专题08+定语从句（命题猜想）-2018年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题

专题08+定语从句（命题猜想）-2018年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题

‎ ‎ ‎【考向解读】 ‎ 定语从句是指在句中作定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。定语从句的考查历年都是高考的重点，关联词的选择是高考的主要考点，定语从句中对which的考查是重中之重。 ‎ ‎【命题热点突破一】 关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎ 例1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.‎ ‎【解析】句意：“像其他任何事情一样，两者可能摄入过多，这一点对健康没有好处。”分析句子结构，由逗号以及句意可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意为“这一点，这件事”，故应用关系代词which指代前面整个句子。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎【变式探究】(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【变式探究】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. ____________‎ ‎【解析】分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后面为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子中的garden，定语从句中缺少主语，故用which。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎【变式探究】【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.‎ A. whom B. which C. what D. that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。‎ ‎【变式探究】(2015·课标全国Ⅰ，64)I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. ‎ 答案：that/which 句意为：我曾与桂林擦身而过，那是游客尽览石灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之境，是被中国艺术家在很多绘画作品中描绘的地方。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，且引导词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。‎ ‎【变式探究】 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends. ‎ A．it B．that ‎ C．whose D．which ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【异混易错】as和which引导定语从句的区别 ‎ as引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中，as常译为“正如……,正像……”.从句的谓语动词多为see,know,Expect,say,mention,report等. ‎ The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。 ‎ which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。 ‎ Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，which made one of the Chinese people’s long－held dreams come true.莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。 ‎ ‎【变式探究】 ‎ The number of smokers， ________ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. ‎ A．it B．which ‎ C．what D．as ‎ 解析：考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意:正如所报道的,烟民的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了17%。as作为关系代词， 引导非限制性定语从句，位置非常灵活，可位于主句前、主 句后，也可位于主句中间。which引导非限制性定语从句时位于主句之后。 ‎ 答案：D ‎【异混易错】‎ ‎(1)whom，which，that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that。‎ ‎(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。‎ ‎(3)定语从句中的主谓一致：①关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。②“(the) one of＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，当先行词为“one of＋复数名词”时，从句的谓语动词用复数；当先行词为“the(only/very/right) one of＋复数名词”时，从句的谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎【命题热点突破二】 关系副词引导的定语从句 ‎ ‎1．首先判断是不是定语从句。如果是定语从句就要找准先行词；选用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则 要求用关系副词。 ‎ ‎2．准确判断先行词在从句中的成分(主、宾、定、表、状),才能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。如果先行词在从句中作 主语、宾语、定语，选择关系代词(which，that，who， whom，whose)；如果先行词在从句中作状语，选择关系副词(when，where，why)。熟练掌握每个关系词的用法是解题 的关键。 ‎ 例2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________I was the first Western TV reporter.‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。‎ ‎【答案】when ‎【变式探究】(2016·天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________the weather may be better.‎ ‎【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，先行词为next week，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when。‎ ‎【答案】when ‎【变式探究】In countries________many different languages are spoken，English is often used as an official language to help people communicate. ‎ A．where B．when ‎ C．why D．which ‎ 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在一些说多种语言的国家里，英语经常作为官方语言来帮助人们交流。关系副词where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries。 ‎ 答案：A ‎【命题热点突破三】 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ‎ ‎“介词＋关系代词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。介词的确定有以下三种方式： ‎ ‎1．依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 ‎ I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money ‎ that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有钱。(spend...on...) ‎ ‎2．依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。 ‎ Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered. ‎ 心灵的关爱是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中即使是细微的 生活细节都应该被考虑在内。(in...process) ‎ ‎3．依据所表达的意思来确定。 ‎ The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色气体就是氧气，离了它我们不能活。 ‎ 例3．(2017·天津卷改编)He wrote about 200 novels，of that this is the most successful. ____________‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句，of为介词，先行词为novels，介词后的关系代词用which，不用that。‎ ‎【答案】that→which ‎ 【变式探究】 (2016·浙江卷改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________has been proved.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【变式探究】(2016·江苏卷改编)Many young people，most of ________were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是young people，most表示他们中的大多数，因此应该使用most of whom。‎ ‎【答案】whom ‎【变式探究】He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s. ‎ A．whom B．which ‎ C．them D．that ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【变式探究】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，________uses it differently. ‎ A．all of which B．each of which ‎ C．all of them D．each of them ‎ 解析：考查定语从句及主谓一致。句意：英语是一种被好几种不同文化共享的语言，每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先根据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式可知，空格处需用单数名词或代词，可从B、D两项中选择(A项和C项中的all暗示空格后用use)； 再根据uses是谓语动词知空格处是主语，只有B项each of which能作主语，由此本句构成了定语从句。若选D项each of them，空格前后两部分需用转折连词but连接,即构成buteach of them uses，或用独立主格结构each of them using it differently。 ‎ 答案：B ‎【命题热点突破四】特殊定语从句 ‎ 在英语中，有许多从句，如主语从句、同 位 语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命 题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这 些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是:‎ 抓住它们各自的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型 或从句。 ‎ I have three cars，none of which is in good condition.(定语从句) ‎ I have three cars，but none of them is in good condition.(并列句) ‎ The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(定语从句，that在从句中充当宾语可省略) ‎ He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分,但不可省略) ‎ 例4、(2017·北京卷改编)The time isn't far away ________you will have to take the College Entrance Examination.‎ ‎【解析】句意：参加大学入学考试的时间不远了。此句为分隔式定语从句，先行词为the time，从句中缺乏时间状语，要用关系副词when。‎ ‎【答案】when ‎【变式探究】(2016·天津卷改编)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，who we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. ____________‎ ‎【解析】句意：我和朋友们走上山顶，在那里我们欣赏了壮丽的湖景。先行词是the top of the hill，先行词与定语从句被with my friends分隔开了。先行词是表示地点的词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】who→where ‎【变式探究】We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year. ‎ A．which B．where ‎ C．when D．what ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎ ‎【变式探究】‎ Recently I have bought an iPad 6 on the website of Taobao.com，________the price is very reasonable. ‎ A．on which B．in which ‎ C．of which D．from which ‎ 解析：句意：我最近在淘宝网买了一台iPad 6，它的价格非常合理。of表示所属关系，意为“……的”。of which the price＝the price of which＝whose price。 ‎ 答案：C ‎【高考真题解读】‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not ‎ good for the health.‎ ‎【解析】句意：“像其他任何事情一样，两者可能摄入过多，这一点对健康没有好处。”分析句子结构，由逗号以及句意可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意为“这一点，这件事”，故应用关系代词which指代前面整个句子。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】who ‎3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. ____________‎ ‎【解析】分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后面为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子中的garden，定语从句中缺少主语，故用which。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎4．(2017·天津卷改编)He wrote about 200 novels，of that this is the most successful. ____________‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句，of为介词，先行词为novels，介词后的关系代词用which，不用that。‎ ‎【答案】that→which ‎5、(2017·北京卷改编)The time isn't far away ________you will have to take the College Entrance Examination.‎ ‎【解析】句意：参加大学入学考试的时间不远了。此句为分隔式定语从句，先行词为the time，从句中缺乏时间状语，要用关系副词when。‎ ‎【答案】when ‎1.【2016·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.‎ A. whose B. why C. where D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。‎ ‎2.【2016·江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase theirdreams.‎ A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。故C项正确。‎ ‎3.【2016·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.‎ ‎ A. that B. where C. which D. when ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next ‎ week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。‎ ‎4.【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.‎ A. whom B. which C. what D. that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查定语从句。‎ ‎1.(2015·江苏，21)The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ 解析 句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如……，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。‎ 答案 as ‎2.(2015·湖南，29)It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.‎ 解析 句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。‎ 答案 which ‎3.(2015·浙江，19)Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.‎ 解析 句意：创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为an atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，此处in which相当于where。作介词宾语不可用that。‎ 答案 which ‎4.(2015·重庆，14)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.‎ 解析 句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。‎ 答案 which ‎5.(2015·四川，3)The books on the desk， covers are shiny，are prizes for us.‎ 解析 考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。‎ 答案 whose ‎6.(2015·安徽，28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7.(2015·福建，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.‎ 解析 句意：《中国日报》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。‎ 答案 which ‎8.(2014·安徽，22)The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2013.‎ 解析 考查定语从句。句意：Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2013年。先行词the exact year在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物，故用which也可用that或省略。‎ 答案 which/that/不填 ‎9.(2014·北京，26)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.‎ 解析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个星期，我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的《大侦探福尔摩斯》。先行词the book在定语从句中作recommend的宾语，所以要用关系代词，先行词是物，故用which。‎ 答案 which ‎10.(2014·山东，10)A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.‎ 解析 考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。‎ 答案 whose ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎