专题04 代词-3年高考2年模拟1年原创备战2017高考精品系列之英语（解析版）

专题04 代词-3年高考2年模拟1年原创备战2017高考精品系列之英语（解析版）

‎2016版3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列 专题04 代词 ‎【2017年高考命题预测】‎ ‎ 预测今后高考命题将继续对代词在具体、特定语境下灵活运用的考查。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。解答此类试题需要注意：在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析。‎ ‎【考点定位】2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布 代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高，每年至少测试一道题。一般常见的考点分布在：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等，尤其是不定代词的考查更是重中之重。预测今后高考命题将继续对代词在具体、特定语境下灵活运用的考查。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。解答此类试题需要注意：在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析。‎ 在语法填空中主要考查代词的不同词形的变化，短文改错中主要考查代词的指代一致问题。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透祈 纵观历年高考试题，代词的主要考点主要集中在以下几个方面：不定代词one，the one, ones, the ones；物主代词的用法；人称代词主格和宾格的用法；表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；指示代词 this，that，these, those, it 的用法；another，(the)other(s)， else； the rest 的用法；every-，some-, any-，no与-thing，-one，-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。‎ 考点1 人称代词 一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。‎ ‎1．用于无谓语的句子中 一Does any of you know why Jack hasn’t come yet?你们有谁知道杰克为什么还没有到吗?‎ 一Me．我。‎ 特别提示 答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：I can．和I do，too．/So do I．‎ ‎2.表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等愔绪 ‎①Do you have good eyesight, young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗？‎ ‎—Me?I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away.我?我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。 ‎ ‎(2)what?Me fight a big chap like him? Not me!什么?我同像他那样的大个子打架?不会是我！‎ ‎3.代替as，than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末）‎ ‎①I’m not as tall as him(he).我没有他个子高。‎ ‎②She is much more careful than me(I).她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all，both等同位语时，用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如：‎ He works harder than us all.他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。‎ 考点2指不代词 ‎1．this/these，that/those this,these指代下面要说的内容；that，those指代上面陈述过的内容。如：‎ ‎①What I’d like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this．关于如何提高我们的英语口语，我想说的是这样的。‎ ‎②That’s a11．Thank you．我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)‎ ‎③Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown．这里的薪水比我家乡的高。‎ ‎2. 一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定 ‎ ‎①Who's that?你是谁?(打电话用语）‎ ‎②This is Mary.我是Mary。（打电话用语）‎ ‎③That's all right/OK.不用谢。（对感谢的答语）‎ ‎④That's nothing.没什么。（对道歉的答语）‎ ‎⑤That's that.就这么定了。（表示决定不能更改) 固That's all.就这些了。‎ ‎⑦That is…那就是......‎ ‎3．this，that有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，用在形容词或副词前作状语，表示程度 It isn’t that cold．还没那么冷。‎ 考点3不定代词 以下是几组易混不定代词：‎ ‎1．some类不定代词与any类不定代词 ‎(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如：‎ Raise your hands if you have any questions．如果你们有问题，请举手。‎ ‎(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some类的不定代词。如：‎ Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗?‎ ‎(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)；任何事情；无论什么”。如：‎ She promised that she could do anything for you．她许诺能为你做任何事情。‎ ‎2. All，both, neither, none ‎(l)all指三者或三者以上“都”， both指两者“都” 如：‎ ‎①Both(of)his hands were wounded.他的两只手都受伤了。‎ ‎②All(of)his fingers were wounded.他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)‎ ‎⑵neither表示“两个都不"，常和of连用，放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前，作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none表示三个或三个以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接of短语，与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语，指人时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时，只用第三人称单数形式。如：‎ ‎①Neither of the twins is/are correct.那两个双胞胎都不正确。‎ ‎②None of us has/have ever been to the Great wall.我们没有人去过长城。‎ ‎3．any，either，each，every ‎(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。也可用在肯定句中，以加强语气，表示“任一”的概念；还可以用来修饰可数名词单数，表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如：‎ I didn’t eat any meat．我一点儿肉也没吃。‎ ‎4．no，none，nothing，nobody ‎(1)no不能单独使用，相当于not a或not any，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：‎ You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others．你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。‎ ‎(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：‎ ‎①None of the books is suitable for the young．这些书都不适合年轻人读。‎ ‎②一How many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人?‎ 一None．没人。‎ ‎(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：‎ 一Who is in the room?谁在屋内?‎ 一Nobody．没有人。‎ ‎5．it，one，ones，that和those ‎⑴it特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由the，this, that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如：‎ ‎①Where is that book? I can't find it.那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。‎ ‎②I have not got any erasers. Will you please give me one?我没有橡皮，请你给我一块好吗？‎ ‎⑵one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和the one 可互换使用。如：‎ The book isn’t so interesting as the one/that you borrowed．这本书不如你借的那本有趣。‎ ‎(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：‎ ‎①The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan．最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。‎ ‎②The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door．这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。‎ Your coat is blue，and my new one is green．你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。‎ ‎(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：‎ The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk．桌上的那些书比桌下的好。‎ ‎6. another, other, others，more ‎⑴another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人 或物、还可以用数量词+复数名词”，表示“再，又”。如：‎ ‎①Was there another way out?还有别的路出去吗？‎ ‎②We'd better wait another five minutes.我们最好再等五分钟。‎ 特别提示 表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。‎ ‎(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：‎ ‎①one remained and the other went away．一个留下了，另一个走了。‎ ‎②We should learn to treat others as equals．我们应该学会平等待人。‎ ‎7．something，anything，everything，nothing ‎(1)something一般用在肯定句中，也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：‎ Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?‎ ‎(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：‎ There isn’t anything inside．里面什么也没有。‎ ‎(3)everything意为”一切事物”，可用在肯定句或疑问句中。‎ 用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anything。如：‎ Everything is good when new，but friends when old．东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(谚语)‎ ‎(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：‎ ‎①Do nothing by halves．凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)‎ ‎②Fools learn nothing from wise men，but wise men learn much from fools．愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。(谚语)‎ 考点4 反身代词 ‎1.反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语 ‎①The text itself is very easy.这篇课文本身很简单。（作主语的同位语）‎ ‎②(Either)Jane or yourself will go there.要么Jane去，要么你自己去。（作并列主语，但不能单独作主语）‎ ‎③He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.自嘲者不会让人嘲笑。‎ ‎④Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you.要人尊敬，必须自重。‎ ‎2．主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself，enjoy oneself，help oneself，throw oneself，look after oneself ‎3．在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适 I don’t know what’s the matter with me．I’m not myself today．‎ ‎4．用在交际英语中 ‎①Help yourself!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!‎ ‎②Make yourself at home!别拘束!‎ ‎③Don’t upset yourself!别自寻煨商了1‎ ‎5．辨别几组搭配 by oneself独自，单独；for oneself独自地，靠自己的力量；of oneself~t动地；to oneself独占，独用 考点5 it的用法 在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：‎ ‎1.指代作用 ‎（1）用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物（单数可数名词或不可数名词）。如： Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us.虽然我们看不见空气，担它却在我们的周围。‎ ‎⑵代替前面的整个句子。如：‎ It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isn’t true.据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的.‎ ‎(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：‎ 一What is this?这是什么?‎ 一It’s a bike．是自行车。‎ ‎(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：‎ ‎①The baby cried because it Was hungry．婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)‎ ‎②一Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?‎ 一It’s me．是我o ‎(5)指环境、情形等。如：‎ ‎①I can’t stand it any longer．我再也不能容忍这种情况了。‎ ‎②Take it easy．别紧张。‎ ‎③It doesn’t matter．没关系。‎ ‎(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：‎ ‎①It’s getting colder and colder now．现在越来越冷了。‎ ‎②It is winter now．现在是冬天了。‎ ‎2．形式作用 ‎⑴形式主语 当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如:‎ ‎①It's no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。‎ ‎②It takes three generations to make a gentleman.十年樹木，百年樹人。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2)形式宾语 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：‎ ‎①You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious．你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。‎ ‎②)They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events．他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。‎ 特别提示 形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：‎ ‎①1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash．如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。‎ ‎②The boy likes it when you do that．那个男孩喜欢你那样做。‎ ‎3．强调作用 it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。‎ ‎【三年高考】 14、15、16高考试题及其解析 ‎2016年高考试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎【2016·浙江】3. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.‎ A. that B. this C. one D. it ‎【答案】A 考点：考查代词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题着重考查指示代词：用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。它们主要有：this这个；that那个；these这些；those那些；it 它。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。that指代上文的可数或不可数名词，后面有后置定语；those指代上文的可数名词复数，后面有后置定语；one是泛指上文的可数名词单数；it指同类同物。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother.‎ ‎68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。‎ ‎4.【2016·上海】(B)‎ Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? ‎ ‎37. you  考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。‎ ‎5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ By that time,the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.‎ ‎48.its 句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分） ‎ Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.‎ ‎9. our→ his 10. stead→steadily ‎9. our→ his 考查代词。根据句意可知此处是指叔叔的生意，用his指代。‎ ‎10. stead→steadily 考查副词。根据句意可知此处grow是实意动词，意思是 “增长”，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.‎ ‎6.your改为our 考查代词。应该使用our与本句的主语we保持一致。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。‎ ‎7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数。本句中名词knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. ‎ ‎54. yourself—myself考查反身代词。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为mmyself。‎ ‎4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.‎ ‎6.her---his 句意：在爸爸手里。故把her---his。‎ ‎5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,we’d greet her at the door.‎ ‎68.【答案】at后面加the 考点：考查冠词 ‎69.【答案】her改成him ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的宾语。故her改成him。‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎2015年高考试题 一、单项填空 ‎1. [2015·福建卷] The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but________ contained any useful suggestions. ‎ A. all　　　 B. none　　　C. either　　　 D. neither ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】句意：基于这项调查，研究小组制作了两份报告，但是这两份报告都没有包含任何有用的建议。all(三者或三者以上)全都；none(三者或三者以上)都不；either两者中的任何一个；neither两者都不。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词辨析。‎ ‎2．[2015·四川卷] Niki is always full of ideas，but ________ is useful to my knowledge.‎ A．nothing B．no one ‎ C．neither D．none ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词。‎ ‎3. [2015·陕西卷] To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against________．‎ A. another B. the other C. other D. either ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【解析】所填词表示“两者中的另一个”，即两脚中的另一只脚，用the other，故选B。句意：为了给自己取暖，这位海员坐在火堆前面，光着的双脚相互摩擦着。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查不定代词 ‎ ‎4. [2015·天津卷] The quality of education in this small school is better than ________ in some larger schools. ‎ ‎ A. that B. one C. it D. this ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】句意：这个小型学校的教学质量比一些大一点的学校的教学质量要好。that代替上文提到的“The quality of education”。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查比较级中的代词。‎ ‎5．[2015·浙江卷] How would you like ________ if you were watching your favourite TV programme and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?‎ A．them B．one C．those D．it ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词辨析。‎ ‎6. [2015·重庆卷] The meeting will be held in September, but________ knows the date for sure. ‎ A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【解析】句中的but提示尽管会议定在九月份，但具体日期没人确切知晓。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.[2015·全国卷I]‎ A few hours 62.________， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.‎ ‎[解析]‎ ‎62．before/earlier 　考查副词的用法。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。‎ ‎63．its 　考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1.【2015·四川】If you are me ,would you talk to him?‎ ‎[解析]him—them 考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them而非him。句意为：你会和他们说吗？‎ ‎2.【2015·浙江】Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. ‎ ‎【解析】them-it考查代词 此处的it指代的是学校。‎ ‎3.【2015·新课标全国II】Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. ‎ ‎【解析】 saw后加his 由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。‎ ‎2014年高考试题 一、单项填空 ‎1.【2014·全国大纲卷】25.—Who’s that at the door?‎ ‎ —________is the milkman.‎ A. He B. It C. This D. That ‎【答案】B ‎【知识拓展】it 的用法 it 词小本事大， 人称代词包括它； 不明身份和性别，模糊指代就用它；距离日期和时间，天气环境全靠它；形宾形主惯用法，强调句型它当家。‎ ‎1)指代姓别不明的人 Look at the baby.Isn’t it lovely?‎ ‎2)指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。‎ It’s twenty miles to the zoo.‎ ‎3)作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词、名词性从句。‎ ‎ It’s of great help to learn English well.‎ I find it quite necessary to make some changes.‎ ‎4) 特殊的形式宾语it。enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后接 if 从句或 when 从句，通常应先在动词后接 it 作形式宾语。如：‎ I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.‎ ‎5)用于强调句中：It is／was…that／who。‎ It’s from the sun that we get light and heat.‎ 考点：考查代词的用法。‎ ‎2.【2014·全国大纲卷】28.I think Mrs. Stark could be _______ between 50 and 60 years of age.‎ A. anywhere B. anybody C. anyhow D. anything ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查不定代词的用法。句意：我认为Stark夫人的年龄大约在50到60岁之间。此处anywhere意为：任何地方。Anybody任何人； anyhow 不管怎样；anything任何事。短语anywhere between…and….意为：大约。‎ 考点：考查不定代词的用法。‎ ‎3.【2014·重庆卷】1. A smile costs _______, but gives much.‎ ‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎【答案】C 考点：考查代词的用法。‎ ‎4.【2014·山东卷】4. Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. ‎ ‎ A. that B. this C. it D. her ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意为：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。‎ 考点：考查代词辨析。‎ ‎5.【2014·江西卷】32. —When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?‎ ‎—___. I’ll be in all day.‎ A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：由答语I’ll be in all day。可知两个时间，二者取一。any （三者以上）任何；none ‎ （三者以上）没有一个；neither （两者之间）没有；either（两者之间）取一。 因此D选项正确。句意为“ ——早上或是下午，我该哪个时间给你电话？——随便哪个时间，我整天在家。”‎ 考点：考查代词的用法 ‎6.【2014·四川卷】1. She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked  ______ and moved to Cambridge.‎ A. both                         B. neither               C. none                 D. either ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: A；两者都；B两者都不；C三者或以上都不；D两个中的任意一个。根据句中出现的两个地点London和Manchester可知此处指两者，排除C选项；而根据but后的内容可知她两个城市都不喜欢，故答案选B。句意：她在伦敦和曼彻斯特住过，但是这两个城市她都不喜欢，所以就搬到了剑桥。‎ 考点：考查不定代词词义辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎7.【2014·福建卷】21. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in , knives and forks.‎ A. another B. others C. both D. all ‎【答案】B 考点：考查固定用法。‎ ‎8.【2014·江苏卷】34. Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.‎ A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查代词用法。A. something某事物；B. anything任何事物；C. everything一切；D. nothing没有什么。句意：优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。故C正确。‎ 考点：考查代词用法 ‎9.【2014·陕西卷】21. I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.‎ A. it B. you C. one D. this ‎【答案】A ‎【知识拓展】使用appreciate的四点习惯 ‎ 1） 习惯上不接不定式作宾语，其后可接名 (代)词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语，但不能接不定式。如：‎ We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。I appreciate that you have come here so early. 感谢你来得这么早。‎ ‎ 2）习惯上不用“人”作宾语，其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语 (注意：这与thank 的用法恰恰相反)。正：I appreciate your kindness. 谢谢你的好意。误：I appreciate you for your kindness. 正：He thanked her for her kindness. 他感谢她的好意。误：He thanked her kindness. ‎ ‎ 3） 后接if或when从句时习惯上要先接it。其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it。如：I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。‎ ‎ 4）关于修饰语的搭配习惯，要表示程度，可用 deeply, highly, (very) much 等副词修饰。如：I deeply appreciate your kindness. 我深深感谢你的好意。He highly appreciated their help. 他非常感谢他们的帮助。‎ 注意：much 修饰 appreciate时，只能置于其前，而不能置于其后但 very much 却可以)。如：我们非常感谢你的邀请。正：We much appreciate your invitation. 正：We appreciate your invitation very much. 误：We appreciate your invitation much. ‎ 考点：考查代词辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎10.【2014·安徽卷】24．You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.‎ A. One B. No one C. Everyone D. Someone ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：你可以向这里的任何人求助，这里的每个人都愿意帮助你。四个选项的含义分别是: A. One一个人，B. No one没有人，C. Everyone每个人D. Someone某个人。根据句意所以选C。‎ 考点：考查不定代词 ‎11.【2014·浙江卷】3. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California  became a state in 1850.‎ ‎   A. each                  B. it                 C. this                 D. one ‎【答案】B ‎【试题分析】这里用it代替时间last year，其他的选项代词不能代替时间。句意：去年平均降雨量18.75cm，是加利福尼亚在1850年成为一个州以来，去年是最干的一年。故选B。‎ ‎【知识拓展】it可指自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。each用作代词时,在句中可作主语、宾语和同位语。each强调的是“个体”；this 用作代词可用以指叙述中的人或事物,即指前面提到过的人或事物或下文提及的事物; this一般作主语时才指人; 在电话用语中, this用来指代自己。One代替前面出现的可数名词的单数，是同类事物。‎ 考点：考查代词辨析。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.【2014新课标全国II】‎ ‎ A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is 69 （I）”.‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1【2014辽宁】We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我们感谢你们的道歉和祝愿，物主代词错误，our改成your ‎2.[2014·陕西卷]Neither of the arrows hit the target. ‎ ‎【解析】Neither→None. 考查代词。此处的箭不是两支，故Neither→None.‎ ‎3.[2014·四川卷] If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.‎ ‎【解析】us---you。考查人称代词的用法。your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.根据前面your teacher判断此处指带领“你们”，把us改为you。‎ ‎2013年高考试题 ‎【2013山东卷】21. I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like ____ of them very much. ‎ A. either B. any C. each D. another ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据句意：我在纽约和芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不是很喜欢。短语not…either=neither（两者都不），故答案选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词用法 ‎【2013江西卷】23. _______ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.‎ ‎ A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Somebody ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意为：如果不喜欢一个行业的话，要干好40年，谁也没那本事。由后文的含否定意义的if从句逻辑性地推出主句该用含全否定意义的不定代词。‎ ‎【考点定位】句意理解与代词灵活运用的考查。题干实际上是用双重否定来表达一个语气十分肯定的意思。又如：None of us will leave school without learning anything（我们毕业时定会学有所成。）此题属于“主语否定+状语否定”的双重否定句式。一般主语否定指主语常由no－word（比如no＋名词、nobody、none、nothing、none等，这些词被称之为绝对否定词）来担当，或主语由not来否定。‎ ‎【2013四川卷】2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _______ on the small ones.‎ ‎ A. one B. this C. that D. it ‎【答案】 C ‎【考点定位】指示代词的用法。‎ ‎【2013江西卷】26. There are a small number of people involved, possibly ______twenty.‎ ‎ A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】句意为：涉及少量人员，可能就20个。as…as 后接数字，译为“ 达…”。由题干中的a small number of可知，说话者语意着重“少”的概念；而little 修饰不可数名词，few修饰可数名词。所以A项正确。‎ ‎【考点定位】 不定代词的考查。表肯定意义有many, much, a few, a little；表否定意义有few, little 。修饰可数名词的有many, few, a few；修饰不可数名词的有little, much, a little。例如：It is too expensive. Moreover, she has little money left. 另外注意：quite a few 相当多；not a little 许多。‎ ‎【2013辽宁卷】29.To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her students and of her colleagues.‎ A.that B.one C.ones D.those ‎【答案】A.‎ ‎【解析】句意：令她高兴的是，德拉首先赢得了她的学生的信任，还有同事的信任。此处填that，代替前文的the trust，one应代替a +单数可数名词；ones代替前文的可数名词复数；those代替前文的the +可数名词复数。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词。‎ ‎【2013陕西卷】22.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost______ of her enthusiasm for life. ‎ A. some B. neither C .none D. all ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查不定代词 ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系不能选择A，neither表示否定两者，题干没有两者提示，因此不选；表示三者以上的否定意义用none。句意：罗斯玛丽这么多年遭受了严重疾病所带来的痛苦，但是她一点也没有丧失对生活的热情。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【2013重庆卷】31. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______. ‎ A. another B. the other C. one another D. one ‎【答案】A。【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】【考点定位】本题考查代词。‎ 句意：再循环是保护环境的一种方式，重复利用是另外一种。‎ ‎【2013安徽卷】27. This project requires close teamwork. Will be achieved unless we work well together.‎ A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】Nothing没有东西，用于肯定句表示否定含义；something一些东西，一般用于肯定句及表示请求、建议等含义的疑问句中；anything也是表示一些东西，任何东西，一般用于否定及疑问句中。everything每件东西，表示全部内容；修饰这些不定代词的形容词一般放在这些词的后面。句意：这个项目要求紧密的团队协作，如果大家不能很好地合作，什么成果都不会取得. 故选A.‎ ‎【考点定位】不定代词辨析 ‎【2013全国新课标II】14. It's an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go ‎ on holiday but we can’t do .‎ A.others B. either C.another D. Both ‎【答案】 D ‎【考点定位】both和either的用法。‎ ‎【13浙江卷】Half of _____surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.‎ A. these B. some C. ones D. those ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：16个国家中被调查的那些人中有一半说他们首先会去向最亲密的朋友说自己最深处的情感。根据题干中的they和their可知应选D。代词的选用要与原题干中的代词一致，所以很好判断。‎ ‎【考点定位】： 考查代词。‎ ‎【2013天津卷】12. At our factory there are a few machines similar to _______ described in this magazine.‎ ‎ A. them B. these C. those D. ones ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：“我们厂里有些机器和这本杂志上所描述的机器很像。”A他们，指代前文所提的人或物；B这些，指代近处的物；C那些，指代远处的物，也可以指“同类异物”，相当于the ones；D代指人或物，意思依上下文而定，表示“同类异物”； ones没有指定范围，而those是有指定范围的，即有限定词，在这里为described in this magazine。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词用法。这里要注意区分one(代替可数名词单数)，the one，that(代替不可数名词)，those(代替可数名词复数，必须有限定词)，ones(代替可数名词复数)。‎ ‎【2013上海卷】26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other ‎ people.‎ ‎ A. theirs B. them C. themselves D. oneself ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】theirs意为“他们的”，them意为“他们”，they的宾格形式，themselves意为“他们自己”，oneself意为“自己，某人自己”，该句中谓语动词是remind，用法为remind sb of sth，提醒某人某事；或者remind sb to do sth ‎ 提醒某人干某事。该句句意为，那些烟瘾重的人们应当提醒他们自己吸烟对健康的影响、产生的气味和别人的感受。根据句意可知是”提醒他们自己”，以及主语those可知，选择C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】考察代词的用法。‎ ‎【两年模拟】2015、2016名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2016年模拟题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1. 【江苏省苏州中学2016届高三10月月考】How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? ‎ ‎ A. them B. one C. those D. it ‎【答案】D 考点：考查代词 ‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ it用作形式宾语 ‎1. 基本用法 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如：‎ I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。‎ We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。‎ ‎2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构 ‎(1) 动词+ it + that-从句。如：‎ I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。‎ You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。‎ ‎【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。‎ ‎(2) 动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如：‎ I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。‎ We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。‎ ‎【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。‎ ‎(3) 动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如：‎ See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。‎ You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。‎ ‎【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。‎ ‎2.【浙江省绍兴市第一中学2016届高三下学期开学回头考】—The weather turns out to be fine.‎ ‎ — We can depend on ___ that the goods will be shipped to the flooded area on time. ‎ ‎ A. it B. / C. this D. which ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎ ‎3.【浙江建人高复学校2016届高三上学期第一次月考】11. She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ______ and moved to Cambridge.‎ A. both B. neither C. none D. either ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：考查不定代词。A；两者都；B两者都不；C三者或以上都不；D两个中的任意一个。句意：她在伦敦和曼彻斯特住过，但是这两个城市她都不喜欢，所以就搬到了剑桥。根据句中出现的两个地点London和Manchester可知此处指两者，排除C选项；而根据but后的内容可知她两个城市都不喜欢，故答案选B。 考点：考查不定代词 ‎4.【江苏省扬州中学2016届高三上学期10月月考】31.---How do you like the food and service in our canteen?‎ ‎ ---Much better than ______ used to be.‎ A. those B. one C. they D. that ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【学法指导】‎ 关于指代 ‎1.a +单数可数名词，用one替代（同类但不同物）。He has a computer and I have one.‎ ‎2.the+单数可数名词/不可数名词，用that替代。The rope here is longer than that in her room.‎ ‎3.the +复数名词，用those替代。The streets in the city are cleaner than those in that one.‎ ‎4.“同类同物”用it替代。There is a book on the desk. It is mine.‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎5.【北京市朝阳区2015--2016学年度第一学期期末高三年级统一】22. —The exam was easy, wasn’t it?‎ ‎—Yes, but I don’t think ______ could pass it.‎ A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查不定代词。句意：—这次考试很简单，不是吗？—是的，但是我认为并不是每个人都能通过。A.某人；B.任何人；C.每个人；D.没有人。故选C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 当否定词not与表示整体或全部意义的词如every, everyone, everything, everybody, both, all等连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并不都，不全是”。例如：‎ Not all predictions come true. 并不是所有的预言都会变成现实。‎ ‎【举一反三】‎ ‎- The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read.‎ ‎- But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by ‎ A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody ‎【答案】B 考点：考查不定代词。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2016届高三元月调研】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ For more than six million American children, coming home after school means 61 (come) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hang out outside. 62 all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They 63 (call) latchkey children---they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern. ‎ A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys 64 (attach). He was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, 65 he slowly learned were house keys. ‎ He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents were having 66 their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own 67 (safe). ‎ The most common way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed 68 in a closet. The second is TV. They’ll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents don’t realize 69 (it) effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact 70 they leave their children alone. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.coming ‎62.But ‎63.are called ‎64.attached ‎65.which ‎66.on ‎67.safety ‎68.or ‎69.its ‎70.that ‎ ‎2.【2016届河北省保定市高三期末调研】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ Polar bears live in such environment that is too cold for most animals. For much of the year, they live and hunt on the 61 (freeze) Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared them for the cold conditions but nothing has prepared them for the danger 62 threatens(威胁) their only home.‎ ‎ The polar bears’ world is melting. Polar bears 63 (suffer) in a warmer world are in danger. Studies show that the polar ice 64 (reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978.At present , about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their 65 (survive). “The sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk 66 ,” says Andrew Derocher, who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without 67 , they can’t exist.”‎ ‎ Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. But in a 68 (warm) world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time to hunt. 69 (normal), they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight and the extra fat is used later, 70 the bears are not actively hunting. Therefore, it is urgent to protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.frozen ‎ ‎62.that/which ‎63.suffering ‎64.has reduced ‎65.survival ‎66.on ‎67.it ‎68.warmer ‎69.Normally ‎70.when ‎64.has reduced 考查谓语动词的时态。since 1978提示是现在完成时，the polar ice相当于it和reduce自己是主谓关系，所以是has reduced。‎ ‎65.survival 考查名词。用名词作介词宾语for their，所以用名词形式survival。‎ ‎66.on 考查介词。the platform 和不及物动词walk之间加on才能构成介词和宾语的关系。‎ ‎67.it 考查代词。it指the polar ice，意思是：没有极地冰，北极熊就不能存在。‎ ‎68.warmer 考查形容词比较级。极地冰由于变暖而融化，冷了在结冰，但是比较暖和的世界里，这样的循环就会加速。‎ ‎69.Normally考查副词。这里用副词修饰全句，句意：正常情况下，他们在春天有3个月，变胖增加脂肪以备后用。‎ ‎70.when 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意：脂肪在北极熊不能积极主动去打猎的时候用。‎ 考点：语法填空。‎ ‎3.【四川省资阳市2016届高三上学期第二次诊断】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ One sentence from the news in Washington has remained in my mind since a trip last summer: “When you see people run against the crowd escaping 61 the danger, they are 62 (probable) firefighters, police or journalists.” ‎ I think this is most true for the firefighters. Whenever and wherever 63 (disaster) happen — 9/11 Attacks in New York 14 years ago or the explosion in Tianjin on Wednesday night — it is always the firefighters 64 take the lead to run to the very center, saving lives by 65 (risk) their own. I cried today near the explosion site, not because of the smoke from the ongoing fire 66 ‎ because of a short message a firefighter sent to a trusted friend that went viral online. It reads, “If I cannot make it, my father is 67 (you) father; and please remember 68 (sweep) my mother’s tomb.” I was thrilled later to learn that he did make it.‎ ‎“Everyone knows it’s 69 (danger) to be a firefighter. But he has always liked it and has done it for 12 years,” his father said. “He survived this time, but no one knows what 70 (happen) next time.”‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.from ‎ ‎62.probably ‎ ‎63.disasters ‎64.that / who ‎ ‎65.risking ‎66.but ‎ ‎67.your ‎68.to sweep ‎ ‎69.dangerous ‎70.will happen ‎66.but 考查连词。 not…but 不是……而是……。故填but。‎ ‎67.your 考查代词。如果我回不来，我的父亲就是你的父亲。故填your 考点：语篇理解以及语法知识。‎ ‎4.【河南省郑州市2016年高三上学期第一次质量预测】Sweet wormwood （青蒿）is a common plant in China, 61 it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria （疟疾）. Tu Youyou 62 （be）the woman who uses the plant’s special power to save millions of lives. The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.‎ On October 5, Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan. Tu is the first native Chinese person __63 （receive）a Nobel Prize in natural sciences.‎ Tu was modest about receiving the award: “It’s a success for the whole research team.” She also thinks 64 is scientists’ duty to fight for the health of all humans.‎ When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine 65 could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s, things were hard. The team didn’t have advanced equipment back then. Tu used to test 66 （medicine） by eating them herself. Her team searched old Chinese medicine books 67 hand and tested over 2,000 traditional recipes.‎ Once Tu 68 （return）home after traveling for six months. Her little daughter didn’t recognize her and hid from the “strange woman”. To do research, Tu also had to move around a lot.‎ ‎ Finally, Tu found artemisinin （青蒿素）in sweet wormwood in 1971. She spent the next decades 69 （try） to improve the medicine. According to World Health Organization, about 200 million people suffer 70 malaria around the world, and about haft a million die each year. Artemisinin is stir the most effective treatment against malaria known today.‎ Tu never complains about how hard she works. “I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients,” she said.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.but ‎ ‎62.is ‎ ‎63.to receive ‎ ‎64.it ‎ ‎65.that / which ‎ ‎66.medicines ‎ ‎67.by / on / at / in ‎ ‎68.returned ‎ ‎69.trying ‎ ‎70. from 考点：考查词汇和语法的运用。‎ ‎5.【山东省德州市2016届高三上学期期末统考】It is becoming increasingly hard to avoid watching reality television in China，such as the Voice of China，China’s Got Talent，or Super Boy．In America，Big Brother 61 (broadcast)five days a week．Survivor Finale appears on the front page of the New York Post after gaining ratings(收视率)that are much 62 (high)than NBA．Americans seem addicted to reality television programs 63 ordinary people compete in weeks—long contests while being filmed 24 hours a day．But why? ‎ ‎ One of the most commonly repeated “64 (true)”about reality TV viewers is that they watch in order to talk with friends about the show，but the explanation is quite 65 (correct)．‎ ‎ In fact fans of the shows have 66 much stronger desire for status．They are much more likely to agree with statements such as “Reputation is important to me”．It represents a means to get attention．And more attention increases one’s sense of 67 (important)．We think we are important if others pay attention to us and unimportant if 68 (ignore)．‎ Ordinary people can watch the shows，see people 1ike 69 (them)and imagine that they also could become famous by being on television． 70 is the reality TV show that gives them a sense of being a star in crowd．‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.is broadcast(ed）‎ ‎62.higher ‎63.where ‎64.truths ‎65.incorrect ‎66.a ‎67.importance ‎68.ignored ‎69.themselves ‎70.It ‎65.incorrect考查形容词。根据句意可知此处的解释是相当不正确的，故填incorrect。‎ ‎66.a考查冠词。Have a much stringer desire表示“有一个更强的欲望”，故填a。‎ ‎67.importance考查名词。此处缺少名词，sense of importance表示“重要感”，故填importance。‎ ‎68.ignored考查动词。此处前面省略了we are，表示“被动含义”，所以应该用ignore的过去分词ignored，故填ignored。‎ ‎69.themselves考查反身代词。动词反身代词代指他们自己。故填themselves。‎ ‎70.It考查代词。此处It做形式主语引导主语从句，故填It。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2016届高三元月调研】‎ Dear Ms. Helen,‎ I am pleasing to offer you the position of after-sales manager in our company starting on 16 June, 2016. You were given the right to discuss this offer and to seek advices on the attached proposed agreement with your family, a lawyer, or someone else you trust. Unless you want some information on your employment rights, you can also contact the Employment Service Office or visiting our website. ‎ Also, if you disagree this offer or wish to clarify something in it, please ring myself to discuss any issue you wish to raise. ‎ If you are happy with the proposed terms and wish to accept an offer of employment, please sign this letter and return it to me by 1 June, 2016. In case of I have not heard from you by that date, this offer will be automatical withdrawn. Li Hua ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71.pleasing---pleased ‎72.were---are ‎73.advices---advice ‎74.Unless---If ‎75.visiting--- visit ‎76.disagree后添加with ‎ ‎77.myself---me ‎78.an---the ‎79.去掉please ‎80.automatical---automatically ‎80.automatical---automatically考查副词。Automatically用来形容withdrawn.，故改为automatically。‎ 考点：考查词汇和语法的运用。‎ ‎2.【四川省资阳市2016届高三上学期第二次诊断】请改正下面短文中的错误。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词；‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉； ‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ One Monday afternoon, we were playing the basketball on the playground while I suddenly slipped and fell over. On seeing that, all my classmates rushed to me. Under the help of several other students, Li Xiang, one of my best friend put me on his back and head for the clinic immediately. It turned out that my right ankle got hurt but I had to be sent to hospital.He did not leave until ambulance arrived. The following day, he came to see me. To my greatly relief, he brought textbooks with them and helped me with my lessons. It was a great pleasure to have such a devoting friend.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71.playing后去掉the ‎72.while → when ‎73.Under →With ‎74.friend→friends ‎75.head→headed ‎76.but→and/so ‎77.until后面加the/an ‎78.greatly →great ‎ ‎79.them→him ‎80.devoting→devoted ‎71.playing后去掉the 考查冠词。play basketball 没有冠词，意思是：打篮球。‎ 考点：语篇理解以及语法知识。‎ ‎3.【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】下面短文中有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ This morning I went to the supermarket, buying a toy and went to see my nephew , a 8-year-old boy named Jack. She was playing with some of his friend in the yard when I arrived there. The moment he found that I came to see him with his most favorite toy, Jack jumped with joy. Every boy and girl present wanted very much to have a look the toy. However, Jack doesn’t want his friends to see it. He was about to hide the toy then I stopped him. “Let your friends to play with your toy as well, Jack — you must learn to share.” I said. Realized that he was wrong, Jack played with the toy together with his friends.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71.buying改为 bought ‎72.a改为an ‎73.She改为He ‎74.friend改为 friends ‎75.去掉most ‎76.look后加 at ‎77.doesn’t改为 didn’t ‎78.then改为 when ‎79.去掉to ‎80.realized改为 realizing ‎74.friend改为 friends 考查复数名词。some of 后用复数，所以friend改为 friends。‎ ‎75.去掉most 考查形容词的用法。favorite 最喜欢的，本身就含有最的意思，所以去掉most。‎ ‎76.look后加 at 考查固定搭配。have a look at 看一眼……。‎ ‎77.doesn’t改为 didn’t 考查时态的一致性。本文讲述过去的事情，所以用助动词didn’t。‎ ‎78.then改为 when 考查固定搭配。be about to do sth. when…意思是：正要做某事这时……。‎ ‎79.去掉to 考查固定搭配。let somebody do sth.让某人做某事，后面用动词原形做宾语补足语。‎ ‎80.realized改为 realizing 考查非谓语动词。Jack是realize的逻辑主语，所以用realizing。‎ 考点：语篇理解以及语法知识。‎ ‎4.【安徽省“皖南八校”2016届高三第二次联考】Good morning, everyone!‎ I'd like to share a quote with you, which go like this: “Time is said to be money, but it is more-it is life.” It is true that time is great value. After all, anything is more precious than time. In our daily life, we've often been told that lose time will never return. To be honest, I am used to spend plenty of time playing computer games, what made me fall far behind my classmates. Have realized how much time l wasted, I've made up my minds to work hard to catch up with them. Wasting time is just like wasting part of our lives. Such valuable is time that if you want your dreams to come true, you should make the more of it.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎56.go---goes ‎ ‎57.加of ‎ ‎58.anything--nothing ‎59.lose--lost ‎60.去掉am ‎ ‎61.what--which ‎62.Have--Having, ‎ ‎63.minds--mind,‎ ‎64.Such--So,‎ ‎65.more---most/best ‎61.what--which 考查关系代词。用Which引导定语从句指代一件事“玩电脑”，因此what--which。‎ ‎62.Have--Having考查非谓语动词。根据句意：我认识到自己浪费了很多时间，表示主动，用动名词形式doing，因此Have--Having。‎ ‎63.minds--mind考查名词。“下定决心”， 固定短语 make up one’s mind，因此minds--mind。‎ ‎64.Such--So考查副词。“如此有价值”，用so+形容词引导倒装句，因此Such--So。‎ ‎65.more---most/best考查固定短语。“充分利用”， 固定短语 make the best或most of，因此more---most/best。‎ ‎5.【河南省郑州市2016年高三上学期第一次质量预测】 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ ‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I can still remember I was once asked to make speech before the whole class at the age of 9. You can imagine how shy I was when I thought of that with so many eyes fixed to me. I had no more choice but to prepare for it, though. The hardest part was my oral presentation from my memory, for reading from the paper wasn’t allowing. The real moment began before I stood on the platform with my legs trembling or my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patient. Gradually, I found me back, giving my speech at last. After what seemed to be a long time, I heard all the listeners applauding loudly. Ever since then, my fear of speak before a big audience had disappeared. Actually, now I’ve become a great speaker!‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71.make后添加a ‎72.to---on ‎73.去掉more ‎74.allowing---allowed ‎75.before---when ‎76.or---and ‎77.patiedt---patiently ‎78.me---myself ‎79.speak---speaking ‎80.had---has 考点：考查词汇和句型的运用。‎ ‎2015年模拟题 ‎1.【陕西省西工大附中2015届高三下学期三模】22. —What do you do as a volunteer in North Africa?‎ ‎—__________! There are many poor people who need a lot of help.‎ A. None B. Something C. Little D. Everything ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查不定代词。句意：你做为一个志愿者在北美都做些什么？任何事，很多穷人需要帮助。 A. None没有；B. Something某事；C. Little很少；D. Everything任何事。根据句意可知选D。‎ 考点：考查不定代词 ‎2.【重庆市2015届高考压轴卷】 I like this fancy car which can speed up very fast , but I don't have enough money to buy __________ .‎ A. it B. one C. this D. that ‎【答案】A 考点：考查代词。‎ ‎3.【浙江省东阳市2015届高三5月模拟】—How about going diving this weekend, honey?‎ ‎—Oh, no! Tom, let’s face _______—you’re too old for that. ‎ A. that B. it C. one D. this ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查代词。上句：这周末去潜泳你觉得怎样？下句：不！汤姆，让我们面对你太老的这个现实吧。It指“去潜泳你太老了”，故选B。‎ 考点：考查代词。‎ ‎4.【江苏省淮安市2015届高三第五次模拟】My best friend who saved the two drowning boys from the freezing river is a kind and brave person, _______ that is worth respecting for ever. ‎ A. that B. one C. it D. what ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：A.那个；B.可以用作不定代词指代“一个人或事物”C. it代表上文出现过的一件事情；D.用在连接代词，用在引导主语从句，宾语和表语从句；one代替上文中出现过的名词a kind and brave person.句意：我最好的朋友从冰水中拯救了两名溺水的男孩，他十分善良勇敢，值得尊敬。故选B。‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎5.【福建省龙岩市2015年高中毕业班5月教学质量检查】Welcome to my lecture. Hopefully, there are enough seats for each visitor to have .‎ A. it B. ones C. one D. that ‎【答案】C ‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎6.【福建省宁德市2015届高中毕业班第二次质量检查】 This is the last iPhone 6 left in our store. I wonder if you want to buy _____.‎ A. it B. one C. some D. any ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：考查代词。句意：这是我们店里最后一台苹果6了，我想知道你想要它吗。根据This is the last iPhone 6 left in our store. I wonder if you want to buy 可知此处表示前面提到这个手机，故选A项。‎ 考点 : 考查代词 ‎ ‎ 7.【安徽省“淮南一中 蒙城一中 颍上一中 怀远一中”四校2015届高三5月联考】 A report says 74 percent of women hope that the men’s income will be at least twice ______ of the women’s.‎ A. one B.that C.those D. it ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查代词。句意：一个报道说百分之74的女人希望他们的收入是自己的二倍。 that是指代the mens income，所以选B。‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎8.【天津市2015届高考压轴】I enjoy exploring new places, especially places _____ people visit.‎ ‎　A. some 　　　B. little 　　　C. few 　　　D. any ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：C考察代词。我喜欢探索新的地方，特别是很少有人去的地方。A. some一些；B. little很少的； 　　　C. few很少的；D. any任何。little修饰不可数名词，few修饰可数名词。故选C。‎ 考点：考察代词。‎ ‎9.【福建省华安县第一中学2015届高三高考围题卷英语试题】 What about today’s temperature?‎ ‎ -- Its the same as, if the weather report is exact as usual, ___ of yesterday.‎ ‎ A. one B. it C. that D. what ‎【答案】C 考点：考查代词 ‎10.【四川省新津中学2015届高三考前最后模拟】 After winning the singing competition, she thought herself ______ in her neighborhood.‎ A. none B. anyone C. everyone D. someone ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：A. none 没有人；B. anyone任何人；C. everyone 每个人；D. someone 某人，做名词时意为“重要人物，了不起的人物”。根据语境“在歌咏比赛中获胜后，她认为自己在邻居中是个了不起的人物”可知someone在本处作“了不起的人物，重要人物”讲，故选D。‎ 考点：考查不定代词 ‎11.【福建省永安市2015届高三下学期质检】All over the city, history and modernity come together to make _______ an essential place for tourists to discover. ‎ ‎ A. each B. this C. one D. it ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查代词。句意：整个城市的历史和现代性结合，形成了一个值得游客发现的旅游景点。It 此处指代前文的city，故选D项。‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎12.【天津市和平区2015届高三下学期第四次模拟】We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ______ from some wood.‎ A. it B. one C. himself D. another ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查代词。句意为：我们需要为厨房添个橱柜, 所以 Peter 用我们所拥有的木头做了一个。代词 one 替代上文的名词a cupboard，并非特指的指代，正合题意。it 应指代上文提到的同一事物，为特指，故不可。himself离题意太远；another指 “又；再”的意思，亦不可。故选B。‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎13.【2015届重庆市重庆一中高三上学期第二次月考】30. The hard part in our life is not making the decision but living with .‎ A. one B. that C．the one D. it ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎14.【2015届重庆南开中学高三10月月考】21．——Which type of IPhone shall I buy?‎ ‎ —— __________，whatever they have in the shop．‎ ‎ A．Everything B．Something C．Some one D．Any one ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】解析：这里指代“任何一个苹果手机”，用any one，相当于any one of the Iphones in the shop. anything是任何东西，没有范围，something某个东西，some one某一个,故选D。句意：--我买哪种苹果手机？--任何一个，凡是他们店里有的。‎ ‎15.【2015届山东省德州一中高三上学期10月月考】6. ---Is this book_____ you bought in the bookstore?‎ ‎---No, mine is yellow. It _____ Sally, I think.‎ A. that, is belonging B. what, is belonged to C. the one, belongs to D. which, belongs ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【答案解析】解析：题干中的this book是主语，空后的定语从句缺少先行词，应该特指，故第一空应选the one。第二空belong to属于，无被动语态，故选C。‎ ‎16.【2015届北京市重点中学高三上学期第一次月考】24. —How beautiful the dress looks on you ! Don’t you want ,Madam?‎ ‎ —Well ,please show me .‎ ‎ A．one; other B．it; other C．it; another D．one; the other ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查代词和不定代词。句意：你穿的衣服真漂亮。你想来一个吗，女士？好的，给我来一件。第一个空one 表示同一类中的另外一个；第二个空表示another指另外的任何一件dress,故选C项。‎ ‎17.【2015届浙江省温州市十校联合体（温州中学等）高三上学期期初联考】10. Women's Day is around the corner, and I'm considering buying a gift for Mum, ________ that is to her taste. ‎ A. for which　 B. which 　 C. the one　 D. one ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎18.【2015届浙江省绍兴一中高三上学期回头考试】23 Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _______ McDonald’s.‎ A. those B. ones C. any D. all ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查代词的用法。此处those代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonald’s修饰，符合语境。Ones表示可数名词复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。句意：研究一下Wendy 的菜单，我发现很多和麦当劳的相似。‎ ‎19.【2015届浙江省“温州八校”高三返校联考】8. The Greens’ shop has been broken into three times in the last two years, ______ resulting in their great loss.‎ A. each B. ever C. any D. either ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查代词和独立主格。句意：格林家的商店在最近两年被盗两次，每次都损失惨重。特殊形式的独立主格逻辑主语前无介词 with，且逻辑主语固定为 each I have many friends, each studying hard ，故选A项。‎ ‎20.【2015届浙江省“温州八校”高三返校联考】6. We all consider ______ significant that we should cancel the order immediately.‎ A. how B. which C. this D. it ‎【答案】D ‎【答案解析】考查动词的用法。句意：我们认为立刻取消这个命令是十分重要的。consider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语/ 从句 We consider it hard to study English well.我们认为学好英语很难，故选D项。‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎1. He is a good student, ______ worthy of being praised ‎ A. that B. it C. the one D. one ‎【答案】D 考点：考查代词的用法 ‎2. ---Jack, when shall we play football together, Wednesday or Thursday?‎ ‎ ---_______. I’ll be on business then.‎ A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查不定代词。句意：--杰克，我们什么时候去踢足球，周三还是周四呢？--(周三和周四)都不行。我那时正在出差。A. Either两者之一；B. Both两者都；C. Neither两者都不；D. None 三者以上的人或物中没有一个。问句给出的范围是两者，再根据句意可知这两天都不可以，是全部否定，故选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查不定代词 ‎3. The natural environment should be protected because of the important role _______ plays in human survival and development.‎ A. this B. one C. that D. it ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：自然环境应该得到保护，因为它在人类的生存和发展中起着重要的作用。it指代The natural ‎ environment。it用于替代上文出现的同一事物；one用于替代上文提到的可数名词单数，表示泛指；that用 于替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，特指。故选D项。‎ 考点：代词辨析 ‎4. The present financial situation has made _______ more urgent than ever for China to change its development model.‎ A. this B. one C. that D. it ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：对中国来说，目前的金融形势使得改变其发展模式比以往任何时候都迫切。it在本句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式结构“for China to change its development model”。故选D项。‎ 考点：代词辨析 ‎5. Scientists now say that five seconds is all that _______ takes for food to become contaminated with enough bacteria to make you sick.‎ A. it B. one C. that D. this ‎【答案】A 考点：代词辨析 ‎6.Life is indeed a strange gift, and ______ privileges are most mysterious.‎ A. one’s B. its C. those D. these ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：生命确确实实是一份特别的礼物，它所包含的种种特权是最为神奇莫测的。依照句意可知空格处指代life’s privileges，故用it的形容词性物主代词即可，故选B 项。‎ ‎【考点】考查代词 ‎7. “One blue represents the economy growing. ______blue is the blue sky. That means we have to balance development and environmental protection,” Wang Zhongbing said. ‎ ‎ A. The other B.Another C.Other D. The others ‎【答案】A 考点：考查代词 ‎8. There’s _______ that makes my blood boil more than when I see someone parking in a parking spot that is reserved for the disabled.‎ A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：没什么比我看到有人将车停放在专为残疾人预留的停车场地上更生气的事情了。故选D项nothing。“nothing that makes my blood boil more than…”意为“没有什么比……更让我生气的”。‎ 考点：不定代词辨析 ‎9. I’d appreciate ______if you would give me some advice on how to learn English well.‎ ‎ A. that B. it C. this D. how ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查固定句型。it是英语中用法较多较复杂的一个代词。它可用在表示喜恶类的动词之后作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放到后面，构成句型：动词+it+从句。此类动词有：enjoy、hate、like、dislike、appreciate、prefer等。本句就是用在appreciate之后，构成句型：appreciate it if…，表示如果…...，我会感激的。故选择B。句意为：如果你能对我的英语学习给出点建议的话，我会感激的。‎ 考点：考查固定句型 ‎10. Little John will spend half of his holiday practicing English and _______ half learning drawing.‎ A. another B. other C. other’s D. the other ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：小约翰将花假期一半的时间练习英语，另一半则用来学画画。the other用于两者中的另外一个。another“另一，又一”，常跟可数名词单数或数词+名词复数连用；other“另外的、别的”，常跟复数名词连用，相当于others；other’s为other的所有格。故选D项。‎ 考点：代词 ‎11. In class the teacher clarified the finance project in simple but vivid language to make _____ easier for us to understand.‎ ‎ A. one B. it C.them D. that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：在课堂上老师用简单但是生动的语言解释财政项目，为了能让学生更好的理解。使用make it+形容词+不定式，选B。‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎12. ——Is there anything else I can do for you, Jack?‎ ‎——No. Thanks. I really appreciate that you could give me some suggestions on the exam.‎ A. it B. one C. that D. this ‎【答案】A 考点：考查代词 ‎13. Wherever he is, he makes ______ a rule to give his mother a call every day.‎ A. him B. it C. that D. this ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查固定句型。句意：无论在哪，他都把每天给妈妈打一个电话作为一种惯例。make it a rule to do sth把做某事当作惯例，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故选B。‎ 考点：考查固定句型 ‎14．—How many practical plans has your deskmate made this week?‎ ‎— . All have turned out disappointing.‎ A. None B. Nothing C. Nobody D. No ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查不定代词。A没有一个；B 没有什么；C没有人；D没有，不。因为上句中提到了practical plans，所以下文应该用none特指上文提到过的人或物中一个也没有，而nothing泛指没有什么；nobody用来指人；no 用来回答一般疑问句，由此可知A选项正确。句意：—这周你同桌制定了多少切实可行的计划呢？—一个也没有。所有的计划结果都让人失望。‎ 考点：考查不定代词。‎ ‎15．— Why did you give up the job in America?‎ ‎ — Because I don’t want to stay far away from my girlfriend. You know, she means ______ to me.‎ A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something ‎【答案】A 考点：考查不定代词。‎ ‎16．Empty talk is harmful to the nation, while practical work can help _________ thrive．‎ ‎ A．that B．this C．it D．which ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：空谈误国，实干兴邦。这里it指the nation，所以选C。‎ 考点：考查代词的用法。‎ ‎17. —The tickets for the concert have been sold out. ‎ ‎ —Thanks for reminding me, but I am lucky to have got . ‎ ‎ A. another B. it C. that D. one ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查指示代词。another泛指三者以上的人或物中的另一个；it特指同一个；that特指可数名词单数或不可数名词，指可数名词时，相当于the one；one指代可数名词，表示泛指。这里泛指“一张音乐会的票”，故选D。‎ 考点：考查指示代词 ‎18．The hunter shot at the birds ______ the big tree, only to shoot ______．‎ A． on; nothing B． on; neither C． in; none D． in; no one ‎【答案】C 考点: 考查介词和代词的用法。‎ ‎19.I intended to compare the notes with a friend,but unfortunately_______ couldn’t spare me even one minute.‎ A.they B.one C.who D.it ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考查代词。but为并列连词，所以不能填who。it指代同一个物体，此时不指人。one指代任意一个不合题意。they是指整体概念，所有的人。句子中的a friend是泛指。‎ ‎20.I just choose a simpler lifestyle, ____ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.‎ A． that B． it C． one D． another ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：我只是选择了一种更简单的生活方式，一种可以骑自行车，不必为生活而奔忙的生活方式。one 是 a simpler lifestyle 的同位语。‎ ‎21.I felt so bad all day yesterday that this morning I couldn't face ______ day like that.‎ A．other B．another C．the other D．others ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查代词辨析。句中所要表达的意思是说话人不能再面对像昨天那样的另外一天，所以用 another，表示“再一，又一”。‎