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专题12+情态动词(一)-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍
情态动词是表示说话人的各种态度的助动词。情态动词有一般式、进行式和完成式。情态动词数量多,用法复杂,很多考生遇到这类题感觉无从下手。其实同学们只要从情态动词的用法和形式两个方面入手,则掌握情态动词就很容易了。 从用法上讲,情态动词有推测性用法和非推测性用法两个方面。考生应当弄清楚同一情态动词两种用法的区别以及不同情态动词表示推测或非推测时用法的区别。从形式上讲,高考主要考查一般式和完成式两种形式。情态动词的一般式表示对现在或将来发生的事情的态度,完成式表示对过去发生的事情的态度。 考点一 不表推测的情态动词 不表推测的主要情态动词的主要用法见下表: 情态动词 肯定句 否定句 疑问句 must 必须 不能(禁止) 必须……吗? will 会(表示意志),愿意(表示意愿) 不愿(拒绝) 愿意……吗?(表示邀请,请求) would 会,愿意(常用于虚拟语气或表示过去的间接引语中) 不愿(用于过去,表示拒绝) 愿意……吗?(表示邀请,请求。语气比will委婉) shall 应该,必须;可以(用于第三人称,用于规章,规则,法令等;用于第二、三人称,表示允诺) 不能 要不要……?(主动帮忙),……怎么样?(征询意见,提出建议) should/ought to 应该(表示责任,义务,劝告) 不应该 要不要……?(主动帮忙),……怎么样?(征询意见,提出建议)比shall语气委婉。 can 能够(表示能力) 不能(不准) 能……吗?(请求许可) could 能够(表示过去一般性的能力) 不能(过去一般性的活具体的能力) 能……吗?(请求许可,语气比can委婉) may 可以(表示准许) 不可以(表示不允许) ……可以吗?(请求许可) might 可以(只用于间接引语中) 极少用 用于请求许可,语气比may委婉 need 需要(表示义务;劝告) 不必(表示劝告,建议;责任,义务) 需要……吗?(请求许可) 1. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _______ easily reach the books on the top shelf. (2017北京) A. must B. should C. can D. need 【答案】C 【解析】can表示能力,意为“能够”。 2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. (2017天津) A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 【答案】C 【解析】这里表示“不必”,故选C。 3. I love the weekend, because I _________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. (2016北京) A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t 4. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended. (2016天津) A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意:真讨厌,你给我推荐的数据库我进不去。couldn’t表示“不能”,符合句意。 5. — Can’t you stay a little longer? (2015北京) — It’s getting late. I really ______ go now. My daughter is home alone. A. may B. can C. must D. dare 【答案】C 【解析】这里表示“必须”,故用must。 6. ______ I have a word with you? It won’t take long. ( 2014北京) A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should 【答案】A 【解析】表示请求许可应当用may或can。 7. The door ______ open, no matter how hard she pushed. (2013全国I) A. shouldn’t B. couldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't 【答案】C 【解析】此处描述主语the door的特点“老是打不开”,表其固有的特性,用情态动词would。 7. The new law states that people _______ drive after drinking alcohol. (2012上海) A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. won’t D. mustn’t 【答案】D 【解析】句意:新法规定,禁止酒后驾车。mustn’t表示“禁止”。 8. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. (2012辽宁) A. might B. could C. shall D. will 【答案】C 【解析】 shall常用于法律条文、规定、协议等,表示警告、命令等,意为“必须”。 9. —I don’t care what people think. (2011四川) —Well, you _______. A. could B. would C. should D. might 【答案】C 10. —Will you read me a story ,Mummy? (2011陕西) —OK. You ________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——妈妈,给我讲故事好吗?——好的,如果你能尽快睡觉的话,可以给你讲一个故事。shall用于第二人称表示允诺。 注意: 1. 表示“不必要”可以用needn’t或don’t/didn’t have to。例如: 1. — Did you ask Sophia for help? — I ___ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own. (2012全国II) A. wouldn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t 【答案】C 【解析】don’t need to意为“不必要”,由语境可知,应用一般过去时。 2. You ______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. (2010湖南) A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 【答案】D 【解析】句意:你不必买礼物,不过你想买也可以。Don’t have to意为“不必”,复合句意。 2. 对May/Can/Could I…?的肯定回答用Yes, you may/can.否定回答用No, you mustn’t.对Need I…?的肯定回答用Yes, you must.否定回答用No, you needn’t.或You don’t have to.例如: — May I take this book out of the reading room? — No, you ______. You read it in here. (2010 陕西) A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 【答案】D 【解析】对May/Can/Could I…?否定回答用No, you mustn’t.表示不允许,禁止。 3. must表示“偏要,偏偏”。 1. — ____ you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? — Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent. (2012重庆) A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would 【答案】C 【解析】句意:你非要现在插嘴吗?没看见我在打电话吗?must表示“非要,偏偏”。 2. John, look at the time. __________ you play the piano at such a late hour? (2011全国) A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 【答案】A 4. should表示“竟然”。 1. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. (2018江苏) A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】句意:真奇怪,他竟然不经过主人的允许把书拿走了。should意为“竟然”,符合句意。 2. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food. (2014江苏) A. might B. would C. should D. could 【答案】C 4. would表示过去习惯性的动作,意为“(过去)经常,总是”。 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _______ take me to Disneyland at weekends. (2014四川) A. might B. must C. would D. should 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我仍然记得我快乐的童年,那时,妈妈周末经常带我去迪士尼乐园玩。would表示过去习 惯性的动作,意为“经常,总是”。 巩固练习: 1. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't 【答案】D 2. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money. A. can B. might C. would D. need 【答案】A 【解析】句意:如果我能找到钱,我就和约翰去欧洲旅行。can表示能力,意为“能够”。 3. —Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime. —Sure. ______. A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will 【答案】D 【解析】I will表示意愿,意为“我会的。”,符合语境。 4. — Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? — I am afraid you _______, in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. can 【答案】B 【解析】 由语境可知,答语表示“恐怕你得通知他(日程的变化),以免他开会迟到。”must意为“必须”,符合句意。 5. — ______ I take the book out? — I’m afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 【答案】B 【解析】表示请求许可应当用may或can。 6. — What does the sign over there read? — “No person __________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.” A. will B. may C. shall D. must 【答案】C 【解析】shall常用于法律条文、规定、协议等,表示警告、命令等,意为“必须”。 7. I can’t leave. She told me that I __________ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may 【答案】B 【解析】由I can’t leave.可知“我必须呆在这儿”,must意为“必须”,符合句意。 8. — It’s the office! So you __________ know eating is not allowed here. — Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need 【答案】A 【解析】句意:这里是办公室!你必须清楚这里不许吃东西。must表示命令,意为“必须”。 9. According to the air traffic rules, you __________ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should 【答案】D 【解析】根据句意可知,这里的should表示义务或责任,意为“应该”。 10. — What do you think we can do for our aged parents? — You __________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t 【答案】D 查看更多