2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修3-Module 3 The Violence of Nature

2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修3-Module 3 The Violence of Nature

‎[话题素材]‎ 好词 ‎1．earthquake n. 地震 ‎2．drought n. 干旱 ‎3．typhoon n. 台风 ‎4．survivor n. 幸存者 ‎5．hit vt. 袭击，打击，使遭受 ‎6．bring about 引起，导致 ‎7．get/be stuck 陷进去，被困住 ‎8．thunder and lightning 雷电交加 ‎9．burn down 烧毁，烧成平地 ‎10．do damage to对……造成破坏 ‎11．clear up (天气)放晴 ‎12．weather forecast 天气预报 ‎13．burn...to the ground 把……烧为平地 ‎14．come to one's rescue 来营救某人 ‎15．suffer loss 遭受损失 佳句 ‎1．Sometimes, a smile is so powerful that it gives great courage to those who suffer_a_lot in the disaster.‎ 有时候，微笑会如此有力量，它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。‎ ‎2．A severe earthquake almost destroyed everything, leaving many buildings in_ruins.‎ 一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。‎ ‎3．Many birds didn't survive the severe winter.‎ 许多鸟没活过严冬。‎ ‎ [精美语篇]‎ An earthquake measuring 6.6 degrees on the Richter scale occurred on the boundary between Min county and Zhang county, Dingxi, Gansu Province at 7：45 on the morning of July 22nd, 2013, which caused various degrees of destruction of nineteen counties and killed 75 people and caused 14 people missing at the same time and many buildings were destroyed. However, the brave people in the earthquake－stricken area are not beaten down by the disaster. Now they are saving themselves with the help of the PLA. We strongly believe the area will be ‎ built to be a modern beautiful place again.‎ Several months has passed, but we should never forget the damage the earthquake caused to them and those who are still in terrible trouble, so we should try our best to help them out, for it is a fine tradition of our Chinese people.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．flood (n.) 洪水 ‎2．cause (vt.) 引起；导致　(n.) 原因；事业；目标 ‎3．bury (vt.) 埋葬 ‎4．occur (vi.) 发生；想到 ‎5．thankfully (adv.) 感激地；满怀感谢地 ‎6．damage (n.&v.) 损失；损害 ‎7．furniture (n.) 家具→furnish (vt.) 配备，装备 ‎8．violent (adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→violence (n.) 暴力 ‎9．possibility (n.) 可能；可能性→possible (adj.) 可能的→possibly (adv.) 可能地 ‎10．terrifying (adj.) 吓人的；可怕的→terrified (adj.) 恐惧的，受惊吓的→terrify (vt.) 使恐惧；惊吓 ‎11．luckily (adv.) 幸运地；幸亏→lucky (adj.) 幸运的→luck (n.) 好运，运气 ‎12．hopefully (adv.) 满怀希望地；有希望地→hopeful (adj.) 有希望的→hope (n.&vt.) 希望，期望 ‎13．sadly (adv.) 伤心地；不幸地→sad (adj.) 悲伤的→sadness (n.) 悲伤 ‎14．strike (vt.& n．) (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；敲击；打动；使突然想到　(n.) 罢工→struck (过去式)→struck (过去分词)‎ ‎15．experience (vt.) 经历；经验→experienced (adj.) 有经验的 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．pick_up　　　　　　　卷起；掀起；拾起；搭载；偶然学会 ‎2．take_off 脱掉；起飞；突然大受欢迎 ‎3．on_average 平均起来 ‎4．end_up 结果为……；以……结束 ‎5．in_all 总共；共计 ‎6．set_fire_to 放火(焚烧)……‎ ‎7．wake_up 睡醒；醒来 ‎8．put_out 扑灭(火)‎ ‎9．take_place 发生 ‎10．do_damage_to (对……)造成损害 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 They can destroy houses, but leave_the_furniture_inside_exactly_ where_it_was.(教材P23)‎ 它们可以毁坏房屋，而把家具留在原处。‎ ‎2．现在分词短语作结果状语 On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing_about_80_deaths_and_1,500_injuries.(教材P23)‎ 平均来说，美国每年发生八百次龙卷风，造成大约八十人死亡，一千五百人受伤。‎ ‎3．by the time引导的时间状语从句 By_the_time_it_ended,_more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.(教材P23)‎ 到龙卷风结束时，已有七百多人死亡，二千七百多人受伤。‎ ‎4．形容词短语作后置定语 Montserrat is a beautiful small island in the Caribbean, only_16_ kilometers_long_and_10_kilometers_wide.(教材P25)‎ 蒙特塞拉特岛是加勒比海上一个美丽的小岛，只有十六千米长，十千米宽。‎ ‎5．There is the possibility of...“有……的可能性”‎ When the lava reached the sea, there_was_the_possibility_of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island. (教材P25)‎ 当熔岩流到海边，就有可能会引发巨大的浪潮，足以淹没半座岛屿。‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly ________ it was.‎ 答案：where ‎2．________ average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 ________ (death) and 1,500 ________ (injury)．‎ 答案：On; deaths; injuries ‎3．By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had ________ (injure)．‎ 答案：been injured ‎4．The worst hurricane disaster of all time ________ (occur) the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas.‎ 答案：occurred on ‎5．The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was ________ (destroy) by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up ________ the sea.‎ 答案：destroyed; in ‎6．China is situated in one of the most active earthquake regions in the world and there ________ (be) many terrible earthquakes.‎ 答案：have been ‎7．________ all, 830,000 people lost their lives.‎ 答案：In ‎8．The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake ________ has ever happened.‎ 答案：that ‎9．Fires ________ (cause) by the California Earthquake did the most damage.‎ 答案：caused ‎10．The fires burned for three days, ________ (destroy) a total ________ 25,000 buildings.‎ 答案：destroying; of ‎1　　experience　vt.经历；体验　n．[C]经历；[U]经验 Do you know anyone who has experienced one of the events？(P21)‎ 你认识曾经经历过其中一种事件的人吗？‎ ‎(1)experience have much experience in/at sth. 在……方面有经验 lack of experience 缺乏经验 an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历 ‎(2)experience sth. 体验/经历/感受某事 ‎(3)experienced adj. 有经验的 be experienced in/at 在……方面有经验 ‎①[2013·四川高考]Home is where we can remember pain, love, and some other experiences:_we parted here; my parents met here; I won three championships here.‎ 家是我们能记得痛苦，爱和一些其他经历的地方：我们在这里分开；我的父母在这里见面；在这里我赢得三个冠军。‎ ‎②He is an officer with experience,_who has many unusual experiences.‎ 他是个有经验的军官，有着很多不同寻常的经历。‎ ‎③Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite an exciting experience.‎ 从一万英尺高的飞机上跳下来是一次非常激动人心的经历。‎ ‎④[2015·安徽高考]If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety.‎ 如果你来到中国游览，你将会体验一种有惊人深度和多样性的文化。‎ ‎2　　bury　vt.埋葬；遮盖；使专心 Bury glass far away from rivers.‎ ‎ ‎①[译林⑥－4]We needed to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading.‎ 我们需要尽快将尸体埋藏，以防疾病扩散。‎ ‎②[牛津高阶]Since she left, he has_buried_himself_in his work.‎ 自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。‎ ‎③[朗文词典]Noel buried_his_face_in the pillow.‎ 诺埃尔把脸埋在枕头里。‎ ‎－特别提示－‎ 表示“专心于……”的常见短语还有：be devoted to; be absorbed in; be addicted to; be lost in; focus on; concentrate on等。‎ ‎3　　occur　vi.发生；出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现 Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.(P23)‎ 几乎所有这些飓风都发生在美国，从东南部的德克萨斯州到北部的南达科地区。‎ ‎(1)sth. occur(s) to sb. 某人想到……；……浮现在某人的脑海中 ‎(2)It occurs to sb.某人想到……‎ ‎①[2014·北京高考]Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.‎ 在实验室里做实验时要仔细观察是否发生了变化。‎ ‎②[2013·湖南高考]Not once did it occur_to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.‎ 迈克尔从没想到有一天他能成为班上的优等生。‎ ‎③It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.‎ 他突然想到第二天早上要出席一个重要会议。‎ 易混辨析 occur 表示“发生”时，表述较正式，常以具体的事件、事物为主语，此时可以与happen互换；表示“在脑海中出现某种想法”时，要用occur，而不可用happen take place 多指有计划、有目的、有步骤地发生，比如举办活动、发生变化等 happen 表示“发生”时，强调事件发生的偶然性和不可预见性，其主语为事物；表示“碰巧”时，常用于it happened＋that从句或happen to do sth.句型中 break out 多指战争、自然灾害、某种疾病的爆发 ‎④选词填空(occur/take place/happen/break out)‎ a．Great changes have ________ in China in the past two decades.‎ b．Does everyone know what to do if a fire ________？‎ c．We'll still be friends, whatever ________.‎ d．The meeting will ________ soon.‎ e．Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that ________ him.‎ 答案：a.taken place　b．breaks out　c．happens　d．take place　e．occurred to ‎－特别提示－‎ ‎①表示“发生”的词或短语都是不及物动词(短语)，其主语都是事情、事件等。‎ ‎②表示“某人想到……”还可以用下列句式：It struck/hit sb. that...。‎ ‎4　　strike　vt.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；突然想到；敲钟，报时；擦，划(火柴)　n．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；罢工 By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.(P23)‎ 到19世纪90年代末他已搬到了Galveston，并于1899年，也就是飓风袭击的前一年在那里去世。‎ ‎(1)strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位 打某人某处 be struck_by 被……打动 sth. strikes sb. 某人突然想起……‎ It strikes sb. that.../It strikes sb. to do...某人突然想到……‎ strike a match 划火柴 ‎(2)be_on strike 在罢工 go_on strike 举行罢工 图解助记 ‎①写出下列各句中strike的意思 a．A snowball struck him on the back of the head.________‎ b．A rather worrying thought struck me.________‎ c．You can't help being struck by her kindness.________‎ d．In many countries, the police are forbidden to strike.________‎ e．It was dark in the room so he struck a match.________‎ 答案：a.击；撞　b．(突然)被想到　c．被……打动　d．罢工 e．划火柴 易混辨析 strike 当“打”讲时，表示突然地，一次性地“击”；也可指钟打点 hit 指“打”时，侧重于对某一点“打中，击中”，指有目标的“打”。也可表示成功轰动一时的人或物 beat 指连续“殴打，击败”或“敲打”，还可指心脏、脉搏的跳动 ‎②选词填空(strike/hit/beat)‎ a．Waves ________ against the cliffs (悬崖)．‎ b．The bus ________ the bridge.‎ c．The clock has just ________ three.‎ d．The average person's heart ________ 70 times a minute.‎ 答案：a.beat　b．hit　c．struck　d．beats 过关演练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．It ________ (occur) to him that he had left his keys in the office.‎ 答案：occurred　句意：他突然想到他把钥匙落到办公室了。‎ ‎2．[2015·重庆高考]Without his wartime ________ (experience), Hemingway wouldn't have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ 答案：experiences　句意：没有战争时期的经历，海明威不可能写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。‎ ‎3．[2013·重庆高考]What ________ (strike) me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.‎ 答案：struck　句意：影片中最打动我的就是那位父亲对儿子深深的爱。strike的过去式应为struck。‎ ‎4．They were ________ (bury) alive by the enemies.‎ 答案：buried　be buried alive “被活埋”。‎ ‎5．[人教①－4]In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ________ (ruin)．‎ 答案：ruins　句意：在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就沦为一片废墟。in ruins “成废墟；严重受损”。‎ ‎6．[2015·北京高考]Once the damage is ________ (do), it will take many years for the farmland to recover.‎ 答案：done　do damage (to sth.) 为固定搭配，意为“(对……)造成损失”。此处考查被动。‎ ‎7．[人教⑥－4]Everyone believes that global warming is caused ________ the activities of humans.‎ 答案：by　句意：人们普遍认为全球变暖是人类活动所导致的。be caused by “由……引起”。‎ ‎8．[译林⑦－4]Cars are one of the leading causes ________air pollution in the world today.‎ 答案：of　cause作为名词“原因”讲时，常用cause of结构。‎ ‎9．After failing in the college entrance examination, he was ________ (bury) in his studies.‎ 答案：buried　be buried in 意为“埋头于，专心于”。‎ ‎10．The ________ earthquake damaged their village. Luckily, only a few people were injured. But they were ________.(terrify)‎ 答案：terrifying; terrified　第一个空修饰earthquake, 故用terrifying，表示“令人害怕的，吓人的”；第二个空修饰人，意为“感到害怕的”，故用terrified。‎ ‎1　　end up 以……结束；结果是……‎ The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.(P23)‎ 科格伦的墓地被飓风毁掉，结果灵柩也冲到大海里去了。‎ ‎(1)end (up) in 以……告终，结果为……‎ end (up) with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)‎ end up as 最终成为……‎ end up doing_sth. 最终以做某事而结束 ‎(2)come to an end 结束 put an end to 结束 from beginning to end 从头至尾，自始至终 on end 竖立；笔直地；连续地 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出 ‎－关键一点－‎ end up in后接表示结果的名词，end up with后接表示伴随方式的名词性的词或短语。‎ ‎①[2013·大纲全国卷]“Having all this information in one place could end_up_saving your mother's life，” Dr Marie Savard said.‎ ‎“把这些信息放在一个地方最后也许会挽救你母亲的性命，”玛丽·萨卫德医生说。‎ ‎②[人教⑧－3]Even a successful inventor makes many experiments that end_in_failure.‎ 即使是成功的发明家也有很多以失败告终的实验。‎ ‎③[北师大⑤－1]If you try to remember everything you will end_up_remembering nothing.‎ 如果你想记住所有内容，结果反而会什么也记不住。‎ ‎④[现代英语用法词典]The meeting came_to an end at last.‎ 会议终于结束了。‎ ‎⑤[现代英语用法词典]It will turn out all right in_the_end.‎ 最终一切都会变好的。‎ ‎⑥[朗文词典]It rained for three days on_end.‎ 雨连续下了三天了。‎ ‎2　　in all 总共；共计 In all, 830,000 people lost their lives.(P29)‎ 总共有83万人丧生。‎ ‎ ‎①[2014·重庆高考]After_all,_spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.‎ 毕竟，发现老虎只能证实它们的美，跟踪它们才能使你认识到更多的东西。‎ ‎②[人教⑦－1]All_in_all,_her mother and I are very happy with her progress.‎ 总而言之，我和她妈妈看到她的进步很高兴。‎ ‎③[牛津高阶]There were twelve of us in_all for dinner.‎ 我们一共十二个人吃饭。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 catch fire； pick up； put out； in all； by the time； on average； end up； set...on fire ‎1．He visited, ________ ten hospitals in China.‎ 答案：in all ‎2．Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just ________ with sweet dreams.‎ 答案：end up ‎3．The boy went down to ________ the wallet on the ground.‎ 答案：pick up ‎4．________ you arrive, I will have left.‎ 答案：By the time ‎5．The price of the egg is eight yuan per kg________.‎ 答案：on average ‎6．Without firemen the villagers around tried many ways to ________the fire.‎ 答案：put out ‎7．It seems that something has __________.‎ 答案：caught fire ‎ ‎8．A cigarette end ________ the house ________.‎ 答案：set; on fire ‎1　　They can destroy houses, but leave_the_furniture_inside exactly where it was.(P23)‎ 它们(龙卷风)能够毁坏房子，但是房子里面的家具却留在原地。‎ ‎①[人教⑥－3]Running a marathon will leave_you_out_of_breath.‎ 一场马拉松会让你上气不接下气。‎ ‎②We should not leave the tap water running or waste any materials in the lab class.‎ 在实验课上，我们不应该忘记关水龙头或者浪费材料。‎ ‎③They covered him with a blanket, only leaving his eyes exposed.‎ 他们给他盖上毛毯，只留出眼睛来。‎ 过关演练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough________(cool) the house during the hot day.‎ 答案：to cool　考查不定式作结果状语，adj.＋enough to do句型，表示“足以……”。‎ ‎2．[2013·课标全国卷Ⅰ]The sunlight is white and blinding, ________ (throw) hardedged shadows on the ground.‎ 答案：throwing　考查现在分词作结果状语。‎ ‎3．It ________ (occur) to him that he didn't close the windows.‎ 答案：occurred　it occurred to sb. that...“某人突然想到……”。‎ ‎4．________ (thank), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.‎ 答案：Thankfully　考查副词修饰句子。‎ ‎5．________ is the possibility of a big earthquake which could hit this area.‎ 答案：There　固定句式。There is the possibility of sth.“有……的可能性”。‎ 过去完成时的被动和间接引语 过去完成时由“助动词＋过去分词”构成，用法有以下几种：‎ ‎(1)表在过去某一动作或时间之前已完成的动作；‎ ‎(2)表从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作；‎ ‎(3)表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句；‎ ‎(4)用在间接引语或宾语从句中，放在said, thought, told, wondered 等动词后面，表示在这动作之前已经发生的行为；‎ ‎(5)用在“It was the first/second time that...”句型中。‎ ‎1．[2015·唐山调研]Father________(leave) for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn't see him.‎ 答案：had left ‎“had been done”为过去完成时的被动结构 单句改错 ‎2．[2014·天津高考]We won't start the work until all the preprarations had been made.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：had→have　‎ 间接引语：如果把直接引语变为间接引语，一般会转变成宾语从句，从句中的人称，时态，代词，时间状语和地点状语都要做相应的改变。‎ ‎3．时态变化 He said, “I've not heard from him since May”．‎ ‎＝He said he________him since May.‎ 答案：hadn't heard from ‎4．时间状语 She said, “I went there yesterday.”‎ ‎＝She said that she had been there________.‎ 答案：the day before yesterday ‎(1)一般疑问句变为间接引语时要用whether或 if引导，并将疑问语序变为陈述语序；‎ ‎(2)祈使句变间接引语时需将动词原形变为to do；‎ ‎(3)不定式(在句中作宾补)；不定式前根据意思使用tell, ask, order等动词；‎ ‎(4)直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。‎ ‎5．[2015·四川资阳高三一诊]I've received an offer from a German university, but I'm still hesitating ________I should accept it.‎ 答案：whether/if 过关演练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．Experiments of this kind ________ (conduct) in both the US and Europe well before the ‎ Second World War.‎ 答案：had been conducted ‎2．[2013·辽宁高考]He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ________ (have) it for a very long time.‎ 答案：had had ‎3．[2015·浙江高考]If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.‎ 答案：what ‎4．[2015·四川高考]The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.‎ 答案：why ‎5．[2016·河北衡水中学二模]I really wonder ________ there is any possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.‎ 答案：if/whether