专题06+阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题（练）-2019年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题06+阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题（练）-2019年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

‎1.【2017·全国I】D A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.‎ ‎ To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.‎ ‎ Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. ‎ ‎ The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. ‎ ‎33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. The tube. B. The still.‎ C. The hole. D. The cup.‎ ‎33.B 推理判断题。根据Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity可知最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。接水器指的是在潮湿地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用覆盖膜遮挡。整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分 ‎。这一题很容易错选D，但是退一步讲，就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围的环境变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高同学们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。这类试题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、以及对it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。‎ 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，考生要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。猜测词义时，要掌握以下六种解题技巧：‎ 技巧 1 定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位语从句来确定词义。 ‎ 技巧 2 对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。 ‎ 技巧 3 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 ‎ 技巧4 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。 ‎ 技巧5 构词法：在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。 ‎ 技巧6 根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。 ‎ 技巧7 根据句子结构进行判断。 ‎ 技巧8 根据文章的背景进行判断。 ‎ 技巧9 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。 ‎ ‎【小题1】D 考查猜测词义。误选项为A， 因为文中多次提到学汉语的儿童。但是根据文章第三 ‎12.【2013全国卷Ⅱ，C】‎ Given that many people's moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine. Looking like a setting from the film Charlie&the Chocolate Factory, Singapore's Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents' corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.‎ If the CRF seems to be a smart idea, that's because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi's and Sony. That idea surely results ‎ in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored(味道)chocolates.‎ The CRF's produce is "green". made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series一with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆).cheese and other flavors一also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela , and Ghana, among others.‎ ‎47. The words "chocolate snobs" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who ‎ A. are particular about chocolate B. know little about cocoa beans C. look down upon others D. like to try new flavors ‎【答案】‎ ‎【小题47】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎13.【2012全国卷Ⅰ，A】‎ Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest(巢)and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.‎ The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or people as it leads them to the nest. When they ‎ finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.‎ Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get ‎ it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.‎ ‎57. What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ ‎ A. A bee. B. A bird.‎ ‎ C. A honey seeker. D. A beekeeper.‎