【英语】2018届二轮复习:数词学案(8页)

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【英语】2018届二轮复习:数词学案(8页)

‎2018届二轮复习数词 一. 数词的基本用法 ‎1. 基数词 ‎100以下的基本基数词 ‎100以上的基本基数词 ‎1~10‎ ‎11~19‎ ‎20~90‎ ‎1 one ‎2 two ‎3 three ‎4 four ‎5 five ‎6 six ‎7 seven ‎11 eleven ‎12 twelve ‎13 thirteen ‎14 fourteen ‎15 fifteen ‎16 sixteen ‎17 seventeen ‎18‎ ‎20 twenty ‎30 thirty ‎40 forty ‎50 fifty ‎60 sixty ‎70 seventy ‎80 eighty ‎90‎ ‎100 a / one hunderd ‎1,000 a / one thousand ‎1,000,000 a / one million ‎1,000,000,000 a / one billion (美) ‎ ‎ a / one thousand million (英)‎ ‎8 eight ‎9 nine ‎10 ten ‎ eighteen ‎19 nineteen ‎ ninety 1~12为独立单词 13~19在个位数词的词干上加后缀-teen构成 20~90以-ty结尾 21~99在十位与个位之间加连字符“-”,如36写成thirty-six 101~999由hundred加and再加二位数或末位数,如263写成two hunderd and sixty-three ‎ 506写成five hunderd and six hundred,thousand,million以及billion表示确切数字时不能加-s,如five hunderd;而在表示不确定数目时,表示“数以……计的”,要用复数形式,如hundreds of;thousand of;millions of。‎ ‎ 温馨提示: 英语中没有表示“万”和“亿”的数词,“万”用“十千”即“ten thousand”表示;“亿”则用“100个百万”即“one hundred million”表示。 ‎ 书写四位以上的数字时,右起每三位加一个“,”。每一个“,”号的前一位依次为thousand,million,billion。如123,406,571,982,读作“one hundred and twenty-three billion four hundred and six million five hundred and seventy-one thousand nine hundred and eight-two”.‎ dozen的用法 A. 与数词,many,several等连用时,不加“-s”,所修饰的名词前常省去“of”。‎ 如two dozen eggs many dozen pencils B. 当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these,those,my,your等或是人称代词宾格them,us,you时,这时需要加of。如two dozen of these pens three dozen of them C. dozen用其复数形式,后加of表示不的数量,意为“许多,几十”。如dozens of people score的用法 A. 单复数形式相同,与基数词连用共同修饰名词时,除a score of外,其他情况下不加of。‎ ‎ 如two score eggs three score people four score and ten pigs ‎ B. 其复数形式后加of,表示不确定数量,意为“许多”,如scores of students ‎2. 序数词 从第一至第十九 ‎ 其中,one—first, two—second, three—third, five—fifth, eight—eighth, nine—ninth, ‎ twelve—twelfth为特殊形式,其他的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。如six—sixth 从二十至第九十九 ‎ 整数第几十的形成由其对应的基数词改变词尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。‎ ‎ 如twenty—twentieth。表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。如第三十一 thirty—first 第一百以上的多位序数词 ‎ 由基数词的形式变最后数为序数词形式来表达。‎ 如第一百二十一 one hundred and twenty-first 序数词的缩写形式 ‎ 温馨提示: 序数词前面通常加定冠词the,表示“第几”,但也可以在前面用不定冠词a或an,意为“又……再……。如Try a secone time and you’ll succeed. After having the fourth apple, the boy ate a fifth one.‎ ‎ 基数词与序数词连用时,通常是序数词在前。如the first three ‎ pages of the book ‎ 序数词之前已有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用定冠词。‎ 如I’ll never forget that first lesson taught by Mr Wang.‎ ‎ Have you read his second novel?‎ 二. 小数、分数、百分数的表达法及基本用法 ‎1. 分数由基数词和序数词合成,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母的序数词要用复数形式。如三分之一one (a) third 三分之二 two thirds ‎ 一又三分之二one and two thirds ‎ ‎ 注意:二分之一one (a) half 四分之一one (a) quarter ‎ ‎2. 百分数由基数词后直接加percent构成。如30% 30 percent (per cent)‎ ‎3. 表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时,须在分数(或百分数)和人或物间加of。若充当主语,谓语动词的数须和of后的名词的数保持一致。‎ 如About three-fifths of the workers in that steel works are young people. ‎ Sixty percent of her income was spent on clothes.‎ ‎ 温馨提示:分数、百分数等也可用于下面的各种表达法中。如We increased 20% as many products as last year. We lost the game by one score.‎ 三. 倍数的表达法 ‎ 表示倍数时,一倍用once,两倍用twice / double,三倍以上用基数词 + times。数词表达倍数主要有以下几种方式:‎ ‎1. double / twice / three times / four times as many / much…as…型 如We have produced three times as many computers as we did last year.‎ ‎2. double / twice / three times / four times the size of…型 用法与size相同的名词常用的有:weight, height, depth, width, age, length等。如China is almost twice / double the size of Mexico in area.‎ ‎3. double / twice / three times / four times + what从句型 如The length of the road is twice / double what is was three years ago.‎ ‎4. double / twice / three times / four times + 比较级 + than型 如I am twice older than you.‎ ‎ He has read three times more books than I have.‎ ‎5. 比较级 + than …+ by + 倍数程度型 如The line is longer than that one by twice.‎ 四. 数学公式中的加、减、乘、除表达法 ‎ 加法用plus,减法用minus,乘法用times,除法用divided by表示;等号用is或equals或is equal to表示。如Nine and thirty is thirty-nine.=Nine plus thirty is thirty-nine ‎ Ten minus three is seven. = Three from ten leaves seven. ‎ Seven times seven equals forty-nine. Thirty-six divided by six is six.‎ 五. 编号表达法 ‎ 基数词,序数词均可用于编号,习惯上多用基数词,尤其是数字较长时。‎ 如Number 3 Middle School Class Six, Grade Two Room 405 (four 0 five)‎ ‎0543-3323086 (0 five four three- three three two three 0 eight six 六. 时间的表达法 ‎1. 年月日的表达法 ‎ 英语中年月日的表达法与中文不一样,它可以有两种形式,即:月、日、年或日、月、年。年份要放在最后,且多用阿拉伯数字表示;月份只能用英语表示;日期通常用序数词读出。如1999年2月28日 Feb 28th,1999‎ ‎2. 钟点表达法 ‎ 6点 at 6:00 / at six o’clock / at 6 o’clock / at six ‎6点15分 at 6:15 / at fifteen past six / at six fifteen ‎ 6点40分 at 6:40 / at twenty to seven / at six forty ‎ 注意:当分钟>30时,一般用介词to 如8:45 at fifteen to nine ‎ 当分钟≤30时,一般用介词past 如8:15 at fifteen past eight ‎3. 年龄表示法 用基数词表示年龄。如The boy is ten (years old).‎ 表示在多大年龄时,其前用介词at,即at(+ the age of)+ 基数词。‎ 如at the age of 17 = at 17‎ 表示“在某人的几十岁”时,可用介词in + one’s + 整十位数的复数形式。‎ 如Tom worked as a doctor in his thirties 与基数词合成的定语,其中的名词用单数。如a five-year-old boy; a ten-year plan 表示“一个五岁的男孩”,如a boy of five = a boy of five years old = a boy of five years of age = a five-year-old boy 七. 数词的语法功能 ‎ 数词在句子中,可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语。‎ ‎ 如The third is better than the other two.(主语) Sunday is the first day of a week.(定语) ‎ Is there any food left for us two?(同位语) This rope is one-fifth longer than one.(状语) Mr. Smith was the tenth to be present.(表语) I prefer the second to the first.(宾语)‎
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