专题27+定语从句（一）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

专题27+定语从句（一）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

‎ ‎ 在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。‎ 考点一 定语从句关系词的选择 定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。关系词的选择可从两个方面入手：一是关系词在从句中所作的成分；二是先行词所指。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, whose；先行词指物时，关系代词用which, that, whose。详见下表：‎ 关系词 在从句中充当的成分 先行词 关系代词 who 主语、宾语、表语 人 whom 宾语 人 which 主语、宾语、表语 物 that 主语、宾语、表语 人或物 whose 定语 人或物 关系副词 when 状语 时间 where 状语 地点 why 状语 原因 1. 关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句 ‎ 关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。‎ ‎1. The little problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. （2017北京）‎ A. that B. as C. where D. when ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是The little problems may be inspirations for great inventions，从句是_______ we meet in our daily lives。从句修饰主句中的problem ‎，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作meet的宾语，应用关系代词，故用that。学科&*网 ‎2． The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. （2014安徽）‎ A. When B. where C. why D. which ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.（2014江西）‎ A. which B. what C. where D. when ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是Among the many dangers, probably the greatest of all is fog，从句是 _______ sailors have to face。从句修饰主句中的dangers，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作have to face的宾语，应用关系代词，故用which。‎ ‎4. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. （2013湖南）‎ A. whom B. who C. what D. which ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是Happiness and success often come to those，从句是_______ are good at recognizing their own strengths。从句修饰主句中的those，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词，those指人，故用who。‎ ‎5. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family. ‎ ‎(2011上海)‎ A. which B. where C. when D. as ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。关系词在定语从句中作hire的宾语，故用关系 代词which。这里一定要注意关系词在从句中的作用，否则会误将station看作先行词。‎ 注意：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语可以省略；that不能引导非限制性定语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代一个名词或代词，也可以指代整个主句。‎ ‎1. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. （2018北京）‎ A. which B. who C. as D. that ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 1. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _______ shows that more and more people all ‎ over the world want to learn about China. (2015福建)‎ A. who B. whom C. that D. which ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是China Today attracts a worldwide readership，后面是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代前面整个主句，在从句中作主语，故用which。（which指代整个主句）‎ 2. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me. （2014北京）‎ A. who B. which C. when D. where ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，后面是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the book，关系词在从句中作recommended的宾语，故用which。(which指代名词book)‎ ‎2. 关系代词whose引导定语从句 ‎ 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语，既可指人，也可指物。‎ ‎1. Kate, _____ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. (2018天津)‎ A. whom B. that C. whose D. her ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是Kate has gone to work in Australia，从句是_____ sister I shared a room with when we were at college，从句修饰Kate，是定语从句，关系词在从句 中作定语，修饰sister，故用whose。‎ ‎2. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. (2017天津)‎ A. A. that B. whose C. his D. who ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是My eldest son is in New York at the moment，从句是_____ work takes him all over the world，从句修饰son，是定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰work，故用whose。‎ ‎3. I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. （2016北京）‎ A. whose B. why C. where D. which ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. 关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句 关系副词替代先行词在从句中作状语，先行词指时间时，关系副词用when，指地点时用 where，指原因时用why。‎ ‎1. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. (2018江苏) A. that B. where C. which D. when 【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是Self-driving is an area，从句是________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line。从句修饰主句中的area，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。‎ ‎2. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, _______ you can hear some lovely music.（2015北京）‎ A. which B. that C. when D. where ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是Opposite is St. Paul’s Church，从句是_______ you can hear some lovely music。从句修饰主句中的St. Paul’s Church ‎，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。‎ ‎3. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.‎ ‎(2016天津)‎ ‎ A. that B. where C. which D. when ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎4. I am looking forward to the day _______ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. （2014湖南）‎ A. as B. why C. when D. where ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是I am looking forward to the day，从句是_______ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her。从句修饰主句中的day，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。‎ 提示：where引导的定语从句还可修饰表示抽象空间概念的名词case(情况), situation(情形), ‎ position(位置，岗位), stage(阶段), point(地步), job(工作)等。如：‎ ‎1. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales. ‎ ‎(2012重庆)‎ A. which B. that C. when D. where ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，______ communication ability is just as important as sales是定语从句，修饰position；关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。‎ ‎2. — What do you think of teaching, Bob?‎ ‎— I find it fun and challenging. It’s a job __________ you are doing something serious but interesting. (2009北京)‎ A. where B. which C. when D. that ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】这是一个复合句，___________ you are doing something serious but interesting是定语从句，修饰job；关系词在从句中作状语，表示“在工作中”，故用关系副词where。‎ 巩固练习 ‎1. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. ‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. where D. when ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】关系词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作表语，故用关系代词which。‎ ‎2. The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination. ‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. whose D. what ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，主句是The prize will go to the writer，从句是______ story shows the most imagination。关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰story，故用关系代词whose。‎ ‎3. I have reached a point in my life __________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. ‎ A. which B. where C. how D. why ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. ‎ A. where B. which C. its D. whose ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作roof的定语，故用关系代词whose。‎ ‎5. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______ urgently needed clean water,‎ medicine and shelter to survive. ‎ A. which B. who C. where D. what ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】关系词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，应用关系代词；先行词是people，故用who。‎ ‎6. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, made others upset.‎ ‎ A. who B. that C. what D. which ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作主语，且指整个主句，故用which。who指人，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎7. The school shop, ______ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.‎ A. which B. whose C. when D. where ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作定语，修饰customers，故用关系代词whose。‎ ‎8. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world. ‎ A. when B. where C. which D. whom ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. Children who are not active or ______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. ‎ ‎ A. what B. whose C. which D. that ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。关系词在第二个从句中作diet的定语，故用关系代词whose。‎ ‎10. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream. ‎ ‎ A. when B. where C. that D. which ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词；先行词an interval指时间，故用when。‎ ‎11. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. ‎ A. when B. which C. where D. while ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词；先行词the refrigerator指地点，故用where。‎ ‎12. Steven Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _____ life has developed gradually. ‎ A. that B. where C. which D. whose ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎