专题05 必修3Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列（解析版）

专题05 必修3Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列（解析版）

‎2019英语艺体生百题突破专题系列之英语 根据艺体生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。‎ 练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。‎ 能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。‎ 词汇基础知识狂背：‎ I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇 ‎1.gain vt. & vi. 获得；赢得；(钟表)走快　n. 利益 ‎(1)He had gained weight and looked much better.他体重增加，脸色好看多了。 (2)He gained much profit from reading.他从读书中获益良多。 2. award vt. 颁奖，授予，判定　n. 奖，奖品 ‎(1)They awarded John the first prize.他们授予约翰一等奖。 (2)He won the award for his excellent skill.他由于他出色的技能而获奖。‎ ‎3. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩，羡慕 The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.这所学校教学优秀，远近称誉。‎ ‎4. apologize v．道歉 Bill was apologizing to his friend for having kept her waiting for a long time. 比尔因让他的朋友等了好长时间正在道歉呢。‎ ‎5.remind v. 使想起；使记起；提醒 ‎ reminder n. 起提醒作用的人或物/remind sb. of sth./doing提醒某人(做)某事/remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人去做/remind sb. that...提醒某人……‎ The pictures remind me of my school days.这些照片使我想起学生时代。 6. forgive vt. 宽恕，原谅 ‎ forgive sb.for...原谅某人做了某事 ‎ I’ll never forgive you for what you said to me last night.我不会原谅你昨晚对我说的那些话。‎ ‎7.trick n. 计谋；诡计；欺诈 The girls were always playing tricks on their teacher.那些女孩子总是捉弄她们的老师。‎ ‎（2）短语 ‎1. in memory of 纪念 The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.‎ 这个博物馆是为了纪念那位著名的科学家而建立的。‎ ‎2. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰 dress sb./oneself 给……穿衣服；打扮/be/get dressed in＋(衣服或表颜色的词) 穿着……/dress＋adv.(或表目的、场合的介词短语) 穿着……‎ ‎3. look forward to 期望；期待；盼望 My mother said she was looking forward to meeting you.我妈妈说她正期待着与你见面。‎ ‎4.turn up 出现；到场；开大，调高，增加速度、音量、强度或流量 The book you have lost will turn up someday.你丢的那本书说不定哪一天又会找到。‎ ‎5.keep one’s word守信用；履行诺言 get in a word插话/嘴/have a word with sb.与某人谈话/have words with sb.与某人吵架/in a/one word简言之，总之/in other words(＝that is to say)换句话说/leave word留言/the last word最后决定；最后意见/ word for word一字不差地；逐字地 ‎【注意】keep one’s word相当于keep one’s promise，反义短语是break one’s word/promise。注意两短语中的word不可数，无复数。‎ ‎6.set off出发；动身；使爆炸 If you want to catch that train we’d better set off for the station immediately. 你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身去火车站。‎ ‎7.in the shape of 呈现某种形状；以某种形式 Tom’s birthday cake was in the shape of a train.汤姆的生日蛋糕是火车形状。‎ ‎（3）易混易错点拨 ‎1.gain/acquire/earn/achieve ‎(1)gain 收获；获得。指获得有用或必需的东西。可以用于体重、力量的增加，奖学金的获得，更常用于经验、知识、教育、满足等的获得。‎ ‎(2)acquire 购得，得到(尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西)；获得，掌握(知识、技能等)。‎ ‎(3)earn 取得；赚得。通常指通过工作挣钱，也可以用于应该得到的东西，如支持、认同、声望或尊敬。‎ ‎(4)achieve 得到，获得。多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。 ‎ 在语境中体会运用 ‎(1)The movie star achieved success and wealth.‎ ‎(2)He earned a lot of praise from the public.‎ ‎(3)I'm new in the job but I'm already gaining experience.‎ ‎(4)I took on it as an opportunity to acquire fresh skills.‎ ‎2.dress/wear/put on/have on ‎(1)dress是动作动词，表示“给(人)穿衣/打扮”，后面的宾语是表示人的名词。常见的用法有dress sb./oneself, be dressed(in), dress well/quickly等。‎ ‎(2)wear是状态动词，表示“穿戴、佩戴(手表、首饰、花等)，留(发型、胡须)等”；还可表示“面露、面带(某种表情、样子等)”，意义广泛。‎ ‎(3)put on是动作动词，表示“穿(衣)戴(帽)”，后面的宾语是表示衣服等的名词。‎ ‎(4)have on是状态动词短语，除了表示“穿着，戴着”之外，还可表示树木等“披着，挂着”，不用进行时态。‎ 在语境中体会运用 ‎(1)It’s autumn. But the trees still have leaves on.‎ ‎(2)She was dressed in her brother’s clothes.‎ ‎(3)She wore an angry expression.‎ ‎(4)He put on his coat and went out.‎ ‎3.take place/happen/occur/break out/come about ‎(1)take place 其“发生”是按意图或计划进行，无偶然性，无被动语态。‎ ‎(2)happen 普通用语，其“发生”带有意外和偶然性。另可作“碰巧”讲，用法是 happen to do sth.，无被动语态。‎ ‎(3)occur 较正式用语，指具体事物时可与 happen互换(但 happen to do不可换成 occur to do)；另外 occur 有“突然想起”的意思，此时不可与 happen 互换，如 A good idea occurred to him.‎ ‎(4)break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；(疾病)突然发生。无被动语态。‎ ‎(5)come about “发生，产生”，指要解释或说明事情发生的理由，常与 how连用。‎ 在语境中体会运用 ‎(1)Our school sports meet will take place next Friday.‎ ‎(2)It never occurred to me that I had seen her before.‎ ‎(3)How did these differences come about？‎ ‎(4)There happened to be the book I was looking for.‎ ‎(5)SARS broke out all over China in the spring of 2003.‎ ‎(6)The Olympic Games take place every four years.‎ II.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟。）‎ 必修3‎ Unit 1‎ take place 发生 beauty n. 美；美人 harvest n. & vt. & vi. 收获；收割 celebration n. 庆祝；祝贺 hunter n. 狩猎者；猎人 starve vi. & vt. (使)饿死；饿得要死 origin n. 起源；由来；起因 religious adj. 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的 ancestor n. 祖先；祖宗 in memory of 纪念；追念 feast n. 节日；盛宴 bone n. 骨；骨头 belief n. 信任；信心；信仰 dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰 trick n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门 ‎ vt. 欺骗；诈骗 play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 poet n. 诗人 arrival n. 到来；到达；到达者 gain vt.获得；得到 independence n. 独立；自主 independent adj. 独立的；自主的 gather vt. & vi. & n. 搜集；集合；聚集 agriculture n. 农业；农艺；农学 agricultural adj. 农业的；农艺的 award n. 奖；奖品 ‎ vt. 授予；判定 rooster n. 雄禽；公鸡 ‎ admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕 energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的 look forward to 期望；期待；盼望 day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天 as though 好像 have fun with 玩得开心 custom 习惯；风俗 worldwide adj. 遍及全世界的；世界性的 fool n. 愚人；白痴；受骗者 vt. 干傻事；开玩笑 adj. 傻的 permission n. 许可；允许 parking n. （汽车等）停放 ‎ parking lot 停车场 turn up 出现；到场 keep one’s word 守信用；履行诺言 hold one’s breath 屏息；屏气 apologize vi. 道歉；辩白 drown vt. & vi. 淹没；溺死；淹死 sadness n. 悲哀，悲伤 obvious adj. 明显的；显而易见的 wipe vt. 擦；揩；擦去 weep vi. (wept, wept) 哭泣；流泪 ‎ n. 哭；哭泣 set off 出发；动身；使爆炸 remind vt. 提醒；使想起 ‎ remind … of … 使……想起……‎ forgive vt. (forgave, forgiven) 原谅；饶恕 Unit 2‎ Diet n. 日常饮食 vi. 节食 nut n. 坚果；果仁 bean n. 豆；豆科植物 pea n. 豌豆 cucumber n. 黄瓜 eggplant n. 茄子 pepper n. 辣椒；辣椒粉 mushroom n. 蘑菇 peach n. 桃子 loemn 柠檬 balance vt. 平衡；权衡 ‎ n. 天平；平衡 ‎ balanced diet 平衡膳食 mutton n. 羊肉 roast adj. 烤制的 ‎ vt. & vi. 烤；烘；烘烤 ‎ fry vt. & vi. 油煎；油炸 ‎ stir-fry vt. 用旺火炒（或煎、煸）‎ ought v. aux. 应当；应该 ought to 应当；应该 lose weight 体重减轻；减肥 slim vi. 变细；减肥 adj. 苗条的；纤细的 curiosity n. 好奇心 hostess n. 女主人；女主持人 raw adj. 生的；未加工的 vinegar n. 醋 get away with 被放过；（做坏事）不受惩罚 lie n. 谎话；谎言 ‎ vi. 说谎 ‎ tell a lie 说谎 customer n. 顾客；消费者 discount n. 折扣 win … back 赢回；重新获得 weakness n. 缺点；虚弱；弱点 strength n. 强项；长处；力量 consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量 fibre n. 纤维；纤维制品 digest vi. & vt. 消化 ‎ n. 摘要；概要 carrot n. 胡萝卜 earn one’s living 谋生 debt n. 债；债务 ‎ in debt 欠债 glare vi. 怒目而视；闪耀 ‎ n. 怒视；眩目的光 spy vi. & vt. 窥探；秘密监视 ‎ n. 间谍；侦探 spy on 暗中监视；侦查 limit vt. 限制；限定 ‎ n. 界限；限度 ‎ limited adj. 有限的 benefit n. 利益；好处 ‎ vt. & vi. 有益于；有助于；受益 breast n. 胸部；乳房 garlic n. 大蒜 sigh vi. 叹息；叹气 n. 叹息；叹息声 combine vt. & vi. （使）联合；‎ ‎ （使）结合 cut down 削减；删节 before long 不久以后 put on weight 增加体重 III.重点句型背诵 The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云密布，天看起来像要下雨了。‎ She talks and talks as if she would never stop. 她说呀说呀，好像永远也说不完。‎ He talks as if a philosopher.他谈论起来就好像是一个哲学家似的。 You were meant to keep the children out of trouble.你有责任不让孩子们遇到麻烦。‎ You asked him to leave，and so he did.你要他离开，他这样做了。‎ He watered the flowers and so did I．他给花浇了水，我也浇了。‎ 能力提升——测一测 I．单词拼写 ‎1．The lazy bird had nothing in store for the winter, so he had to s_________.‎ ‎2．It's believed that humans' a______________ is a kind of monkey.‎ ‎3．Li Bai, Du Fu were both well－known Chinese p______.‎ ‎4．On his a__________， he got down to working hard.‎ ‎5．When we go to a different country, we should follow its c____________.‎ starve　ancestor poets arrival custom ‎ ‎6．We need warm _____________ (衣服) for the winter.‎ ‎7．The boy had been ___________ (淹) to death before the adults came to save him.‎ ‎8．She entered the lab without _______________ (许可)．‎ ‎9．Do you know when India gained ‎ its __________________ (独立) from Britain?‎ ‎10．He got a lot of ________(奖状) for his excellent study.‎ clothing drowned permission independence awards ‎11．If you have a good d____________， you may always feel fit and healthy.‎ ‎12．Sorry, this box is too heavy. I don't have the s________ to lift it.‎ ‎13．Out of c_____________， I asked an impolite question, “May I know your age？”‎ ‎14．When c____________ go into a shop, they naturally look to their left but move clockwise, towards the right.‎ digestion　strength curiosity customers ‎15．C________________ the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently.‎ ‎16．In some countries, people eat too much fat and sugar; they should eat a _________ (均衡的) diet to keep healthy.‎ ‎17．Taking exercise is of great _______ (利益) to our health.‎ ‎18．If I pay all my ______ (债), I'll have no money left.‎ ‎19．He is not ______ (苗条的) enough to wear these tight trousers.‎ ‎20．Who gave you ____________ (允许) to leave the office so early?‎ Combine　balanced benefit debts slim permission II.短语填空 ‎(1)He used to _______________ trees, but he plants trees now.他过去砍树，而现在植树。‎ ‎(2)Being __________________________ makes Tom a light mood.还清了债务使得汤姆心情轻松。‎ ‎(3)How can I _________________________________ the flies in the kitchen？我怎样才能把厨房里的苍蝇消灭掉？‎ ‎(4)Some films _________ education ______ recreation.有些电影把教育与娱乐结合起来。‎ ‎(5)I __________ much ______ my father's advice.‎ 我从父亲的建议中获益颇多。‎ ‎1.cut down 2.out of debt 3.get rid of 4.combine with 5.benefited from III.语法填空 ‎1. The company was named Gates Hall in memory ________ a man named James Gates.‎ ‎2. If appearance did not count, why would people dress ________ for such interviews — even if the job they are ‎ hoping to get is dressed down?‎ ‎3. The 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature ________(award) to Mo Yan.‎ ‎4. My grandfather is as ________(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.‎ ‎5. Sir, you are not allowed to enter the building if you do not get our manager’s ________(permit).‎ ‎6. I will not wait for him for a second — he may have something else to do, so he could not turn ________ here.‎ ‎7. The North Korea’s conducting an underground nuclear explosion set ________ an international argument.‎ ‎8. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ought ________(come), but why didn’t you?‎ ‎9. The teacher wants his students to know more about modern science and tries hard to develop a ________(curious) about nature among his students.‎ ‎10. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ________(strong) and weaknesses.‎ ‎11. I am heavily ________ debt at the moment, but I hope to be out of it when I get paid.‎ ‎12. Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also ________(limited) our thinking.‎ ‎13. According to the Nobel Prize organization, Mo Yan’s work displays a mixture of fantasy and reality, ________(combine) historical and social aspects.‎ ‎14. Many people have come to realize that they should go on ________ balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.‎ ‎15. The chairman, together with the older leaders, stood on the Tian’anmen Tower, ________(watch) the parades marching along the Chang’an Avenue.‎ ‎【答案】1. of 2. up 3. was awarded 4. energetic 5. permission 6. up 7. off8. to have come 9. curiosity 10. strengths 11. in 12. limit ‎13. combining 14. a 15. watching IV．完成句子 ‎1. It is amazing that great changes ________ ________ ________(发生)in the rural areas in the last two decades.‎ ‎2. The best way is ________ ________ ________ ________(屏住呼吸) and pretend to be dead when you come across a bear in the forest.‎ ‎3. He came to me ________ ________ ________ ________(相信) I could help him and be relied on.‎ ‎4. He pretended to be ill and skipped school, but he didn’t ________ ________ ________ ________(逃脱惩罚).‎ ‎5. ________ ________ ________ ________(你我都不) am so energetic as to stay up all night watching movies.‎ ‎【答案】1. have taken place 2. to hold your breath 3. in the belief that4. get away with it ‎5. Neither you nor I V.句型填空 ‎1．She talks and talks as if___________________.她说呀说呀，好像永远也说不完。‎ 答案she would never stop ‎2.It looks ________ the sky was/were falling down.天看起来好像要塌下来似的。‎ 答案as if ‎3.I __________ hurt your feelings.我没打算伤害你的感情。‎ 答案didn’t mean to IV．范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）‎ A healthy diet and regular exercise may help to prevent obesity(肥胖) among children. Take Li Ming for example. Li Ming used to be a healthy boy. But over a year ago, he got into the habit of eating a lot of junk food and snacks. Besides, he spent a lot of time lying on the sofa, watching TV, and did little exercise.（结果，他增重了许多以至于他发现爬楼梯都困难）________________________________________________________.‎ ‎ So Li Ming decided to change the unhealthy lifestyle.（除了平衡健康的饮食外，他积极参加像游泳、滑冰、跑步和打篮球这样的体育活动）‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Months later, Li Ming became as fit as before.‎