高考英语二轮复习 专题3 阅读理解之科技类3专题学案 新人教版

高考英语二轮复习 专题3 阅读理解之科技类3专题学案 新人教版

专题三 阅读理解之科技类（3）（新课标）‎ 三、科技类 ‎【典例探究】‎ ‎（2010·山东卷·D）‎ Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University‎ of ‎Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.‎ ‎“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”‎ Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanreal systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.‎ ‎“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”‎ His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.‎ ‎“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”‎ Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.‎ ‎【文章大意】本篇为科普短文，介绍由美国密苏里大学研究者所开发的核能电池的情况。‎ ‎71. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?‎ A. He teaches chemistry at MU.  B. He developed a chemical battery.‎ C. He is working on a nuclear energy source. ‎ D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.‎ ‎72. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.‎ A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied. B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.‎ C. to describe a nuclear-powered system. D. to introduce various energy sources.‎ ‎73. Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.‎ A. get rid of the radioactive waste   B. test the power of nuclear batteries.‎ C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.‎ ‎74. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.‎ A. uses a solid semiconductor        B. will soon replace the present ones.‎ C. could be extremely thin           D. has passed the final test.‎ ‎75. The text is most probably a ________.‎ A. science news report        B. book review    ‎ C. newspaper ad   D. science fiction story ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎71. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient及第三段的叙述可知，Kwon在研究一种核能电池，所以C项正确。‎ ‎72. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知Kwon举例的目的是为了说明核能电池是安全性。‎ ‎73. 【解析】选D。 细节理解题。根据part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,”及“By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”可知，通过使用液态半导体材料，可减少对晶体结构的破坏。‎ ‎74. 【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair可知C项正确。‎ ‎75. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文讲述了Kwon的原子能电池的有关情况，文章体裁应属于科普文章，所以A项正确。‎ ‎【跟踪演练】‎ ‎1、（2011·安徽省巢湖市高三第一次教学质量检测）‎ Scientists have found that human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays (紫外线) while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach, according to a report by the UK newspaper The Telegraph.‎ The researchers at Kanazawa Medical University‎, ‎Japan and American company Johnson Johnson conducted the study together. They looked at the effects of light reflection on newly fallen snow on a ski trail (a rough path) in Ishikawa District, northern Japan. They compared the results with the levels of UV rays on a sand beach in southern Japan's Okinawa District.‎ They found that on the beach, eyes are exposed to a daily 260 kilojoules (千焦耳) of UV a square meter compared to 658 kilojoules in snow-covered areas.‎ The findings are supported by the Japan Meteorological Agency. According to the agen- cy, the reflection rate of UV light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent, compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas. The amount of light increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height.‎ Most of us know that UV rays can harm the skin. That's why we wear sunscreen on our skin before we get out in the sun. But many of us may not realize that UV rays are also harmful to the eyes.‎ If your eyes are exposed to large amounts of UV radiation over a short period of time, you may experience a kind of sunburn of the eye, which is harmful. Your eyes will become red and feel a strange feeling. They may be sensitive to light. Fortunately, this is usually temporary (暂时的) and seldom causes permanent damage to the eyes.‎ Long-term exposure to UV radiation, however, can be more serious. Scientific studies and researches have shown that exposure to small amounts of UV radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damage, which could lead to total blindness.‎ ‎67. You would most likely find the article in A. a doctor's diary B. a travel journal C. a medical magazine D. a physics textbook ‎68. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Too much eye exposure to UV rays may cause total blindness.‎ B. Short-time exposure of the eyes to UV rays doesn't harm them at all.‎ C. Most people know that UV rays harm the eyes as well as the skin.‎ D. The study was conducted by researchers from Japan, the USA and the UK.‎ ‎69. The underlined word "sunscreen" in Paragraph 5 most probably means ______.‎ A. sunglasses B. sunhat C. suncream D. sunburn ‎70. What will the passage most probably talk about next?‎ A. Never ski on newly fallen snow in Japan.‎ B. Go to hospital to have your eyes examined.‎ C. Wearing a hat can provide protection while skiing in new snow areas.‎ D. Take some measures to protect your eyes while skiing in new snow areas.‎ ‎2、 （2010·河北省衡水中学三模A卷）As you dash outdoors in the middle of winter, you might make it halfway down the block before realizing that your ears are freezing because you forgot your hat.‎ Now, scientists have shown that even though you’ve had an apparent memory lapse(丧失), your brain never forgot what you should have done. ‎ Memory works mainly by association. For example, as you try to remember where you left your keys, you might recall you last had them in the living room, which reminds you that there was an ad for soap on television, which reminds you that you need soap, and so on. And then, as you’re heading out of the door to buy soap, you remember that your keys are on the kitchen counter. Your brain knew where the keys were all along. It just took a round-about way to get there.‎ Now, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies are studying associative memory in monkeys to figure out just how this complicated process works.‎ First, the researchers trained a group of monkeys to remember arbitrary(任意的) pairs of symbols. The researchers showed the monkeys one symbol(cold weather) and then gave them the choice of two other symbols, one of which (a hat) would be associated with the first. A correct choice would earn them a sip of their favorite juice.‎ Most of the monkeys performed the test perfectly, but one kept making mistakes.‎ ‎“We wondered what happened in the brain when the monkey made the wrong choice, although it apparently learned the right pairing of symbols,” said study leader Thomas Albright.‎ Albright and his team observed signals from the nerve cells in the monkey’s inferior temporal cortex (ITC), an area of its brain used for visual pattern recognition and for storing this type of memory.‎ As the monkey was deciding which symbol to choose, about a quarter of the activity in the ITC was due to the choice behavior.‎ Meanwhile, more than half the activity was in a different group of nerve cells, which scientists believe represent the monkey’s memory of the correct symbol pairing, and surprisingly, these cells continued to fire even when the monkey chose the wrong symbol.‎ ‎“In this sense, the cells ‘knew’ more than the monkeys let on in their behavior,” Albright said. “Thus, behavior may vary, but knowledge endures.”‎ ‎57．The example of the keys and soap is given to explain the relationship between __________.‎ ‎ A．memory lapse and human brain B．memory and association ‎ C．memory and television ads D．memory and our daily life ‎58．Which of the following best expresses the general idea of the text?‎ ‎ A．Your brain may forget something, but not always.‎ ‎ B．Activity is a round-about way to memory.‎ C．Your brain remembers what you forget.‎ ‎ D．Monkeys have better memory than us.‎ ‎59．The researchers believe the monkey that made the wrong choice ________.‎ A．also knew the correct answer B．had the worst memory C．failed to see the objects well D．had some trouble with its nerve system ‎60．The underlined word “endures” may be best replaced by __________.‎ ‎ A．disappears B．increases C．improves D．remains ‎3、（2010·河北省正定中学三模）When important events are happening around the world, most people turn to traditional media sources, such as CNN and BBC for the news．However, during the war in Iraq in 2003, many people followed the war from the point of view of an unknown Iraqi citizen who called himself “Salam Pax ” ．(Salam Pax means peace)‎ ‎ Salam Pax wrote a diary about everyday life in Baghdad during the war, and posted it on his website．Pax’s online diary was a kind of website known as a “blog”．Blogs are online diaries, usually kept by individuals, but sometimes by companies and other groups of people．They are the fastest growing types of website on the Internet．‎ A blog differs from a traditional website in several ways．Most importantly, it is updated much more regularly．Many blogs are updated every day, and some are updated several times a day．Also, most blogs use special software or websites, which can help ordinary people easily set up and start writing their own blogs．‎ ‎ There are many different kinds of blogs．The most popular type is an online diary of links where the blog writer surfs the Internet and then posts links to sites or news articles that they find interesting , with a few comments about each one ．Other types are personal diaries, where the writer talks about their life and feelings．Sometimes these blogs can be very personal．‎ ‎ There is another kind of blogging, called “moblogging ”, short for “ mobile blogging ”．‎ Mobloggers use mobile phones with cameras to take photos, which are posted instantly to the Internet．The use of mobile phones in this way made the headlines in Singapore when a high school student posted a movie he had taken of a teacher shouting at another student on the Internet．Many people were shocked by what the student did, and wanted phones with cameras to be banned from schools．‎ ‎ Many people think that as blogs become common, news reporting will rely less on big media companies, and more on ordinary people posting news to the Internet．They think that then the news will be less like a lecture, and more like a conversation, where any one can join in．‎ ‎49．Which statement about Salam Pax was true? ‎ A．He worked for CNN．‎ B．Salam Pax was not his real name ‎ C．He was famous as a host in BBC ‎ D．He used a mobile phone for his blog ‎ ‎50．What is the biggest difference between blogs and traditional websites?‎ A．Blogs are updated much more often B．Blogs contain links to other websites ‎ C．Blogs use special software D．Blogs contain personal information ‎ ‎51．According to the passage, which statement about the future is most likely ? In the future …‎ A．everyone will have a blog ‎ B．large media companies will be unnecessary ‎ C．people will be able to learn the news from other points of view ‎ D．blogging technology will be banned ‎ ‎52．What is the passage mainly about ? ‎ A．the history of the Internet B．new types of media C．the war in Iraq D．the increase of using computers ‎ ‎4、（2010·江苏省南京市三模）We typically associate the word “science” with a person in a white coat doing experiments in a laboratory. Ideally, experiments should play as big a role in the human sciences as they do in the natural sciences; but in practice this is not usually the case. The are at least three reasons for this.‎ ‎1．Human scientists are often trying to make sense of complex real world situations in which it is simply impossible to run controlled experiment.‎ ‎2．The artificiality of some of the experiments that can be conducted may make the behavior of the participants abnormal.‎ ‎3．There are moral reasons for not conducting experiments that have a negative effect on the people who participate in them.‎ Faced with the above difficulties, what are human scientists to do? One solution is to wait for nature to provide the appropriate experimental conditions. We can, for example, learn something about how a normal brain functions by looking at people who have suffered brain damage; and we can gain some understanding into the roles played by genes and the environment by studying twins, who have been separated at birth and brought up in different families. In the case of economics, economic history can provide us with a bank of-admittedly not very well-controlled-experimental data.‎ However, human scientists do not just sit around waiting for natural experiments to arise. They also think of some experiments of their own. Suppose you want to know how a baby sees the world. We cannot, of course, ask the baby since it has not yet learnt to speak. So it might seem that all we can do is guess. People usually won’t change their mind until it was found out that babies tend to stare at surprising things longer than at unsurprising ones. This key understanding was like opening a window on to the developing mind. There was now a way of testing babies’ expectations and getting some idea of how they are six months old, babies can already do the following things: figuring out that objects consist of parts that move together being aware of the difference between living and non-living things and even doing simple arithmetic work.‎ ‎60．What is true about the natural sciences and the human sciences according to this passage?‎ A．Both human scientists and natural scientists can run controlled experiments.‎ B．Experiments done by human scientists and natural scientists are artificial.‎ C．Both human and natural science experiments should be of the same importance.‎ D．It’s not moral to conduct human science experiments.‎ ‎61．What do we know about human scientists from this passage?‎ A．They are white coat scientists.‎ B．They have more experimental sources than natural scientists.‎ C．They conduct experiments passively. ‎ D．They face more difficulties in carrying out their research.‎ ‎62．Which of the following experiments belongs to human science experiment?‎ A． Vinegar Volcano Vinegar and baking soda make.‎ ‎ for a fun and easy science experiment. Try creating a ‎ ‎ vinegar volcano.‎ B． Taste Without Smell Put your senses to the test ‎ ‎ with this simple experiment that shows the ‎ importance of your sense of smell.‎ C． Lung Function Observe your breath and confirm ‎ your lung volume by completing this experiment.‎ D． Make a Rainbow Use sunlight and water to ‎ make your own rainbow with this cool experiment that will teach kids how rainbows work while they ‎ enjoy a fun activity ‎63．What does the author tell us in this passage?‎ A．ABCs about the science experiment.‎ B．Some knowledge of science.‎ C．Some differences between the human sciences and the natural sciences.‎ D．The similarity of the natural sciences and the human sciences.‎ ‎5、（2010·吉林省吉林一中冲刺）Forty years ago, Rachel Carson died and the Pittsburgh area lost perhaps its most influential citizen. A native of a Pennsylvania College for Women graduate, Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962, a work that launched the modern environmental movement and led to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as the passage of our major environmental laws.‎ However, there has been a puzzling and troubling trend in recent years: an attack on her theory by conservatives and the agrochemical (农用化学品) industry. For example, Rush Limbaugh gave the following quiz: “Who caused more deaths: Adolf Hitler or RachelCarson?” Limbaugh's ‎ answer was Carson, due to the approximately 100 million deaths from malaria (疟疾) since 1972, the year in which the pesticide (杀虫剂）DDT was banned for use in the United States in part as a result of “Silent Spring.”‎ Therefore, on this 40th anniversary of Carson's death, we need to take a scientific look at the myths that remain about pesticides.‎ Myth 1: Pesticide usage has declined since 1962. In fact, pesticide usage has more than doubled since 1962, and the global pesticide industry currently uses over 2.5 million tons of pesticides each year. Even DDT is still used abroad. ‎ Myth 2: Pesticides are safe. In fact, as Carson warned us, these poisonous chemicals are unsafe since they are designed to kill biological organisms, but are often not specific in their targets. Pesticide exposure can cause skin irritation, headache, cancer and even death. According to the WHO, over 25 million people a year in developing countries suffer severe acute pesticide poisonings with over 20,000 deaths. ‎ Of the 80,000 pesticides and other chemicals in use today, 10 percent are recognized as carcinogens (致癌物质). According to recent studies, brain cancer rates are five times higher in homes with “no-pest” strips and six times higher in homes where pets wear flea collars (杀蚤颈圈). Our homes have pesticide concentrations 10 to 100 times higher than outdoors.‎ So, if Carson were with us today, still battling the agrochemical industry that spent millions of dollars, what would she be advocating? I feel confident that she would be a strong supporter of a new principle of chemical assessment. ‎ Simply put, this principle requires producers of pesticides to prove that they are safe and necessary before they are put on the market. Our current system puts the burden of proof on government and scientists to prove that a pesticide is dangerous and poses an “unacceptable risk” before it can be pulled from the market. ‎ ‎57. Limbaugh attacked Carson because he thought that _____.‎ A. “Silent Spring” had caused in part the 100 million deaths from malaria B. she was supporting the production of poisonous pesticides C. “Silent Spring” was originated from Hitler’s writings D. she had not cared for the 100 million deaths from malaria ‎58. Which of the following is the content of Myth 1?‎ A. The production of pesticides has doubled during the past 40 years.‎ B. 2.5 million tons of pesticides have been produced since 1962. ‎ C. The usage of pesticides has been dropping since 1962. ‎ D. Pesticides have become less poisonous since 1962.‎ ‎59. The author mentions “flea collars” in the sixth paragraph to indicate _____.‎ A. pesticides contribute to the development of cancer B. the close connection between them and dog cancer rates C. the medical effect of flea collars on dogs D. flea collars contribute to high pesticide concentrations indoors ‎60. What is the suggested new practice of chemical assessment? ‎ A. Government should prove a pesticide is unsafe.‎ B. Scientists should be responsible for writing assessment reports.‎ C. Producers of pesticides should provide proof of their safety.‎ D. A special committee should be set up for chemical assessment. ‎ ‎6、（2010· 河北省正定中学三模）Starting the day on an egg could keep your blood pressure(血压) under control, research suggests．Scientists have shown that eggs produce proteins with a function similar to that of powerful blood pressure-lowering drugs．‎ The research, from the University of Alberta in Canada, showed that when eggs come in contact with stomach enzymes(酶) they produce a protein that acts in the same way as Ace inhibitors, but more work is needed to show the effects outside a lab and in the human body．‎ Earlier this month, British researchers declared that, contrary to popular beliefs, it is healthy to go to work on an egg．They concluded that the type of cholesterol (胆固醇) found in eggs has little effect on increasing heart disease risks．‎ Researcher Professor Bruce Griffin, from the University of Surrey, said: “The wrong beliefs linking egg eating to high blood cholesterol and heart disease must be corrected ．The amount of fat in our diet has an effect on blood cholesterol that is several times greater than the relatively small amounts of cholesterol found in eggs．The UK public do not need to be limiting the number of eggs they eat．They can be encouraged to include them in a healthy diet as they are one of nature’s most nutritious foods．”‎ The British Heart Foundation dropped its three-egg-a-week limit in 2005．However, almost half of Britons believe the limit still applies．‎ ‎53．From the text we know that Ace inhibitors are ．‎ A．a kind of medicine B．a kind of protein ‎ C．a kind of illness D．a kind of food ‎54．According to what Professor Bruce said, eggs ．‎ A．are the most nutritious food． ‎ B．have no effect on blood cholesterol C．can be included in a healthy diet ‎ D．are forbidden to be eaten in the UK ‎55．We can infer from the text that ．‎ A．drugs to lower blood pressure will be replaced by eating eggs B．stomach enzymes mixed with eggs can cure heart diseases ‎ C．most Britons agree the three-egg-a-week limit should be dropped D．about 50% of Britons think eating an egg a day is bad for their health ‎56．The text is meant ．‎ A．to introduce scientific findings about eggs B．to introduce a medicine made from eggs C．to tell people how to lower their blood pressure D．to advise people to eat as many eggs as possible ‎7、 A new generation addiction is quickly spreading all over the world. Weboholism, a twentieth century disease, affects people from different ages. They surf the net, use e-mail and speak in chat rooms. They spend many hours on the computer, and it becomes a compulsive habit. They cannot stop, and it affects their lives. ‎ ‎ Ten years ago, no one thought that using computers could become compulsive behavior that could affect the social and physical life of computer users. This obsessional behavior has affected teenagers and college students. They are likely to log on computers and spend long hours at different websites. ‎ ‎ They become hooked on computers and gradually their social and school life is affected by this situation. They spend all free time surfing and don’t concentrate on homework, so this addiction influences their grades and success at school. Because they can find everything on the websites, they hang out there. Moreover, this addiction to websites influences their social life. ‎ ‎ They spend more time in front of computers than with their friends. The relation with their friends changes. The virtual life becomes more important than their real life. They have a new language that they speak in the chat rooms and it causes cultural changes in society. ‎ ‎ Because of the change in their behavior, they begin to isolate themselves from the society and live with their virtual friends. They share their emotions and feelings with friends who they have never met in their life. Although they feel confident on the computer, they are not confident with real live friends they have known all their life. It is a problem for the future. This addictive behavior is beginning to affect all the world. ‎ ‎1. The author’s attitude towards weboholism is that of being______. ‎ A. optimistic B. positive ‎ C. oppositive D. acceptable ‎ ‎2. The main idea of the passage is about__________. ‎ A. the cause of weboholism B. the advantage of weboholism C. the popularity of weboholism D. the influence of weboholism ‎3. The underlined word “obsessional” in the second paragraph most probably means “________”. ‎ A. attractive B. addictive C. professional D. potential ‎4. We can infer from the passage that_______. ‎ A. weboholism has the greatest effect on teenagers B. students can hardly balance real and virtual life C. people are addicted to games on the Internet D. virtual life is more vivid and attractive anyway ‎5. Which of the following is NOT true of weboholism? ‎ A. It contributes to the development of the web. ‎ B. The chat room language may change social culture. ‎ C. The problem will be getting more and more serious later. ‎ D. People addicted to the web often become inactive in real life. ‎ 答案 ‎1、BDDA ‎2、BCAD 3、BACB 4、C DCC 5、ACDC 6、ACDA ‎7、【文章大意】网络狂热(weboholism)对不同年龄段的人都有影响，并且也在影响着整个世界。‎ ‎1【解析】选C。观点态度题。从整篇文章看，作者主要提到weboholism对社会和网络狂们的负面影响，故作者对weboholism持反对态度。‎ ‎2【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章第一段阐明了weboholism对不同年龄的人们的影响。下文也是围绕此话题展开的。‎ ‎3【解析】选B。词义猜测题。obsessional意为“着迷的”。B项意为“上瘾的”，故选B。A项意为“吸引人的”，C项意为“专业的”，D项意为“潜在的”。句意：这种上瘾的行为已经影响了青少年和大学生。‎ ‎4【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断B项正确。‎ ‎5【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可推断B项对，根据文章最后两句可知C项正确。根据倒数第二段中的The virtual life becomes more important than their real life. 以及最后一段可知D项正确。文章主要提到weboholism对社会和网络狂们的影响，并没有提到它促进网络的发展。‎ ‎【真题在线】‎ ‎1、（2010·江西卷·D ）‎ Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, aircraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster each new computer boasts（吹嘘）of saving precious seconds in handling tasks.‎ All this saves time, but at a prick. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have then danger according to some scientists; too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about. ‎ However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imaginations take us into another world.‎ There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced; they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.‎ ‎68. The new products become more and more time-saving because _________. .‎ A. our love on speed seems never-ending B. time is limited C. the prices are increasingly high D. the manufacturers boast a lot ‎69. What does “the days” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Imaginary life B. Simple life in the past C. Times of inventions D. Time for constant activity ‎70. What is the author’s attitude towards the modern technology?‎ A. Critical B. Objective C. Optimistic D. Negative ‎71. What does the passage mainly discuss?‎ A. The present and past times B. Machinery and human beings C. Imaginations and inventions D. Modern technology and its influence ‎2、 （2010·辽宁卷·D）‎ On May 23, 1989, Stefania Follini came out from a cave at Carlsbad, New Mexico. She hadn’t seen the sun for eighteen and a half weeks. Stefania was in a research program, and the scientists in the program were studying body rhythms (节奏). In this experiment Stefania had spent 130 days in a cave, 30 feet in depth.‎ During her time in the cave, Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice. Her living place had been very comfortable, but there had been nothing to tell her the time. She’d had no clocks or watches, no television or radio. There had been no natural light and the temperature had always been kept at ‎21℃‎.‎ The results were very interesting. Stefania had been in the cave for over four months, but she thought she had been there for only two. Her body clock had changed. She hadn't kept to a 24-hour day. She had stayed awake for 20-25 hours and then had slept for 10 hours. She had eaten fewer meals and had lost ‎17lbs in weight as a result! She had also become rather depressed (抑郁).‎ How had she spent her time in the cave? As part of the experiment she'd done some physical and mental tests. She'd recorded her daily activities and the results of the tests on a computer. This computer had been specially programmed for the project. Whenever she was free, she'd played cards, read books and listened to music. She'd also learned French from tapes.‎ The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. For example, the pattern of day and night makes us wake up and go to sleep. However, people are affected in different ways. Some people wake up naturally at 5:00 am, but others don't start to wake up till 9:00 or 10;00 am. This affects the whole daily rhythm. As a result, the early risers are at their ‎ best in the late morning. The late risers, on the other hand, are tired during the day and only come to life in the afternoon or evening!‎ ‎68. Stefania stayed in the cave for a long time because___________.‎ A. she was asked to do research on mice B. she wanted to experience loneliness C. she was the subject of a study D. she needed to record her life ‎69. What is a cause for the change of Stefania’s body clock?‎ A. Eating fewer meals. B. Having more hours of sleep C. Lacking physical exercise. D. Getting no natural light.‎ ‎70. Where does the text probably come from?‎ A. A novel. B. A news story.‎ C. A pet magazine. D. A travel guide ‎3、（2010·湖北卷·E篇）‎ Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠) . It’s too bad that humans can’t hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did.‎ Apparently, at times in the past, peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation . So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end. ‎ In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radio’s The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb.‎ When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours’ uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.‎ In the past , without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours .‎ According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a ‎ disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.‎ Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn’t help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night’s continuous sleep, which sounds natural ; however, according to Warren’s theory，it is really the opposite of what we need.‎ ‎67. The example of the French peasants shows the fact that________.‎ ‎ A. people might become lazy as a result of too much sleep ‎ B. there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habits ‎ C.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weather ‎ D. winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end ‎68. The late night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for people______.‎ ‎ A. to set traps to catch animals B. to wake up their family and neighbours ‎ C. to remind others of the time D. to guard against possible dangers ‎69. What does the author advise people to do ?‎ ‎ A. Sleep in the way animals do. B. Consult a doctor if they can’t sleep.‎ ‎ C. Follow their natural sleep rhythm. D. Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.‎ ‎70.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A.To give a prescription for insomnia. B.To urge people to sleep less.‎ C.To analyze the sleep pattern of modern people. D.To throw new light on human sleep.‎ ‎4、（2010·陕西卷·A）‎ ‎ Ask Dr ? Jeffers This month Dr. Jeffers is answering questions ‎ about the human brain and how it works.‎ Dear Dr. Jeffers, ‎ One of my colleagues, Felix Moeller, told me that scientists are learning to use computer to ‘read minds’. Is there any truth to this story/‎ ‎—Jane Leon, New York, USA Dear Ms. Leon,‎ Well, a lot of research is being conducted in this area, but so far, the brain scanning equipment and corresponding computer programs haven’t been able to actually read thoughts. In one experiment, test subjects（受试者）were ‎ connected to scanning equipment and shown two numbers on a screen. They ‎ were then asked to choose between adding or subtracting（减）the two ‎ numbers. Using this method, researchers were able to follow brain processes and make the correct assumptions（假设）70 percent of the time. It’s not quite ‎ mind reading, but it’s certainly a first step.‎ ‎—Dr. J.‎ Dear Dr. Jeffers, ‎ My three-year-old son loves it when I dig my fingers into his sides and ‎ tickle （胳肢）him until he laughs uncontrollably. The other day I noticed ‎ him trying to tickle himself but he couldn’t do it. Why not?‎ ‎—Glenn Lewis, Vancouver, Canada Dear Mr. Lewis,‎ It’s because of how the brain works. The brain is trained to know what to ‎ pay attention to and what to ignore. It causes us to ignore physical feelings we ‎ expect to happen, but it causes a mild panic reaction when there is an ‎ unexpected feeling. For example, you don’t notice how your shoulder feels ‎ while you’re walking down the street. But if someone comes up behind you ‎ and touches you lightly on the shoulder, you may jump in fear. It’s that ‎ unexpected part that causes the tickle reaction.‎ ‎—Dr. J.‎ ‎46.What can we learn from the answer to the first question? ‎ A. Some equipment is able to read human minds. B. Some progress has been made in mind reading.‎ C. Test subjects have been used to make decisions. D. Computer programs can copy brain processes.‎ ‎47.People laugh when tickled by others because the feeling is _______. ‎ A. unexpected B.expected C. comfortable D. uncomfortable ‎48.Who has got a little child according to the text? ‎ A. Ms. Leon B. Mr. Lewis C. Mr. Moeller D. Dr. Jeffers ‎49.According to the text, Jeffers is probably _______. ‎ A. a computer programmer B. a test subject C. a human brain expert D. a medical doctor ‎5、（2010·山东卷·C）‎ Rae Armantrout, who has been a poetry professor at the University of California San Diego(UCSD) for two decades, has won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category for her most recent book, “Versed”.‎ ‎“I’m delighted and amazed at how much media recognition that the Pulitzer brings, as compared to even the National Book Critics Award, which I was also surprised and delighted to win,” said Armantrout.‎ ‎“For a long time, my writing has been just below the media radar, and to have this kind of attention, suddenly, with my 10th book, is really surprising.”‎ Armantrout, a native Californian, received her bachelor’s degree at UC Berkeley, where she studied with noted poet Denise Levertov, and her master’s in creative writing from San Francisco State University. She is a founding member of Language Poets, a group in American poetry that analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think. ‎ In March, she won the National Book Critics Circle Award for “Versed.” ‎ ‎“This book has gotten more attention,” Armantrout said, “but I don’t feel as if it’s better.”‎ The first half of “Versed” focuses on the dark forces taking hold of the United States as it fought the war against Iraq. The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006.‎ Armantrout was shocked to learn she had won the Pulitzer but many of her colleagues were not. “Rae Armantrout is a unique voice in American poetry,” said Seth Lerer, head of Arts and Humanities at UCSD. ‎ ‎“Versed”, published by the Wesleyan University Press, did appear in a larger printing than her earlier works, which is about 2,700 copies. The new edition is scheduled to appear in May.‎ ‎66. According to Rae Armantrout, ____________.‎ A. her 10th book is much better B. her winning the Pulitzer is unexpected C. the media is surprised at her works D. she likes being recognized by her readers ‎67. Which of the following is true of Rae Armantrout?‎ A. She published a poetry textbook. B. She used to teach Denise Levertov.‎ C. She started a poets’ group with others. D. She taught creative writing at UC Berkeley.‎ ‎68. What can we learn about “Versed”?‎ A. It consists of three parts. B. It is mainly about the American army.‎ C. It is a book published two decades ago. D. It partly concerns the poet’s own life.‎ ‎69. Rae Armantrout’s colleagues think that she ____________.‎ A. should write more B. has a sweet voice C. deserves the prize D. is a strange professor ‎70. What can we learn from the text? ‎ A. About 2,700 copies of “Versed” will be printed.‎ B. Cancer made Armantrout stop writing.‎ C. Armantrout got her degrees at UCSD.‎ D. “Versed” has been awarded twice.‎ ‎6、（2009· 辽宁高考）‎ ‎ What is eBay? The simple answer is that it is a global trading platform where nearly anyone can trade practically anything. People can sell and buy all kinds of products and goods, including cars, movies and DVDs, sporting goods, travel tickets, musical instruments, clothes and shoes—the list goes on and on. ‎ ‎ The idea came from Peter Omidyar, who was born in Paris and moved to Washington when he was still a child. At high school, he became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from Tuft University in 1988, he worked for the next few years as a computer engineer. In his free time he started eBay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade（升级） and he began charging a fee to members. Joined by a friend, Peter Skoll, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. Even in the great. com crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet. ‎ ‎ eBay sells connections, not goods, putting buyer and seller into contact with each other. All you have to do is take an e-photo, write a description, fill out a sales form and you’re in business: the world is your market place. Of course for each item （商品）sold eBay gets ‎ a percentage and that is a great deal of money. Every day there are more than sixteen million items listed on eBay and eighty percent of the items are sold. ‎ ‎13. We learn from the text that eBay provides people with___________. ‎ ‎ A. a way of buying and selling goods ‎ ‎ B. a website for them to upgrade ‎ ‎ C. a place to exhibit their own photos ‎ ‎ D. a chance to buy things at low prices ‎ ‎14. Why did Peter create eBay after graduating from university? ‎ ‎ A. For fun. ‎ ‎ B. To make money. ‎ ‎ C. For gathering the engineers. ‎ ‎ D. To fulfill a task of his company. ‎ ‎15. From “he has never looked back ”in Paragraph 2 we learn that Peter__________. ‎ ‎ A. did not feel lonely ‎ ‎ B. was always hopeful ‎ ‎ C. did not think about the past ‎ ‎ D. became more and more successful ‎ ‎16. How does eBay make money from its website? ‎ ‎ A. By bringing callers together. ‎ ‎ B. By charging for each sale. ‎ ‎ C. By listing items online. ‎ ‎ D. By making e-photos. ‎ ‎7、（2009·江西高考）‎ ‎ The surprising experiment I am about to describe proves that air is all around you and that it presses down upon you. Air pressure is a powerful force. When you swim underwater, you can feel water pushing on your body. The air all around you does the same. However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice this. The pressure is caused by a layer of air called the atmosphere. This layer surrounds the Earth, extending to about five kilometers above the Earth’s surface. ‎ ‎ The following experiment is an easy one that you can do at home. But make sure that you are supervised, because you will need to use matches. Now for the experiment！ ‎ ‎ What you need ‎ ‎ ·A hard-boiled egg without the shell ‎ ‎ ·A bottle with a neck slightly smaller than the egg ‎ ‎ ·A piece of paper ‎ ‎ ·A match ‎ ‎ Method ‎ 1） Check that the egg will sit firmly on the neck of the bottle. ‎ ‎ 2） Tear the paper into strips and put the strips into the bottle. ‎ ‎ 3） Light the paper by dropping a burning match into the bottle. ‎ ‎ 4） Quickly sit the egg on the neck of the bottle. ‎ ‎ Result ‎ ‎ Astonishingly, the egg will be sucked into the bottle. Your friends will be amazed when you show them the experiment. But be careful when you handle matches. ‎ ‎ Why it happened ‎ ‎ As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen （air） in the bottle. The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside. This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle. The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle. The outside air presses against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! This proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down on us. ‎ ‎1. Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment? ‎ ‎ A. The bottle could break. ‎ ‎ B. You need to light the paper with a match. ‎ ‎ C. The egg needs to be shelled. ‎ ‎ D. The egg has to be perfectly placed on the neck of the bottle. ‎ ‎2. In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can______. ‎ ‎ A. equalize the air pressure inside and outside ‎ ‎ B. make a seal in the neck of the bottle ‎ ‎ C. finish up the oxygen inside the bottle ‎ ‎ D. produce more oxygen inside the bottle ‎ ‎3. How did the egg get into the bottle？ ‎ ‎ A. The oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in. ‎ ‎ B. It became soft without the shell. ‎ ‎ C. The neck of the bottle was wide enough. ‎ ‎ D. The outside air pressure forced it into the bottle. ‎ ‎4. The experiment is carried out to prove________ . ‎ ‎ A. water pushes on your body when you swim underwater ‎ B. the earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere ‎ C. the pressure of air around us has a powerful force D. the air pressure is not equalized around us 答案 ‎1、【文章大意】 现代科技发明以惊人的速度提高着人们的生活，但同时也带来了一些负面影响。那我们该如何利用发明节省下来的时间？这正是本文作者想要告诉我们的。‎ ‎68. 〔解析〕选A. 细节理解题。根据第一自然段“ Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending.”可知A项正确。‎ ‎69. 〔解析〕选B细节理解题。根据后文提到的“when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imaginations take us into another world.”可知是那种生活简单的日子。‎ ‎70. 〔命题立意〕推理判断题 ‎〔解析〕选B.一方面作者对于现代发明给人们带来的便利予以肯定，另一方面又承认了它的负面影响，所以作者的观点是中立的、客观的。‎ ‎71. 〔解析〕选D.‎ ‎ 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了现代发明提高了人们的生活以及人们该如何处理它所带来的负面影响，故选D。‎ ‎2、【文章大意】本文通过一项研究表明人的生物钟是受光线和温度影响的。‎ ‎68. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中Stefania was in a research program, and the scientists in the program were studying body rhythms (节奏)。以及第四段中As part of the experiment she'd done some physical and mental tests. She'd recorded her daily activities and the results of the tests on a computer.，可知她是被实验对象，即 the subject of a study.‎ ‎69. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中There had been no natural light and the temperature had always been kept at ‎21℃‎.以及最后一段的The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature.可知是因为得不到自然光线使得她的生物钟发生了变化。‎ ‎70. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。从全文的内容来看，本文主要报道了一个实验及实验得出的结果，所以由此判断本文可能来自于新闻报道，A项小说不可能。因为文章没有小说的特点；C项不正确，本文没有涉及宠物问题；D项不正确，因为本文也没涉及旅游的问题 ‎3、【文章大意】本文介绍了一些睡眠专家的研究成果这对人们如何对待睡眠习惯有所启示。属于科普类说明文。‎ ‎67．【解析】选B。细节推断题。根据第二段讲述的内容，联系第一段最后一句分析推定B项符合题意。C项为干扰项，但原文未做比较而且也不符合中心。‎ ‎68. 【解析】选D。细节推断题。由第五段中最后一句…It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals ,although many of them simply … .直接推断出正确答案为D。‎ ‎69. 【解析】选C。细节推断题。综合分析最后一段内容可知作者建议人们遵循自然睡眠规律，因此，C项符合题意。‎ ‎70. 【解析】选D。主旨意图题。根据各段的main idea综合分析即可得出结论。‎ para.1 lead in the topic—human sleep. para.2 an example for human hibernating. ‎ Para.3-5 different types of human sleep.‎ para.6 as for insomnia and another state of consciousness ‎ para.7 advice on human sleep.‎ ‎ 此题也可用排除法排除A、B、C均为片面性。‎ ‎4、 46.【解析】选B。由but so far, the brain scanning equipment and corresponding computer programs haven’t been able to actually read thoughts.可知这种大脑扫描设备和相应的程序并不能真正地明白人的想法，排除A项；由下面的They were then asked to choose between adding or subtracting（减）the two ‎ numbers.可知研究者们让这些受试者在这两个数字的相加和相减之间做出选择，并不是做出什么决定，可排除C。由下面一句可知，在70%的时间里，电脑能复制人脑的思维过程，并不是全部，可排除。由第二封电子邮件的末尾我们可知，这尽管不是真正地知道人的思相，但确实在这方面迈出了第一步，所以C项正确。‎ ‎47.【解析】选A。由第四封电子邮件的第二三句话和最后一句话可知，当人们被别人胳肢时会笑，是因为被别人胳肢的感觉是突如其来的，是没有预料到的。‎ ‎48.【解析】选B。在第二封电子邮件中，Glenn Lewis提到了他三岁的儿子的事，所以选B。‎ ‎49.【解析】选C。由文章的右上角的那句话This month Dr. Jeffers is answering questions about the human brain and how it works.我们知道Jeffers是研究人的大脑方面的专家。‎ ‎5、【文章大意】本篇为新闻报道类人物介绍，向读者介绍2010年美国普得策文学奖得主Rae Armantrout及他的文学作品。‎ ‎66. 【解析】选B。 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的叙述可知，Armantrout对自己获得普利策文学奖很惊讶，故B项正确。‎ ‎67. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的She is a founding member of Language Poets, a group in American poetry可知，C项正确。‎ ‎68. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章中的“The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006. ”可知，D项正确。‎ ‎69. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章中的倒数第二段可知，C项正确。‎ ‎70.【解析】选D。归纳判断题。根据文章中的won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category for her most recent book, “Versed”.以及In March, she won the National Book Critics Circle Award for “Versed.”可知D项正确。‎ ‎6、【文章大意】eBay是进行全球贸易的网络平台，你可以通过它买到任何你所需的商品，大到汽车小到一双鞋子，你只要轻点鼠标就可以买到。‎ ‎13.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段可知。‎ ‎14.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的In his free time he started eBay as a kind of hobby. . . 可知。‎ ‎15.【解析】选D。句意理解题。句中的look back在此处意为“倒退”，作此意时常用于否定句。另外也可根据句子后面的两句推知：他的eBay发展得越来越好。‎ ‎16.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Of course for each item sold eBay gets a percentage and that is a great deal of money. 可知。‎ ‎7、【文章大意】本文通过一个小实验向我们证明周围空气的气压是非常强大的。‎ ‎1.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句But make sure that you are supervised, because you ‎ will need to use matches. 可知。‎ ‎【思路点拨】做事实细节题时，先浏览一遍题目，把题目的要求储存在大脑中，带着疑问快速去阅读，然后找出与题目相关的信息词句加以理解分析，去伪存真。 这样可以有效避免细节理解题的失误，不轻易陷入高考题所设下的“陷阱”。要注意排除干扰项，因为有些干扰项在文中也能找到依据，但关键是弄清楚这些干扰项是否符合题目的要求。例如，此题的题干是问在做实验时为什么需要有人照顾，先找出题干是针对原文第二段中的But make sure that you are supervised, because you’ll need to use matches. 进行提问，这样就准确找到答案了。‎ ‎2.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen(air)in the bottle. 可知。‎ ‎3.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知。‎ ‎4.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一句与最后一句可知：这个实验的目的就是证明空气就在我们周围，对我们施加压力，并且这种气压是非常强大的。‎