专题53 语法填空-高考全攻略之备战2018年高考英语考点一遍过

专题53 语法填空-高考全攻略之备战2018年高考英语考点一遍过

考点53 语法填空 高考频度：★★★★★‎ ‎【考点解读】‎ 在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。‎ 语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。‎ ‎【考点统计】‎ ‎2015—2017年高考新课标全国卷语法填空考点统计 年份 ‎ ‎ ‎ 有提示词类试题 无提示词类试题 特殊句式及固定搭配 谓 语 动 词 非谓语动词 派生词 比较等级 其 他 冠词 名词 介词 代词 情态动词 形容副词 并列连词 状语从句 名词从句 定语从句 特殊句式 固 定 搭 配 ‎2017年全国卷I ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎2017年全国卷II ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2017年全国卷III ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2016‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ 年全国卷I ‎2016年全国卷II ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎2015年全国卷I ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎2‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎2015年全国卷II ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎3‎ ‎0‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎【考情分析】‎ 从统计表可以看出，语法填空题主要考查考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。根据具体语境，借助词法、句法、特殊句式以及固定搭配进行考査，体现了＂考查实词为主，考查虚词为辅＂的命题原则。‎ 有提示词类试题比重大。表中统计表明，高考试题中语法填空题有提示词类试题均占考查总量的70%。‎ 第一部分 有提示词题目的解题技巧 有提示词题目是指＂使用括号中词语的正确形式填空＂这类题，近年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。‎ 专题一　谓语动词 ‎【考点】‎ 谓语 时态 主动 被动 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 一般过去时 did was/were done 过去完成时 had done had been done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 一般将来时 will do will be done 过去将来时 would do would be done ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当句子缺少谓语动词时， 括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时，要根据语境确定用哪种时态，根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则填谓语动词。‎ 第二步：若为谓语动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。‎ 第三步：要注意主谓一致。‎ ‎1.He ______(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.‎ ‎【解析】在主语He后， pretend显然是谓语动词；giving it(the tiger)a voice的主语应当是He, 因此， and giving与谓语动词是并列关系；由此推断，谓语动词应是过去进行时，故填was pretending。‎ ‎【答案】was pretending ‎2.One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ________ (find) that he had run out of salt.‎ ‎【解析】在主语he后，find显然为谓语动词；由前面句意可知，此处为一般过去时，故填found。‎ ‎【答案】found ‎3. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car ________(break) down near a remote village.‎ ‎【答案】broke 专题二 非谓语动词 ‎【考点】‎ 非谓语(无时态，有语态)‎ 主动 被动 doing being done having done have been done to do to be done to have done to have been done ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。‎ 此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词 (表一般意义)或不定式形式(表具体意义)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/ notice sb.do/doing sth., spend...doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。‎ 第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用ing形式或不定式，在enjoy, finish等动词后作宾语用ing形式，在decide, refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。‎ ‎ 第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。‎ ‎ 第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。‎ ‎1.I noticed a man ________ (sit) at the front.‎ ‎【答案】sitting ‎2.＂In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always________(think) that it was only small and not very important, ‎ and look where we have ended up today.＂‎ ‎【解析】此句已有谓语added，并且没有并列连词，又因为everyone与think为主动关系，故用thinking作added的伴随状语。‎ ‎【答案】thinking ‎3.While she was getting me ________(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car...‎ ‎【答案】settled 专题三 形容词和副词的比较级或最高级 ‎【考点】 ‎ 形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级或最高级，词义比较等。‎ ‎【解题技巧】 ‎ 当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境，理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的词逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。注意：要善于分析语境，辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：分析结构，确定所给词在句子中作定语还是状语。‎ 第二步：根据结构、语境或句子意义确定是填比较级还是最高级。‎ ‎1.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ________(sweet)．‎ ‎【解析】用nothing 与an act of kindness and love 相对比，这里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级。‎ ‎【答案】sweeter ‎2. If he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.‎ ‎【解析】此处仍需填形容词，结合上下文意思，＂任何人想看他可能会显得有点难，因为要转过头来。＂应填比较级harder。‎ ‎【答案】harder ‎3.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did ＂grow＂ ________(high)．‎ ‎【答案】higher 专题四 词类转换 ‎【考点】词类转换多以派生词变化为主：‎ 形容词→副词 wide→widely 形容词→形容词比较级/最高级 wide→wider/widest 形容词→名词 wide→width 形容词→动词 wide→ widen 动词→名词 instruct → instruction (s)‎ 特殊变性 happy →happily, simple →simply，‎ ‎ true →truly, arrange →arrangement，‎ judge →judgment ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化。我们可据以下3条规则顺利解题：‎ ‎(1)作主语或宾语用名词形式；(2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。‎ 第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀， 其逻辑意义才通顺；‎ ‎2. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时， 无需改变词性， 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了。‎ ‎1.For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt__________(please), because there were many empty seats in the room.‎ ‎【解析】felt为连系动词，后面要接形容词或分词作其表语，因此变成形容词性分词pleased。‎ ‎【答案】pleased ‎2. Jane knew from past experience that her________(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.‎ ‎【解析】在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词后，一定是用名词形式，故填choice。‎ ‎【答案】choice ‎3. He failed his maths examination because of his________(care) work.‎ ‎【解析】在名词前作定语， 要用形容词； 由failed...可知， 要填表示否定意义的careless(粗心大意的), 意义才通顺。‎ ‎【答案】careless ‎4.In Alaska, the wolf almost ________(appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.‎ ‎【答案】disappear 第二部分 无提示词题目的解题技巧 无提示词题目指的是＂在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）＂这类题，五年来，这类题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。那么什么情况下填代词？何时填冠词？何时填关联词？ 何时填介词呢？‎ 专题一　代词 ‎【考点】不定代词、指示代词和替代词的用法，it 的用法和人称代词的主格和宾格。‎ 人称代词 ‎(主格/宾格)‎ 反身代词 名词性物 主代词 常考的不定代词 指示代词 I/me myself mine other/‎ another this/‎ that you yourself/‎ yourselves yours both/neither/either he/him himself his all / none she/her herself hers nothing/‎ nobody these/‎ those it itself its everything/‎ everybody we/us ourselves ours anything/‎ anybody they/them themselves theirs something/‎ somebody ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：分析句子结构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后面缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。‎ 第二步：理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。‎ ‎1.Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes ________ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.‎ ‎【解析】因but后的并列句中缺主语，应填代词； 根据语境，不难推断坐到我附近的应是他后面的那些人，即other people， 指人，是复数，作主语，应当填they。‎ ‎【答案】they ‎2. I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made ______ of us feel good.‎ ‎【解析】此处作made的宾语，用代词，由上文＂We (I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing conversation＂可知，指作者和那个智障人，故填both。‎ ‎【答案】both ‎3.＂Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？＂...Then he took________ off, gave a big smile and said, ‎ ‎＂That is cool.＂‎ ‎【解析】空格处于动词took和介词off之间，该处缺宾语，指代前面的glasses。‎ ‎【答案】them 专题二 限定词 ‎【考点】冠词、形容词性物主代词或作定语用的不定代词：‎ 冠词 形容词性物主代词 作定语用的代词 a(一个)‎ my some (一些)‎ your an(一个)‎ his another (另一个)‎ her the(那个，这个)‎ its other (其他的)‎ our their ‎【解题技巧】‎ 在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或＂形容词＋名词＂前，一般要用限定词。‎ ‎ 限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词，或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时，要根据句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义，由此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指，大体相当于＂这、这些、那、那些＂时用the；表示＂一(个、本、座……)＂时用不定冠词a或an；表示＂某人的＂，用物主代词；表示＂一些＂用some，表示＂另一个＂用another，表示＂其他的＂用other等。解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：分析句子结构。若空格后的名词或者＂形容词＋名词＂前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、冠词等限定词时，很可能是填限定词。‎ 第二步：理解句子意思。根据所需意义选择恰当的限定语，如需＂一(个、座、次……)＂填不定冠词，需 ‎　　　　＂某人的＂填物主代词，需＂其它的＂填other。‎ ‎1. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had_________ amazing conversation.‎ ‎【解析】作宾语的名词amazing conversation前应填限定词；根据习惯搭配可知填不定冠词an，因为have a conversation 意为＂谈话＂。‎ ‎【答案】an ‎2. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ________ last row.‎ ‎【解析】last row为＂形容词＋名词＂前没有限定词，根据结构应该填限定词，the last...为固定搭配。‎ ‎【答案】the ‎3. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ________small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.‎ ‎【答案】a 专题三　介词 ‎【考点】‎ before在(时、空)之前 across 横过、在……上 till 直到……‎ like 像……‎ after在(时、空)之后 through 在……中穿过 for 表原因、目的 to 表方向 above在……上面 by 在……旁边，乘船、车等 behind在……后面 of 表所属关系 over 在……正上方 with 表伴随(具有)‎ beside 在……旁 around 在……周围 under 在……正下方 at、in、on表时间、地点 near附近……‎ up向上 on 在……表面 between表在二者之间 along沿着……‎ down向下 ‎ in 在……里面 among表在三者之间 from 来自……‎ off 远 as作为 ‎ beyond 超出……范围 toward 朝、‎ 向……‎ ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，填介词。因为名词和代词最典型的用法是作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，就应是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。具体填什么介词，由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定，也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配来决定。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且他们不是作主语或作动词的宾语时，很可能就是填介词。‎ 第二步：根据具体的语境或空格所在的句子意思来确定填哪个介词。‎ ‎1. I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him ________his ‎ own either.‎ ‎【答案】on ‎2. The new boy looked at the teacher _______ a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.‎ ‎【解析】a few seconds在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，就应是作介词的宾语，空格处应填介词；表时间段应该用介词for。‎ ‎【答案】for ‎3. The only reason a man would sell sale________ a lower price would be because he wait desperate for money.‎ ‎【解析】名词a low price 在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，应为介词的宾语，根据习惯搭配可知，用介词at。‎ ‎【答案】at 专题四　关联词 ‎【考点】‎ 定语从句 关系代词 who (主语)　whom (宾语)　that(主语/宾语)　which(主语/宾语)　whose(所有格)‎ 关系副词 when(时间)　where(地点)　why(原因)　how(方式)‎ 名词性 从句 连词 that，if，whether 连接代词 that，which，who，whom，whose，as，what，whether 连接副词 when，why，where，how(＋ever)‎ 连词 因果关系 because, as, since, so 转折关系 though, but 假设关系 if, unless　‎ 让步关系 though, although 时间关系 when, while, as, before, after, until, since ‎ 结果关系 so...that...，such...that...‎ 比较关系 as...as...，than ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，填关联词；若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词(and/but/so/or)；从属句间常依据句子的属性是名词性从句、形容词性从句还是副词性从句来确定其关联词。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：分析结构，若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连接词，空格必填连接词(此处的连接词包括并列连词，如：and, but, or, while, so, for等；引导状语从句的从属连词；引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词和连词that, if, whether)。‎ 第二步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或根据句式结构来确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。‎ 第三步：若是主从复合句，要根据从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连接词。‎ ‎1. Behind him were other people to ________ he was trying to talk，...‎ ‎【答案】whom ‎2. _______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.‎ ‎【解析】该处为两个简单句，应填关联词，根据句意可知为让步关系。‎ ‎【答案】Though/ Although ‎3.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _________ the boy would do.‎ ‎【解析】空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词， 应填关联词；该处缺宾语，what引导宾语从句。‎ ‎【答案】what 专题五　情态动词和助动词 ‎【考点】‎ 情态动词1‎ can，will，shall，may，must，need 情态动词2‎ could，would，should，might ‎ 助动词1‎ do，does，did ‎ 助动词2‎ have，has，had ‎【解题技巧】‎ ‎1．若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词，或强调谓语的do, does, did, 或构成部分倒装的助动词do，does，did等；‎ ‎2．还要注意有可能是部分倒装，填助动词have，has，had与主语后的过去分词以构成完成时；‎ ‎3．填it或that，以构成it is/ was...that...这个强调句型。‎ ‎1. Listen to these words from Darwin P．Kingsley: ＂You have powers you never dreamed of. You can do things you never thought you ________do. There are no limitations in what you can do except the limitations of your own mind.＂‎ ‎【答案】could ‎2. I explained that while I didn’t carry any cash, I________ happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it. He was thrilled.‎ ‎【解析】因谓语动词happen是原形，而前后语境的谓语动词都是过去式，时态不一致，所以此处应填情态动词或助动词；由句意＂我解释说， 虽然我没有带现金， 但我的确恰好有一张新毯子＂， 故填助动词did，对谓语动词进行强调。‎ ‎【答案】did 第三部分 特殊句式及固定搭配 专题一 特殊句式 考点一 倒装句 ‎1.在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种：‎ ‎①在there引导的句子中，谓语是be, exist, live, lie等表示状态的动词时，用完全倒装句。‎ ‎②地点状语位于句首，主语为名词且谓语为不及物动词时，用完全倒装句。‎ ‎③作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。‎ ‎④表示地点和动作转移的副词，如:here, there, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。‎ 注意：当主语是代词时，不倒装。如：‎ ‎ ☛Here comes the bus./Here it comes.‎ ‎2.在英语中，把助动词、情态动词或be动词移到主语之前称为部分倒装。常见的部分倒装句有以下几种：‎ ‎①当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。‎ ‎②＂only+状语/状语从句＂位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。‎ ‎③表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或介词短语主要有not, little, hardly, never, by no means, on no condition, in no case, nowhere, seldom, nor等。‎ ‎④在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if，将 had/were/should放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。‎ ‎⑤hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., not only...but also...等引导两个分句，且hardly, no sooner, not only等提到句首时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。‎ ‎⑥在so...that...句式中，如果so引导的部分位于句首，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。‎ ‎⑦as/though引导的让步状语从句中，将表语置于句首构成部分倒装。‎ Only when he reached the tea-house _______he realize it was the same place he’d been in last year. ‎ ‎【答案】did　‎ 考点二 强调句 强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...。在这个句型中，it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其他成分，则一律用that来连接。被强调部分错综复杂，容易与其他从句混淆。区分的方法是把句中的It is/was和that/who去掉，如果句子成立，且句意通顺，就是强调句型，否则就不是强调句型。如：It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.去掉It is和that/who，还原为Jane has been living in London since she left China.作为句子完全成立，由此可以判断该句为强调句型。‎ 使用强调句型的几个注意事项：‎ ‎(1)被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。‎ ‎☛It is I who am right. 对的是我。‎ ‎☛ It is he who is wrong.错的是他。‎ ‎☛ It is the students who are lovely.可爱的是学生们。‎ ‎(2)被强调成分即使是在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等，也不能用when, where, because，而要用that。‎ ‎☛It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.正是在战后爱因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。‎ ‎☛It was in front of the bank that the lady was robbed.那位女士是在银行前面遭遇抢劫的。‎ ‎☛It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.他是因为下大雨来晚的。 ‎ ‎(3)被强调成分是作主语的代词时用主格，是作宾语的代词时用宾格。It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天是他帮助了我。‎ ‎☛It was me that he helped yesterday. 他昨天帮助的是我。‎ ‎(4)被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who。‎ ‎☛It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about.他们谈论的是他们记得的人和事。‎ ‎【易混易错】‎ 强调句型与主语从句、状语从句、定语从句的区别 ‎1.强调句型与主语从句的比较 ‎ 强调句型将句子中的it is/was与that/who同时省去，句子仍然成立；而包含主语从句的句子用that从句代替it，句子成立。如：‎ ‎☛It was Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。‎ ‎ (本句若将It was 及that同时省去为：You met Li Lei’s brother in the street ‎ yesterday.句子同样成立，因此本句是强调句型。)‎ ‎☛It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou X.我们成功地发射了神舟十号这件事情真令人兴奋。(本句若将It is 及that同时省去为：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou X.显然句子错误，因此，本句不是强调句型，that引导主语从句，it是形式主语。)‎ ‎2.强调句型与定语从句的比较 ‎ 强调句型中的it没有实际意义，it is/was与that/who去掉后句子结构仍然完整。但定语从句中的it be和作主语的that去掉后句子结构不完整。‎ ‎3.强调句型与状语从句的比较 ‎ 强调句型中的it is/was与that/who同时省去，句子仍然成立；而包含状语从句的句子it是主语。如：‎ ‎☛It was 8 o’clock when they went home.他们回家时是8点。‎ ‎ (句中代词it作主语，指代时间，when引导时间状语从句)‎ ‎☛It was at 8 o’clock that they went home.他们是在8点回家的。‎ ‎ (本句是强调句型，at 8 o’clock是被强调部分)‎ It was not until near the end of the letter _______ she mentioned her own plan. ‎ ‎【答案】that 考点三 祈使句 ‎________(knock) at the door before you enter my room, please. ‎ ‎【解析】分析句子成分可知，空格前没有主语，后面有before引导的时间状语从句，由此可判断，此处构成祈使句，所以填knock。‎ ‎【答案】Knock 专题二 固定搭配 考点1 常见词组 as a matter of fact；be proud of； by the way；come from；according to；congratulate...on...；‎ devote...to...；earn one’s living；keep one’s word； make up one’s mind； be concerned about...；catch up with...； keep an eye on...；concentrate on...等。‎ 考点2 特殊固定用法 keep...doing sth.；prevent...from doing...；like doing...；need doing； feel like doing； get sth. done； have sth. done；have sb. doing/do sth.；enjoy doing； succeed in doing等。‎ 考点3 常用句型 so/such...that...‎ It is...(for sb./of sb.) to do sth.‎ There is no doubt/need that...‎ There is no sense in doing sth.‎ It’s ( high) time that sb. did/should do sth.‎ It is no good/use doing sth. ‎ not only...but also... ‎ It is/was the first (second) time that sb. has done/had done sth. ‎ It is no wonder that... ‎ 特殊句型结构及固定搭配在语法填空中主要考查对其掌握的熟悉程度，所以我们要善于积累，牢记固定搭配和特殊句型，答题时注意固定搭配的介词、名词、动词的形式和特殊句型的形式主语、连接词及相应时态的运用等。‎ 代词it在特殊句型中非常活跃，所以考生需要特别注意包含it的常用句型：‎ ‎1.用在动词 like, love, dislike, hate, appreciate等后作宾语。如：‎ ‎☛I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我讨厌人们满嘴食物说话。‎ ‎2.作形式主语或形式宾语 ‎①用于＂It is+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing形式或that从句＂中。如： ‎ ‎☛It is certain that he will succeed.他一定会成功。‎ ‎②用于＂It seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that 从句＂中。如：‎ ‎ ☛It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help.我突然想起我应该向警方求助。‎ ‎③用于＂It looks as if/as though...＂中。如:‎ ‎☛It looks as if we’re going to miss the plane.似乎我们要误了班机了。‎ ‎④用于＂It is+过去分词+that从句＂中。如:‎ ‎☛It is believed that he will be admitted to Beijing University.人们相信他将被北京大学录取。‎ ‎⑤用于＂think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing形式或 that从句＂中。如：‎ ‎☛I make it a rule to walk two miles a day.我通常每天步行两英里路。‎ ‎⑥用于 take it for granted that..., bring it to one’s attention that...,see to it that...等句型中。如：‎ ‎☛We take it for granted that water is free at restaurants.我们认为在餐馆里水免费饮用是理所当然的事情。‎ ‎3.构成特定句型 ‎①It is/has been...since...‎ ‎☛It is almost ten years since he enjoyed himself so much.将近有十年时间他没这么高兴过了。‎ ‎②It was (not)/will(not) be...before...‎ ‎☛It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就感受到此处的危险。‎ ‎③It is sb.’s turn to do sth.‎ ‎☛It’s my turn to look after the baby.轮到我看孩子了。‎ ‎1.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _______ (cool) the house during the hot day;_______ the same time, they warm up again for the night.‎ ‎【解析】根据语境可知，第一空处应该用动词不定式，构成adj./adv.+enough to do结构，所以第一空填to cool；根据语境可知；第二空填介词at，构成短语at the same time，表示＂同时＂。‎ ‎【答案】to cool; at　‎ ‎2. Keep________ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility.‎ ‎【解析】根据语境可知，此处作动词keep的宾语，构成固定搭配，keep doing sth.意思是＂继续做某事＂因此填动词-ing形式。‎ ‎【答案】holding ‎3.It took years of work ________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.‎ ‎【解析】It takes/took (sb.)+...+to do sth.为固定句型，意思是＂做某事花费(某人)多长时间＂。所以此处填动词不定式。‎ ‎【答案】to reduce　‎ 小 题组一（2017年高考真题）‎ ‎ Test1(2017·新课标全国卷I)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.‎ Test2（2017·新课标全国卷II）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.‎ ‎ Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 ‎ every day.‎ Later, engineers 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.‎ Test3(2017·新课标全国卷III)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 model in New York. ‎ ‎ Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).‎ She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. ‎ Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂‎ Test4(2017·浙江卷)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.‎ Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She ‎ thought I had hurt 59 (I),＂says Pahlsson. ‎ Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. ＂I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it. ‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder. ‎ 题组二（2016年高考真题）‎ ‎ Test1(2016·新课标全国卷I)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).‎ ‎ So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects.‎ Test2（2016·新课标全国卷II）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形。‎ If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less ‎ important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.‎ ‎ Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.‎ ‎ Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.‎ ‎ If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ Test3(2016·新课标全国卷III)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.‎ Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.‎ The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 65 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.‎ Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.‎ Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69 (be) too violent for use at the table.‎ Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 70 their hands. ‎ Test4(2016·上海)‎ Stress: Good or Bad?‎ ‎ Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.‎ ‎ In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though, further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.‎ ‎ To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.‎ 题组三（2017年名校模拟题）‎ Test 1(2017届山西省太原市高三第三次模拟)‎ ‎ With the development of modern society and high technology, children wear more and more beautiful and fashionable clothes. More children 　1　(allow) to choose their favorite clothes, which is 　2　relatively new trend. Many years ago, children had to suffer the whims(突发奇想)of adults as far as clothes were concerned. Like 　3　(adult) clothes, children’s clothes followed fashions as well. About 120 years 　4　, boys in Europe and America wore white ankle-length dresses, just like their sisters, until they 　5　(reach) the age of five. Older boys from wealthy 　6　(family) were then dressed in pretty velvet(丝绒) suits 　7　lace collars. Their hair was grown to shoulder length 　8　longer. For many unlucky boys, these carefully ‎ planned and organized costumes were nor reserved for special occasions; they had to wear the same 　9　(restrict)and uncomfortable outfits for everyday play. Clean and proper clothes say that the person has both self-respect and respect for other people. Clothing can tell quite a lot about the person, sometimes more than we would like to reveal. So we should pay more attention to 　10　(wear) proper clothes in different occasions.‎ Test 2(2017届江西师范大学附属中学高三第三次模拟考试)‎ ‎ Several countries in Asia celebrate the Lunar New Year in their own way. But dragon and lion dances in Chinatowns all over the world have helped to make China’s New Year the most famous. These days growing 　1　(number) of people who are not of Chinese origin are joining in. In Tokyo window cleaners dress up like the animals of the Chinese Shengxiao. America, Canada and New Zealand have published memorial stamps for the year of the rooster. Last year New York City made the Lunar New Year 　2　school holiday for the first time.‎ The spread of the Spring Festival is 　3　(part) due to recent immigration from China: 9.5 million Chinese people 　4　(move) abroad since 1978, many of 　5　are far richer than earlier waves of immigrants.‎ Aware 　6　China's growing economic and political influence, foreign leaders have noticed the occasion. Britain’s prime minister, Theresa May, has given a video address, a tradition 　7　(start) in 2014 by her predecessor (前任) . This year’s World Economic Forum in Davos was held a week earlier than usual 　8　(avoid) conflicting with China’s New Year.‎ China hopes the festival will promote 　9　(it) cultural “soft power” abroad. It may give the Chinese people 　10　(satisfy) to see foreigners enjoy such festivities.‎ Test 3(2017届江西省南昌二中、临川一中高三联考)‎ Zhang Jianxing has been walking through the ancient forests of the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve for over two decades to find the wild man. He will not give up until he　1　(come) face to face with the creature. He began living in the mountain in 1994, after becoming 　2　(fascinate) by the wild man. Armed with a camera, he 　3　(constant) looks for clues of the creature’s whereabouts, living off the land and 　4　(sleep) in abandoned homes and empty caves. To him, the wild man is a branch of science, 　5　that he has been studying for a very long time. So far, he has collected enough evidence of the wild man’s 　6　(exist) — more than 100 hair samples and 3,000 photos of large footprints. He even came close to ‎ seeing it for himself no less than nineteen 　7　(time). However, most scientists regard it as nothing more than a legend 　8　there is a lack of concrete evidence. But Zhang Jianxing 　9　(convince) that he will one day find the wild man himself and prove the scientists wrong. To him, it’s just 　10　matter of time Test 4(2017届安徽省淮北市第一中学高三四次模拟考试)‎ Once upon a time, there was a man 　1　 was very wealthy. He wanted to do something for the people in his village. 　2　 that, he wanted to find out whether, they deserved his help.‎ In the center of the main road into the village, he placed 　3　 very large stone. Then he 　4　（hide）behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his horse.‎ ‎“Who put this stone in the center of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 　5　 man came along and did the same thing; then another came, and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 　6　 .Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 　7　 （say）to himself, “The night 　8　 （be）very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”‎ Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 　9　 （strong）to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 　10　 the stone, he found a bag of money.‎ 题组一 ‎ ‎ Test 1‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。‎ ‎61. as 考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以……身份”，故填as。‎ ‎62. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。‎ ‎65. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。‎ ‎66. worse 考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。Zx/xk ‎67. is 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。‎ ‎68. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填eating。‎ ‎69. careful 考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。‎ ‎70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。‎ Test 2‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。‎ ‎66.fairly 考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。‎ ‎67.it考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。‎ ‎68.managed 考查动词，此处表示过去的情况，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。‎ ‎69.introduction考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。‎ ‎70.successful考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。‎ Test 3‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期要把学业放在首位。‎ ‎61. resting 考查非谓语动词。固定短语：spend time doing sth花费时间做某事。‎ ‎62. a 考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 ＂一个＂，故填a。‎ ‎63. was told / has been told 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was told / has been told。‎ ‎64. who 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who。‎ ‎65. to prove 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。‎ ‎66. education 考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。‎ ‎67. invitations 考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。‎ ‎68. in 考查介词。in表示＂在某方面＂，获得某项学位 ＂get a degree in…＂。‎ ‎69. comes 考查动词。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。‎ ‎70. certainly 考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词形式，故填certainly。‎ Test 4‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在花园里拔胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的故事。‎ ‎59. myself 【解析】考查代词。主语为I，横线处为宾语，根据语境可知这里指她以为＂我＂弄伤了自己。故填myself。‎ ‎60. earlier 【解析】考查形容词。这里指早在十六年前，故填earlier。‎ ‎61. to cook 【解析】考查动词不定式。一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。故填to cook。‎ ‎62. searched 【解析】考查动词时态。根据＂but turned up nothing＂可知这里是叙述过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时，故填searched。‎ ‎63. swept 【解析】考查动词。ring与sweep之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。故填swept。‎ ‎64. where 【解析】考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，定语从句中缺少地点状语，先行词为the garden，表示地点，故填关系副词where。‎ ‎65. a 【解析】考查冠词。wonder是可数名词的单数形式，且此处表示泛指，因此其前应加不定冠词a。故填a。‎ 题组二 ‎ ‎ Test 1‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。‎ ‎61. attraction 考查词性转换。但对于像我一样的游客，熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attraction，意为＂吸引人之物＂。‎ ‎62. was allowed 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语I与动词allow之间存在被动关系，且前一句的 ‎＂was＂表明此处应用一般过去时，故填was allowed。‎ ‎63. officially 考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词，所以填officially。‎ ‎64.to 考查介词。go back to是固定搭配，意为＂追溯到＂。‎ ‎65.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。‎ ‎66. permitted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，permit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，相当于that/who was permitted。‎ Test 2‎ ‎【文章大意】本文属于说明，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。‎ ‎61. greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的＂and less importance＂可知，此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰importance，故填greater。‎ ‎62. achievement 考查词性转换。首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的成就感。介词后接名词，a real sense of achievement意为＂一种真实的成就感＂。‎ ‎63.is 考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语＂Leaving the less important things until tomorrow＂，故谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填is。‎ ‎64.on 考查介词。我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中于我们的工作。固定短语be focused on 意为＂集中于……＂。故填on。‎ ‎65.as 考查连词。因此，早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构as…as possible意为＂尽可能……＂。‎ ‎66.studies 考查名词复数。最新的研究表明，如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话，我们在工作中会变得高效得多。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为show，为复数形式，且study作＂研究，调查＂讲时为可数名词，故主语应为复数。故填studies。‎ ‎67.regularly 考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词take，故填regularly＂有规律地＂。‎ ‎68.a 考查冠词。固定短语for a while意为＂一会儿＂。‎ ‎69.to bring 考查非谓语动词。固定短语be likely to do sth.意为＂可能做某事＂，故填to bring。‎ ‎70.make 考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。‎ Test 3‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了筷子的材质与中国使用筷子的悠久历史及文化内涵。‎ ‎61.and 考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知，Vietnam与空前的＂China， Japan， Korea＂之间是并列关系，故填并列连词and。‎ ‎62.be made 考查被动语态。此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。根据make与句子主语Truly elegant chopsticks之间是动宾关系及空前的＂might＂可知，此处应填be made。‎ ‎65.as/when 考查状语从句。随着人口的增长或当人口增长时，人们开始把食物切成小片。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，表示＂随着＂或＂当……时＂，故填as或when。‎ ‎66.gradually 考查副词。应用副词修饰动词，故用 gradually。‎ ‎67.who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Confucius，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。‎ ‎68.development 考查名词。根据空前的＂the＂及空后的＂of＂可知，此处应填名词development。‎ ‎69.were 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的＂believed＂可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时；从句主语为knives，谓语动词应用复数。故填were。‎ ‎70.with 考查介词。此处指大部分人用手吃饭，故填with。‎ Test 4‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。文章告诉我们一定范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。‎ ‎33. has been regarded  考查动词的时态和语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。‎ ‎34. that  考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。‎ ‎35. better  考查固定句式。 ＂The+比较级.....， the+比较级＂意为＂越……就越……＂。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.‎ ‎36. a  考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。‎ ‎39. control  考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；＂had better＂是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。‎ ‎ 40. to get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。‎ 题组三 ‎ Test 1‎ ‎【文章大意】文章讲述了在西方，孩子们服装的发展，同时说明了着装的注意事项。‎ ‎1.are allowed ‎【解析】考查时态和语态。文章讲述的是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时；句子的主语More children与allow构成被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are allowed。‎ ‎2.a ‎【解析】考查冠词。此处指“一种比较新的趋势”，relatively是辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。‎ ‎3.adults ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：如同成年人的衣服，孩子们的服装也紧跟时尚。此处用名词作定语。故填adults。‎ ‎4.ago ‎【解析】考查副词。“time+ago”指“多长时间之前”。故填ago。‎ ‎5.reached ‎【解析】考查时态。根据时间状语“About 120 years ago”可知，谓语用一般过去时态。故填reached。‎ ‎6.families ‎【解析】考查名词。此处指“来自富有家庭的大一点的男孩子”，根据事实逻辑，应该用复数。故填families。‎ ‎7.with ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：来自富有家庭的大一点的男孩子则穿着带有蕾丝衣领的漂亮的天鹅绒套装。with在此表示“附带着，有”，与后面的名词构成后置定语。故填with。‎ ‎8.or ‎【解析】考查连词。此处指“他们的头发到达肩部或者更长一些”。故填or。‎ ‎9.restrictive ‎【解析】考查形容词。与uncomfortable相并列，此处用形容词来修饰名词outfits。故填restrictive。‎ ‎10.wearing ‎【解析】考查非谓语。短语pay attention to…中，to是介词，后面跟名词或动名词。故填wearing。‎ Test 2‎ ‎【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是在外国越来越多的非华裔人士也开始喜欢中国节日。‎ ‎1.numbers ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：现在越来越多的非华裔人士加入进来。number为可数名词,用a number of或numbers of表示“许多”。此处number前无不定冠词a，故应用复数形式numbers。‎ ‎2.a ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：去年，纽约市第一次把农历新年定为一个学校假期。school ‎ holiday为可数名词，根据句意可知应用不定冠词a修饰。‎ ‎3.partly ‎4.have moved ‎【解析】考查时态。根据句中时间状语 since 1978可知应用现在完成时，故用have moved。‎ ‎5.whom ‎【解析】考查定语从句。根据此处为定语从句且关系代词前有介词可知应用whom修饰先行词Chinese people。‎ ‎6.of ‎【解析】考查介词。固定搭配aware of知道，明白，意识到。‎ ‎7.started ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国首相特丽莎·梅用一份视频讲话向全球华人拜了年，这是一项始于前任首相卡梅伦的传统。根据句意可知start与tradition之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故用started。‎ ‎8.to avoid ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年的达沃斯世界经济之所以比往常提前一周举行，就是为了避免和中国新年冲突。根据句意可知应用不定式作目的状语，故用to avoid。‎ ‎9.Its ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：中国希望这一节日能在国外提高它的文化“软实力”。根据句意可知应用形容词性物主代词its修饰cultural “soft power”。‎ ‎10.satisfaction ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：看到外国人喜欢这样的节日可能给中国人满足感。根据句意和句子结构可知此处应该用名词satisfaction作give的宾语。‎ Test 3‎ ‎【文章大意】张金星是中国民间野人探索第一人。1994年，他自费到神农架寻找野人，每年都在深山老林里独自生活近10个月，野兽相伴、风餐露宿、野果充饥。本文讲述他在神农架寻找野人的故事。‎ ‎1.comes ‎2.fascinated ‎【解析】考查形容词。此处指他被野人深深吸引，很着迷。系动词become后面要跟形容词。fascinated意为“着迷的；被深深吸引的”。故填fascinated。‎ ‎3.constantly ‎【解析】考查副词。修饰谓语动词looks for要用副词，此处指“不断地寻找”。故填constantly。‎ ‎4.sleeping ‎【解析】考查非谓语。并列连词and连接并列结构，所以此处用现在分词，与前面的living相对应。故填sleeping。‎ ‎5.one ‎【解析】考查代词。此处指科学的某一分支，one作a branch of science的同位语。故填one。‎ ‎6.existence ‎【解析】考查名词。名词的所有格后面跟名词，此处指“野人的存在”。故填existence。‎ ‎7.times ‎【解析】考查名词的复数。数词nineteen后面跟可数名词的复数形式。故填times。‎ ‎8.because/as ‎【解析】考查连词。后面一句话“there is a lack of concrete evidence.”是前面一句“most scientists regard it as nothing more than a legend.”的原因。故填because/as。‎ ‎9.is convinced ‎10.a ‎【解析】考查冠词。a matter of time是固定搭配，指“只是时间问题”。故填a。‎ Test 4‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍一个有钱人想帮助村民，他用一块大石头放在路中间，想看看人们值不值得他帮助。很多人路过，但是都没有挪开这块石头。最后一个年轻人将这块石头搬走，他惊讶地发现，石头下面是一袋钱。‎ ‎1.who或that ‎【解析】考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是a man，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，用关系代词who/that引导。故填who或that。‎ ‎2.Before ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：在那之前，他想看看是否他们值得他的帮助。故填Before。‎ ‎3.a ‎【解析】考查冠词。泛指“一个很大的石头”用不定冠词，而且large是辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。‎ ‎4.hid ‎【解析】考查动词的时态。这篇文章讲的是Once upon a time的事情，用一般过去时。故填hid。‎ ‎5.Another ‎【解析】考查代词。根据下文“another came, and another.”可知，这里泛指“另外一个人”。故填Another。‎ ‎6.it ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：所有的人都抱怨这块石头，但是没有人试图搬走它。it指代the stone。故填it。‎ ‎7.saying ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语，he和say是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填saying。‎ ‎8.will be ‎【解析】考查动词的时态。根据下文“Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”可知，这句话也是一般将来时。故填will be。‎ ‎9.strength ‎【解析】考查名词。all his后面接名词，strength作为“力量”的时候，是不可数名词。故填strength。‎ ‎10.Under ‎【解析】考查介词。根据下文“he found a bag of money.”可知，在石头下面有一袋钱。故填Under。‎ ‎ ‎