种类型的指印痕：模性压痕和可见压痕的可能性”这说明这两种指印较少，特别是模性压痕是在相当柔软，柔韧或者塑性表面留下的，作案人一般都是小心翼翼的，不留下指印，更不太可能在这类东西上压上一个指痕。至于可见压痕，是手上沾了“血，油脂，脏土，油漆之类物品”留下。“一般来说，这种类型的指印都是模糊不清或者是污脏难分，比较之下它们对鉴定来说，没有足够细节证据。”     D. 清楚指印，没有这个专门名称。‎ ‎4.      A. 两种。第三段第四句起“在显影指印时，公认的方法是用少许粉末，轻轻拂扫。如果指印在昏暗的灯光下可见，就可以摄影”，“指印轻扫后就用指纹胶带或商业专备材料把它们取下。这是一种专门设计用于取下和转移轻拂扫后的指印材料。”‎