云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重复合句

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重复合句

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重复合句 语法填空：侧重复合句 复合句 1） 复合句 从句作什么成分就是什么复合句。‎ I like music that I can dance to.‎ 复合句分为三大类：‎ ‎ 形容词性从句：定语从句 ‎ 副词性从句：状语从句 ‎ 名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 2） 关系词 就是连接词，一般没有汉语意思（除whose和as）‎ 3） 先行词 被从句所限定修饰的词或句子 A. 关系词作用 特别要理解作句子成分的作用。‎ B. 关系词的分类 可概括为“两类两特殊”‎ 两类是关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that, which, who, whom. 关系副词：when, where, why 两特殊：whose、as A. 关系词的选择 关系代词和关系副词没有汉语意思，因此要根据句子成分做选择 Whose和as有汉语意思，根据意思做选择。‎ 关系代词：‎ 关系词 先行词 成分 that 人，物 主语，宾语 which 物 主语，宾语 who 人 主语，宾语 whom 人 宾语 从句不完整（即从句缺主语或宾语）一定用关系代词，然后再看先行词。‎ 关系副词：‎ 关系词 先行词 成分 when 时间 状语 where 地点 状语 why 原因 状语 从句完整（即从句不缺主语或宾语）一定用关系副词，然后再看先行词。‎ 注意：区分及物动词和不及物动词。不及物动词后可以不接宾语。如：visit和arrive的区别 Whose和as根据句子的意思做选择：‎ Whose：“.....的”。I live in a house whose windows face south.‎ As:“像......一样”。As is known to all, English is an important subject.‎ A. 特殊情况 1） 关系代词that和which中，只能用that不能用which的情况。‎ l 先行词有最高级、序数词修饰或不定代词修饰时 The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.‎ l 先行词即有人又有物 The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.‎ 2） 关系代词that和which中，只能用which不能用that的情况。‎ l 关系代词前有介词时（注意区分in that）‎ A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.‎ l 非限定性定语从句 从句和主句被逗号隔开 More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. ‎ 3） Which和as的区别 ‎1．引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容时的区别：‎ ‎(1)表达“正如”之意时，用as，如果仅指代整个主句内容而没有“正如”之意，则用which。‎ He went abroad, which was unexpected.‎ 他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。‎ She is a good doctor, as her mother used to be.‎ 她是一个很出色的医生，和她母亲当年一样。‎ ‎(2)当从句位于主句前面时，只用as。‎ As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.‎ ‎2．限制性定语从句中有such, the same时，其后常用as引导定语从句(the same后也可用that，但意义不一样)。‎ He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.‎ 他是一个我们都爱戴和尊敬的好老师。‎ This is the same pen as I lost.‎ 这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样。‎ ‎3．as引导非限制性定语从句时，只能指代整个主句内容，而which既可以指代整个主句内容，又可以指代先行词。‎ The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.‎ 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)‎ ‎4．as常与从句中的know, see, hear, expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens, as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中。‎ He was absent from school, as is often the case.‎ 他缺课了，这是常事。‎ 1） ‎“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择 ‎“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择是一个常考点，也是一个难点。请看下面三个句子，填上合适的介词，并从中发现一些规律。‎ ‎1．He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ which he went on to Cambridge.‎ ‎2．This is the farm ______ which he worked two years ago.‎ ‎3．In the dark street there was not a single person ______ whom she could turn for help.‎ 第一句话：根据句意可知，他在一所当地的语法学校学习之后去了Cambridge，故介词用after。此句中介词的使用与句子的意义有关。‎ 第二句话：把从句补充完整为he worked two years ago on the farm (“在农场”为“on the farm”)，句中介词的选用取决于先行词的意义，即介词跟先行词的搭配。‎ 第三句话：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。“向某人求助”这个短语是“turn to sb. for help”，因此此处用介词to。此句中介词的选用取决于从句中的动词固定搭配。‎ 因此，考生在确定其中的介词时，可从以下三方面入手：‎ ‎1．句子的意思；2.先行词的意义；3.从句中的动词固定搭配。‎ 1） 定语从句中的主谓一致 定语从句中的谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数方面应该与先行词保持一致。‎ ‎1．one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数形式动词。如：‎ The Great Wall is one of the worldfamous buildings that draw lots of visitors.‎ 长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。‎ ‎2．the only one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数形式动词。如：‎ The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.‎ 长城是地球上唯一一个能从月球上看到的建筑物。‎ Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.‎ 在这些精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部由好莱坞制作的电影。‎ ‎3．当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.‎ 众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。‎ He has passed the College Entrance Examination, which makes his parents quite happy.‎ 他通过了高考，这让他父母很高兴。‎ ‎4．其他情况。如：‎ I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you.‎ 我作为你的老师，会尽全力帮助你的。‎ （1） 状语从句 状语从句主要考连接词的选择，可通过连接词的意思来选择 A. 时间状语从句 1） when，while，as l 注意：when和while的区别 When+从句，+主句（主句用进行时）‎ When the teacher came in, the students were sleeping.‎ While+从句，+主句（从句用进行时）‎ While the students were sleeping, the teacher came in.‎ l while还可以作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。‎ Liu Wang is from Shanxi while Liu Yang comes from Henan.‎ 1） as soon as，no sooner... Than.......和hardly/scarcely......when...，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，instantly No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.‎ 2） till, until和not.......until He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.‎ 3） before 和since It will be +一段时间+before ……..还要多久才……..‎ It will be half a year before I come back.‎ It is +一段时间+since....... 自从......以来 It is three years since the war broke out.‎ A. 地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词有主要有Where和wherever 注意和定语从句的区别 You’d better make a mark where you have any question.(状语从句)‎ You’ d better make a mark at the place where you have any question.(定语从句)‎ B. 原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词有：because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that She's studying because she has a test tomorrow.‎ 她正在学习，因为她明天有考试。‎ As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.‎ 由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。‎ Now that/Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.‎ 既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧。‎ 注意：when也可以表示原因，意为：since; considering that既然；考虑到。如：‎ It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.‎ 既然步行5分钟能轻松到达那里，你却打车，你可真够愚蠢的。‎ A. 条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的常见连词有if，unless，as/so long as，in case(万一)，once，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，supposing(that)等。‎ You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.‎ 除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。‎ As long as you don't lose heart，you will succeed.‎ 只要你不灰心，你就会成功。‎ In case there is a fire，what will we do first?‎ 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？‎ B. 目的状语从句 ‎ 引导目的状语从句的连词有so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。‎ I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.‎ 我会慢慢说，这样你就能理解我。‎ Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.‎ 带上雨衣以防下雨。‎ A. 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that..., such...that...‎ 注意：so...that和such....that的区别 一般that前面有名词用such，没有名词用so ‎ Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. ‎ ‎ ＝Mike is so honest that we all believe him.‎ 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。‎ B. 让步状语从句 1） although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句 Although the sun is shining, it isn't very warm.‎ 尽管艳阳高照，天气并不是很暖和。‎ 注意：在形式倒装句中只能用though和as Happy as they were, there was something missing.‎ 尽管他们快乐，但总缺少点什么。‎ 2） although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。‎ 3） while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。‎ While I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be solved.‎ 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。‎ 1） even if与even though引导的让步状语从句 I'll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.‎ 我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。‎ Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.‎ 即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。‎ 2） ‎“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句 Don't trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.‎ 无论他说什么，不要相信他。‎ 3） whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.‎ 不管你相信与否，那都是真的。‎ A. 方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等 Do as you are told to, or you'll be fired.‎ 告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。‎ The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.‎ 这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。‎ I feel as if I have a fever.‎ 我感觉像是发烧了。‎ （1） 名词性从句 A. 名词性从句的连接词 1） 常用连接词 有词义的连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which; 连接副词when, where, why, how; 从属连词that, whether, if, as if; 无词义的that在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略。 ‎ 2） 一些常见连接词的区别 l that与what的区别 that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，what表示“……的东西或事情”。请比较：‎ What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)‎ That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)‎ The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)‎ I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)‎ He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)‎ 注意：‎ 名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分，就用that，如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，且表示“……的东西或事情”就用what。‎ l who, whoever与no matter who的区别 引导名词性从句，在句中作主语时用who，意思是“谁”，含有疑问意味，whoever意为“无论谁”，不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who，其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。‎ 另外，whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，这时whoever相当于no matter who，但是no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。请比较：‎ ‎1．Who has taken away my bag is unknown.‎ 谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通)‎ ‎2．Whoever breaks the law will be punished.‎ 无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈)‎ ‎3．I'm not going to let you in, no matter who you are.‎ ‎＝I'm not going to let you in, whoever you are.‎ ‎(根据句意“我不会让你进去的，不管你是谁”，后面是一个让步状语从句，故用no matter who或者whoever)‎ ‎【特别提醒】‎ wh－ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时，whoever＝anyone who; whomever＝anyone whom; whatever＝anything that; whichever＝anything/anyone that; whosever＝any one whose。‎ Whichever he likes will be given to him.＝Anything that he likes will be given to him.‎ 无论他想要哪个都可以给他。‎ You should give the book back to whosever name(＝anyone whose name) is on the cover of it.‎ 你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。‎ A. 名词性从句的语序和时态 从句用陈述语序（陈述句和倒装句在倒装句的专题中单独讲解）‎ 名词性从句的时态在动词的时态和与语态专题中单独讲解。‎ B. 名词性从句中it作形式主语和形式宾语 ‎(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary, important, obvious等)＋that从句．‎ ‎(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句．‎ ‎(3)It＋be＋名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour等)＋that从句．‎ ‎(4)It＋不及物动词(appear, happen等)＋that从句．‎ A. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎ (1)It is (was)＋ essential (important, natural…) ＋that…‎ ‎(2)It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired…)that…‎ That后面的从句动词都是用should+do的形式，should可以省略。‎ 高考语法填空选练题 ‎【2018高考选练】语法填空 Most Americans don't like to get advice from members of their family. They get advice from “strangers”. When they need advice, they don't __1__ (usual) go to people they know. Instead many of __2__ write letters to newspapers and magazines __3__ give advice on many __4__ (difference) subjects including family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, __5__ even on how to buy a house or a car.‎ Most newspapers regularly print letters __6__ readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers written by people who __7__ (suppose) to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, and __8__ are lawyers or educators. But two of __9__ most famous writers of advice are women without special __10__ (train) for this kind of work.‎ 解析：‎ ‎1．usually　修饰动词go，用副词形式usually。‎ ‎2．them　代替most Americans，并作of的宾语，故填them。‎ ‎3．that/which　所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词newspapers and magazines，并在从句中作主语，故用that或which。‎ ‎4．different　修饰名词用形容词形式different。‎ ‎5．and　所填词连接on how to buy...和on many different subjects...两个并列结构，故用and。‎ ‎6．from　本句意为“大部分报纸定期刊登读者来信提出的问题”。from“来自，源自”。‎ ‎7．are supposed　be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”，是固定用法；又因who指代people，故填are supposed。‎ ‎8．others　由some of these writers...可知，此处填others，some...others...“一些……另一些……”。‎ ‎9．the　形容词最高级前面加定冠词the。‎ ‎10．training　所填词作without的宾语，并且由形容词special修饰，故填名词形式training。‎