专题01+考核目标与要求-2018年高考英语考试大纲解读

专题01+考核目标与要求-2018年高考英语考试大纲解读

‎2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语）‎ 考核目标与要求解读 一、语言知识 要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为 3500 左右。‎ ‎【解读】‎ 短短46个字，却蕴含了极大的信息量，高考所考的词汇、语法、话题等已全部包括。‎ 牢牢抓住 “稳中有变，重在稳” 的特点 纵观近几年全国卷英语试题，皆基于英语学科必备知识、关键能力、学科素养及核心价值命制，突出基础性、综合性、应用性和创新性的考查。‎ 选材难度水平呈阶梯分布，题目类型多样且难易搭配合理，考查要点覆盖面广，但难度基本保持一致，试题不偏不倚，不奇不怪，考查英语核心基础知识和基本技能，平时一些模棱两可或较难的语言现象不要纠结，坚决抛弃，如behavior是可数还是不可数名词; 是in a condition还是in condition等。 ‎ 一些偏难、偏怪、生词量较大、话题太偏离学生太远的阅读训练都不是正确的训练路子。‎ 语音项目表 ‎1. 基本读音 ‎(1) 26 个字母的读音 ‎(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音 ‎(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音 ‎(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 ‎(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音 ‎(6) 辅音字母组合的读音 ‎(7) 辅音连缀的读音 ‎(8) 成节音的读音 ‎2. 重音 ‎(1) 单词重音 ‎(2) 句子重音 ‎3. 读音的变化 ‎(1) 连读 ‎(2) 失去爆破 ‎(3) 弱读 ‎(4) 同化 ‎4. 语调与节奏 ‎(1) 意群与停顿 ‎(2) 语调 ‎(3) 节奏 ‎5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用 ‎6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧 ‎7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异 ‎【解读】‎ ‎ 掌握英语语音对于听力理解和口语是非常重要的。‎ 语法项目表 ‎1. 名词 ‎(1) 可数名词及其单复数 (2) 不可数名词 ‎(3) 专有名词 (4) 名词所有格 ‎2. 代词 ‎(1) 人称代词 (2) 物主代词 (3) 反身代词 ‎(4) 指示代词 (5) 不定代词 (6) 疑问代词 ‎3. 数词 ‎(1) 基数词 (2) 序数词 ‎4. 介词和介词短语 ‎5. 连词 ‎6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)‎ ‎7. 副词(比较级和最高级)‎ ‎8. 冠词 ‎9. 动词 ‎(1) 动词的基本形式 (2) 系动词 ‎(3) 及物动词和不及物动词 (4) 助动词 ‎(5) 情态动词 ‎10. 时态 ‎(1) 一般现在时 (2) 一般过去时 (3) 一般将来时 ‎(4) 现在进行时 (5) 过去进行时 (6) 过去将来时 ‎(7) 将来进行时 (8) 现在完成时 (9) 过去完成时 ‎(10) 现在完成进行时 ‎11. 被动语态 ‎12. 非谓语动词 ‎(1) 动词不定式 (2) 动词的-ing 形式 (3) 动词的-ed 形式 ‎13. 构词法 ‎(1) 合成法 (2) 派生法 (3) 转化法 (4) 缩写和简写 ‎14. 句子种类 ‎(1) 陈述句 (2) 疑问句 (3) 祈使句 (4) 感叹句 ‎15. 句子成分 ‎(1) 主语 (2) 谓语 (3) 表语 (4) 宾语 ‎(5) 定语 (6) 状语 (7) 补语 ‎16. 简单句的基本句型 ‎17. 主谓一致 ‎18. 并列复合句 ‎19. 主从复合句 ‎(1) 宾语从句 (2) 状语从句 (3) 定语从句 ‎(4) 主语从句 (5) 表语从句 ‎20. 间接引语 ‎21. 省略 ‎22. 倒装 ‎23. 强调 ‎24. 虚拟语气 ‎【解读】‎ 以上语法项目包含了高中所学的重要语法项目，有利于高考备考。这些语法项目常见于单项填空、语法填空、完形填空和短文改错等题型中。‎ 核心语法，构建网络，不纠缠“偏难怪”‎ 词法、句法、章法是语法的灵魂，对于这三个要素要形成体系，不要支离破碎地学习，尽量掌握核心内容，不要把重心放在“偏难怪”且有争议的语法现象上。可以制作一个语法知识本，以梳理核心语法知识，形成自己的知识网络，进而提升借助语法进行阅读和写作的能力。‎ 如牢记常见的不可数名词，如advice, equipment, evidence, fun, furniture,  information, luck, news, luggage/baggage, progress等 牢记核心的词形变化，如warm—warmth, argue—argument, strong—strength, just—justice, unjust—injustice, explain—explanation等。‎ 功能意念项目表 ‎1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)‎ ‎(1) 问候 (Greetings)‎ ‎(2) 介绍 (Introduction)‎ ‎(3) 告别 (Farewells )‎ ‎(4) 感谢 (Thanks )‎ ‎(5) 道歉 (Apologies)‎ ‎(6) 邀请 (Invitation)‎ ‎(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)‎ ‎(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)‎ ‎(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)‎ ‎(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)‎ ‎(11) 约会 (Making appointments)‎ ‎(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)‎ ‎(13) 就餐 (Having meals)‎ ‎(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)‎ ‎(15) 购物 (Shopping)‎ ‎(16) 问路 (Asking the way)‎ ‎(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)‎ ‎(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)‎ ‎(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)‎ ‎(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)‎ ‎(21) 劝告 (Advice)‎ ‎(22) 建议 (Suggestions)‎ ‎2. 态度 (Attitudes)‎ ‎(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)‎ ‎(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)‎ ‎(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)‎ ‎(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)‎ ‎(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)‎ ‎(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)‎ ‎(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)‎ ‎(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)‎ ‎(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)‎ ‎(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)‎ ‎(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)‎ ‎(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)‎ ‎3. 情感 (Emotions)‎ ‎(35) 高兴 (Happiness)‎ ‎(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)‎ ‎(37) 忧虑 (Worries)‎ ‎(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)‎ ‎(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)‎ ‎(40) 遗憾 (Regret)‎ ‎(41) 同情 (Sympathy)‎ ‎(42) 恐惧 (Fear)‎ ‎(43) 愤怒 (Anger)‎ ‎4. 时间 (Time)‎ ‎(44) 时刻 (Point of time)‎ ‎(45) 时段 (Duration)‎ ‎(46) 频度 (Frequency)‎ ‎(47) 时序 (Sequence)‎ ‎5. 空间 (Space)‎ ‎(48) 位置 (Position)‎ ‎(49) 方向 (Direction)‎ ‎(50) 距离 (Distance)‎ ‎6. 存在 (Existence)‎ ‎(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence)‎ ‎7. 特征 (Features)‎ ‎(52) 形状 (Shape)‎ ‎(53) 颜色 (Colour)‎ ‎(54) 材料 (Material)‎ ‎(55) 价格 (Price)‎ ‎(56) 规格 (Size)‎ ‎(57) 年龄 (Age)‎ ‎8. 计量 (Measurement)‎ ‎(58) 长度 (Length)‎ ‎(59) 宽度 (Width)‎ ‎(60) 高度 (Height)‎ ‎(61) 数量 (Number)‎ ‎9. 比较 (Comparison)‎ ‎(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)‎ ‎(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)‎ ‎(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference)‎ ‎10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)‎ ‎(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)‎ ‎(66) 目的 (Purpose)‎ ‎11. 职业 (Occupations)‎ ‎(67) 工作 (Jobs)‎ ‎(68) 单位 (Employer)‎ ‎【解读】‎ 功能意念项目表所列项目中，常见的考试形式主要是听力和口语考试，听力考试在高考中所占分量很大，占总分值150分的五分之一（30分）。‎ 话题项目表 ‎1. 个人情况 (Personal information)‎ ‎2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)‎ ‎3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)‎ ‎4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)‎ ‎5. 学校生活 (School life)‎ ‎6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)‎ ‎7. 个人感情 (Emotions)‎ ‎8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)‎ ‎9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)‎ ‎10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)‎ ‎11. 购物 (Shopping)‎ ‎12. 饮食 (Food and drink)‎ ‎13. 健康 (Health)‎ ‎14. 天气 (Weather)‎ ‎15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)‎ ‎16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)‎ ‎17. 语言学习 (Language learning)‎ ‎18. 自然 (Nature)‎ ‎19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)‎ ‎20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)‎ ‎21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)‎ ‎22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)‎ ‎23. 社会 (Society)‎ ‎24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)‎ ‎【解读】‎ 在以上24个话题中，分布于高考各种题型中，掌握了解24个话题，在复习练习中可有的放矢，少走弯路。‎ 把 “宝” 牢牢押在核心话题和核心素养上 关注中国优秀传统文化、讲好中国故事的话题；关注人类命运共同体的话题；了解科学知识，养成科学精神和人怀关怀的话题都是英语全国卷考查的核心话题。‎ 所选阅读和写作话题将基于英语学科的“载体功能”进行命题，体现英语的能力载体功能、思维载体功能、文化载体功能、视野载体功能，以构建社会主义核心价值观，弘扬社会正能量为命题总立意，立体浸透英语学科核心素养（语言能力、文化品格、思维品质和学习能力）。‎ 词汇表（附后）‎ 二、语言运用 ‎1．听力 要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：‎ ‎（1）理解主旨要义；‎ ‎（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；‎ ‎（3）对所听内容做出推断；‎ ‎（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。‎ ‎【解读】‎ 全国卷听力部分分为两节：第一节共5小题，第二节共15小题。考生将听到5段简短的对话(一般为一问一答的形式)和5段较长的对话或独白，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节的5个小题主要考查考生理解简单的事实性信息和进行简单的推理判断和计算的能力；第二节主要考查考生对材料的整体理解能力，要求考生理解对话或独白的主旨、要义，获取事实性的具体信息，对对话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能作出简单的推理判断，理解说话者的意图、观点或态度等。‎ ‎2．阅读 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，‎ 并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：‎ ‎（1）理解主旨要义；‎ ‎（2）理解文中具体信息；‎ ‎（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；‎ ‎（4）做出判断和推理；‎ ‎（5）理解文章的基本结构；‎ ‎（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。‎ ‎　‎ ‎【解读】‎ 阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：‎ ‎ 1. 理解主旨和要义 ‎ 每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。‎ ‎ 2. 理解文中具体信息 ‎　　文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节信息对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取，有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。‎ ‎ 3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义 ‎　　阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。‎ ‎ 4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理 ‎　　在实际的阅读活动中，常常需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势等。这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要构成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。‎ ‎ 5. 理解文章的基本结构 ‎　  阅读文章需要具备一定的语篇知识。文章作者常常会使用各种衔接手段使行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解文章，必须把握住全篇的基本结构，理清上下文的衔接关系，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。‎ ‎ 6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度 ‎　　每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，读者需要在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。‎ ‎3．写作 要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：‎ ‎（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；‎ ‎（2）有效运用所学语言知识。‎ ‎【解读】‎ 写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：‎ ‎ 1.准确使用语法和词汇 ‎　　语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或问接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。‎ ‎ 2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思 任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，使用合适的句型、词组等，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。‎ ‎4．口语 要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能：‎ ‎（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；‎ ‎（2）做到语音、语调自然；‎ ‎（3）做到语言运用得体；‎ ‎（4）使用有效的交际策略。‎ ‎ 词汇表 A a(an) art abandon v ability n able a abnormal a aboard prep abolish v abortion n about ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroad ad abrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent n accept v access n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre n across prep act n & v action n active a activity n actor n actress n actual a acute a AD abbr ad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation n add v addicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt v adore v adult n advance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice n advise v advocate v affair n affect v affection n afford v afraid a Africa n African a & n after ad,prep & conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again ad against prep age n agency n agenda n agent n aggressive a ago ad agree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead ad aid n & v AIDS n aim n & v air n aircraft n airline n airmail n airplane n airport n airspace n alarm n & v ‎13‎ album n alcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra n alike ad alive a all ad,a & pron ‎ allergic a alley n allocate v allow v allowance n almost ad alone a along ad & prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet n already ad also ad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium ‎(Am aluminum) n always ad am v(be)‎ a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur a amaze v amazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample a amuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient a and conj anecdote n anger n angle n angry a animal n ankle n anniversary n announce v annoy v annual a another a & pron ‎ answer n & v ant n Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious a any pron & a anybody pron ‎ anyhow ad anyone pron ‎ anything pron ‎ anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron n arbitrary a arch n architect n architecture n Arctic a are v(be)‎ area n argue v argument n arise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic n arm n & v armchair n army n around ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest v arrival n arrive v arrow n art n article n artificial a artist n as ad,conj & prep ash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a & n aside ad ask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend v attention n attitude n attract v attraction n attractive a audience n aunt n authentic a author n authority n automatic a autonomous a autumn n available a avenue n average a & n avoid v awake(awoke,awoken) v & a award n aware a away ad awesome a awful a awkward a B baby n bachelor n back ad,a & n background n backward(s) ad bacon n bacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton n bag n baggage n bakery n balance n balcony n ball n ballet n balloon n bamboo n ban n & v banana n band n bandage n bank n bar n barbecue n barber n barbershop n bare a bargain n & v bark v & n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic a basin n basis n basket n basketball n bat n bath n bathe v bathroom n bathtub n battery n battle n bay n BC abbr be(am,is,are,was,‎ were,being,been) v beach n bean n bean curd n bear1 n bear2 v beard n beast n beat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful a beauty n because conj become(became, become) v bed n beddings n bedroom n bee n beef n beer n before prep,ad&conj beg v begin(began,begun) v behalf n behave v behaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & ad being n belief n believe v bell n belly n belong v below prep belt n bench n bend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficial a benefit n & v bent a & n beside prep besides prep & ad betray v between prep beyond prep bicycle n bid v & n big a bike=bicycle n bill n bingo n biochemistry n biography n biology n bird n birth n birthday n birthplace n biscuit n bishop n bit n bite(bit,bitten) v bitter a black a & n blackboard n blame n & v blank n & a blanket n bleed v bless v blind a block n & v blood n blouse n blow(blew,blown) v blue n & a board n & v boat n body n boil v bomb n & v bond n & v bone n bonus n book n & v boom n & v boot n booth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a & pron ‎ bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v brain n brake n & v branch n brand n brave a bravery n bread n break(broke,broken) v & n breakfast n breakthrough n breast n breath n breathe v breathless a brewery n brick n bride n bridegroom n bridge n brief a bright a brilliant a bring(brought,brought) v broad a broadcast(broadcast,‎ broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v brochure n broken a broom n brother n brown n & a ‎19‎ brunch n brush v & n Buddhism n budget n buffet n build(built,built) v building n bunch n bungalow n burden n bureaucratic a burglar n burn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed) v & n burst v bury v bus n bush n business n businessman/woman ‎(pl businessmen/ women) n busy a but conj & prep butcher n & v butter n butterfly n button n & v buy(bought,bought) v by prep bye int C cab n cabbage n cafe n cafeteria n cage n cake n calculate v call n & v calm a & v camel n camera n camp n & v campaign n can1‎ ‎(could);‎ can’t=cannot modal v can2 n canal n cancel v cancer n candidate n candle n candy n canteen n cap n capital n capsule n captain n caption n car n carbon n card n care n & v careful a careless a carpenter n carpet n carriage n carrier n carrot n carry v cartoon n carve v case n cash n & v cassette n cast(cast,cast) v castle n casual a cat n catalogue n catastrophe n catch(caught,caught) v category n cater v Catholic a cattle n cause n & v caution n cautious a cave n CD=compact disk n ceiling n celebrate v celebration n cell n cent n centigrade a centimetre ‎(Am centimeter) n central a centre(Am center) n century n ceremony n certain a certificate n chain n chair n chairman/woman ‎(pl chairmen/women) n chalk n challenge n challenging a champion n chance n change n & v changeable a channel n chant v & n chaos n chapter n character n characteristic a & n ‎21‎ charge v & n chart n chat n & v cheap a cheat n & v check n & v cheek n cheer n & v cheerful a cheers int cheese n chef n chemical a & n chemist n chemistry n cheque(Am check) n chess n chest n chew v chicken n chief a & n child(pl children) n childhood n chocolate n choice n choir n choke n & v choose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks n chorus n Christian n Christmas n church n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n & v circuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen n city n civil a civilian n civilization n clap v clarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw n clay n clean v & a cleaner n clear a clerk n clever a click v climate n climb v clinic n clock n clone v close a & ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach n coal n coast n coat n cocoa n coffee n coin n coincidence n coke n cold a & n collar n colleague n collect v collection n college n collision n colour(Am color) n & v comb n & v combine v come(came,come) v comedy n comfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie n cool a copy n & v corn n corner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & v cosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course n court n courtyard n cousin n cover n & v cow n crash v & n crayon n crazy a cream n create v creature n credit n crew n crime n criminal n criterion(pl criteria) n crop n cross n & v crossing n crossroads n crowd n & v cruel a cry n & v cube n cubic a cuisine n culture n cup n cupboard n cure n & v curious a currency n curriculum n curtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs n cut(cut,cut) v & n cycle v cyclist n D dad=daddy n daily a,ad & n dam n damage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous a dare v & modal v dark a & n darkness n dash v & n data n database n date n & v daughter n dawn n day n dead a deadline n deaf a deal n dear a death n debate n & v debt n decade n decide v decision n declare v decline v decorate v decoration n decrease v deed n deep a & ad deer n defeat v defence(Am defense) n defend v degree n delay n & v delete v & n deliberately ad delicate a delicious a delight n delighted a deliver v demand v dentist n department(Dept.) n departure n depend v deposit v & n depth n describe v description n desert v & n deserve v design v & n desire v & n desk n desperate a dessert n destination n destroy v detective n determine v develop v development n devote v devotion n diagram n dial v dialogue(Am dialog) n diamond n diary n dictation n dictionary n die v diet n differ v difference n different a difficult a difficulty n dig(dug,dug) v digest v digital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide n dip v diploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish n disk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing a dive v diverse a divide v division n divorce v dizzy a do(did,done) v doctor n document n dog n doll n dollar n donate v door n dormitory(dorm) n dot n double a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen n Dr=doctor n draft n & v drag v draw(drew,drawn) v drawback n drawer n dream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & v drill n & v drink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver n drop n & v drug n drum n drunk a dry v & a duck n due a dull a dumpling n during prep dusk n dust n dustbin n dusty a duty n ‎28‎ DVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic a dynasty n E each a & pron ‎ eager a eagle n ear n early a & ad earn v earth n earthquake n east a,ad & n Easter n eastern a easy a eat(ate,eaten) v ecology n edge n edition n editor n educate v education n educator n effect n effort n egg n eggplant n either a,conj & ad elder n elect v electric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant n else ad e-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor n employ v empty a encourage v encouragement n end n & v ending n endless a enemy n energetic a energy n engine n engineer n enjoy v enjoyable a enlarge v enough pron ,a & ad enquiry n enter v enterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire a entrance n entry n envelope n environment n envy v & n equal a & v equality n equip v equipment n eraser n error n erupt v escape n & v especially ad essay n Europe n European a & n evaluate v even ad evening n event n eventually ad ever ad every a everybody pron ‎ everyday a everyone pron ‎ everything pron ‎ everywhere ad evidence n evident a evolution n exact a exam=examination n examine v example n excellent a except prep exchange n & v excite v excuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition n exist v existence n exit n expand v expect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert n explain v explanation n explicit a explode v explore v export n & v expose v express v & n expression n extension n extra a extraordinary a extreme a eye n eyesight n F face n & v facial a fact n factory n fade v fail v & n failure n fair1 a fair2 n faith n fall1‎ ‎(fell,fallen) v fall2‎ ‎(Am)=autumn n false a familiar a family n famous a fan n fancy n,v & a fantastic a fantasy n far(farther,farthest 或 further,furthest) a & ad fare n farm n farmer n fast a & ad fasten v fat n & a father n fault n favour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & v fear n feast n feather n federal a fee n feed(fed,fed) v feel(felt,felt) v feeling n fellow n female a & n fence n ferry n festival n & a fetch v fever n few pron & a fibre(Am fiber) n fiction n field n fierce a fight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & v file n fill v film n & v final a finance n find(found,found) v fine1 a fine2 v finger n fingernail n finish v & n fire n & v fireworks n firm1 n firm2 a fish n & v fisherman n fist n fit a & v fix v flag n flame n flash n flashlight n flat1 a flat2 n flee(fled,fled) v flesh n flexible a flight n float v flood n & v floor n flour n flow v flower n flu n fluency n fluent a fly1‎ ‎(flew,flown) v fly2 n focus v & n fog n foggy a fold v folk n & a follow v fond a food n fool n & v foolish a foot(pl feet) n football n for prep & conj forbid(forbade,forbidden) v force v forecast n & v forehead n foreign a foreigner n foresee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest n forever ad forget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful a forgive(forgave,forgiven) v fork n form n & v format n former a fortnight n fortunate a fortune n forward ad foster v found v fountain n fox n fragile a fragrant a framework n franc n free a freedom n freeway n freeze(froze,frozen) v freezing a frequent a fresh a friction n fridge=refrigerator n friend n friendly a friendship n frighten v frog n from prep front a & n frontier n frost n fruit n fry v fuel n full a fun n & a function n & v fundamental a funeral n funny a fur n furnished a furniture n future n G gain v gallery n gallon n ‎33‎ game n garage n garbage n garden n garlic n garment n gas n gate n gather v gay a general a & n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture n get(got,got) v gift n gifted a giraffe n girl n give(gave,given) v glad a glance v glare v glass n globe n glory n glove n glue n go(went,gone) v goal n goat n god n gold n & a golden a golf n good(better,best) a goods n goose(pl geese) n govern v government n grade n gradual a graduate v graduation n grain n gram n grammar n grand a grandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson n granny n grape n graph n grasp v grass n grateful a gravity n great a & ad greedy a green a & n greengrocer n greet v greeting n grey(Am gray) a grill n grocer n grocery n ground n group n grow(grew,grown) v growth n guarantee v guard n guess v guest n guidance n guide n guilty a guitar n gun n gym=gymnasium n gymnastics n H habit n hair n haircut n half a & n hall n ham n hamburger n hammer n hand n & v handbag n handful n handkerchief n handle n & v handsome a handwriting n handy a hang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) v happen v happiness n happy a harbour(Am harbor) n hard ad & a hardly ad hardship n hardworking a harm n & v harmful a harmony n harvest n & v hat n hatch v hate v & n have(has,had,had) v he pron ‎ head n & v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health n healthy a hear(heard,heard) v hearing n heart n heat n heaven n heavy a heel n height n helicopter n hello int helmet n help n & v helpful a hen n her pron ‎ herb n here ad hero n hers pron ‎ herself pron ‎ hesitate v hi int hide(hid,hidden) v high a & ad highway n hill n him pron ‎ himself pron ‎ hire v his pron ‎ history n hit(hit,hit) v & n hobby n hold(held,held) v hole n holiday n holy a home n & ad homeland n hometown n homework n honest a honey n honour(Am honor) n & v hook n & v hope n & v hopeful a hopeless a horrible a horse n hospital n host n & v hostess n hot a hotdog n hotel n hour n house n housewife n housework n how ad however ad & conj howl v hug v huge a human a & n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor) n hunger n hungry a hunt v hunter n hurricane n hurry v hurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen n I I pron ‎ ice n ice-cream n idea n identity n identification n idiom n if conj ignore v ill a illegal a illness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve v in prep & ad inch n incident n include v income n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v information n initial a injure v injury n ink n inn n innocent a insect n insert v inside prep & ad insist v inspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention n invitation n invite v iron n & v irrigation n is v(be)‎ island n it pron ‎ its pron ‎ itself pron ‎ J jacket n jam n jar n jaw n jazz n jeans n jeep n jet n jewellery(Am jewelry) n job n jog v join v joke n ‎38‎ journalist n journey n joy n judge n & v judgement ‎(Am judgment) n juice n jump n & v jungle n junior a just a & ad justice n K kangaroo n keep(kept,kept) v kettle n key n keyboard n kick v & n kid n kill v kilo n kilogram n kilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1 n kind2 a kindergarten n kindness n king n kingdom n kiss n & v kitchen n kite n knee n knife(pl knives) n knock n & v know(knew,known) v knowledge n L lab=laboratory n labour(Am labor) n lack n & v lady n lake n lamb n lame a lamp n land n & v language n lantern n lap n large a last a & v late a & ad latter n laugh n & v laughter n laundry n law n lawyer n lay(laid,laid) v lazy a lead(led,led) v & n leader n leaf(pl leaves) n league n leak v learn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed) v least n leather n leave(left,left) v lecture n left a,ad & n leg n legal a lemon n & a lemonade n lend(lent,lent) v length n lesson n let(let,let) v letter n level n liberation n liberty n librarian n library n license n lid n lie1 n & v lie2‎ ‎(lay,lain) v life(pl lives) n lift v & n light n,v & a lightning n like v & prep likely a limit v line n & v link v & n lion n lip n liquid n & a list n & v listen v literature n literary a litre(Am liter) n litter v little(less,least) a live v & a lively a load n loaf n local a lock n & v lonely a long a & ad look n & v loose a lorry n ‎40‎ lose(lost,lost) v loss n lot n loud a lounge n love n & v lovely a low a & ad luck n lucky a luggage n lunch n lung n M machine n mad a madam/madame n magazine n magic a maid n mail n & v mailbox n main a mainland n major a majority n make1 n make2‎ ‎(made,made) v male a & n man(pl men) n manage v manager n mankind n manner n many(more,most) pron & a map n maple n marathon n marble n march n & v mark n & v market n marriage n marry v mask n & v mass n master v & n mat n match v & n material n mathematics ‎=math/maths n matter n & v mature a maximum a & n may modal v maybe ad me pron ‎ meal n mean(meant,meant) v meaning n means n meanwhile ad measure v meat n medal n media n medical a medicine n medium n meet(met,met) v & n meeting n melon n member n memorial n & a memory n mend v mental a mention n & v menu n merchant a & n merciful a mercy n merely ad merry a mess n message n messy a metal n & a method n metre(Am meter) n microscope n microwave n middle n midnight n might modal v mild a mile n milk n & v millimetre ‎(Am millimeter) n millionaire n mind n & v mine1 n & v mine2 pron ‎ mineral n minibus n minimum a minister n ministry n minority n minus prep & a minute n mirror n miss1 n miss2 v missile n mist n mistake ‎(mistook,mistaken) v & n mistaken a misunderstand ‎(misunderstood,misunderstood) v ‎42‎ mix v mixture n mobile a model n modem n modern a modest a mom=mum n moment n mommy=mummy n money n monitor n monkey n month n monument n moon n mop n & v moral a & n more(much,many) a,ad & n morning n Moslem n mosquito n most a & ad mother n motherland n motivation n motor n motorcycle n motto n mountain n mountainous a mourn v mouse(pl mice) n moustache n mouth n move v movement n movie n Mr.(mister) n Mrs.(mistress) n Ms. n much a & ad mud n muddy a multiply v murder v museum n mushroom n music n musical a & n musician n must modal v mustard n mutton n my pron ‎ myself pron ‎ N nail n name n & v narrow a nation n national a nationality n nationwide ad native a natural a nature n navy n near a,ad & prep nearby a nearly ad neat a necessary a neck n necklace n need n & modal v needle n negotiate v neighbour(Am neighbor) n neighbourhood ‎(Am neighborhood) n neither a nephew n nervous a nest n net n network n never ad new a news n newspaper n next a & ad nice a niece n night n no ad & a No.=number n noble a nobody n & pron ‎ nod v noise n noisy a none pron ‎ noodle n noon n nor conj normal n & a north a,ad & n northeast n northern a northwest n nose n not ad note n & v notebook n nothing pron ,n & a notice n & v novel n novelist n now ad nowadays ad nowhere ad nuclear a numb a number n nurse n nursery n nut n nutrition n O obey v object n observe v obtain v obvious a occupation n occupy v occur v ocean n Oceania n o’clock n of prep off prep & ad offence n offer n & v office n officer n official n & a offshore a often ad oh int oil n & v oilfield n O.K. ad old a Olympic(s) a & n on prep & ad once n,ad & conj one pron ‎ oneself pron ‎ onion n only a & ad onto prep open a & v opening n opera n operate v operation n operator n opinion n oppose v opposite n & a optimistic a optional a or conj oral a orange n & a orbit n order n & v ordinary a organ n organise(Am organize) v organisation ‎(Am organization) n origin n other pron & a otherwise ad ought modal v our pron ‎ ours pron ‎ ourselves pron ‎ out ad outcome n outdoors ad outer a outgoing a outing n outline n output n outside n,ad & prep outspoken a outstanding a outward(s) ad oval n & ad over prep & ad overcoat n overcome v overhead a overlook v overweight a owe v own a & v owner n ownership n ox(pl oxen) n oxygen n P pace n Pacific a pack n & v package n packet n paddle n page n pain n painful a paint n & v painter n painting n pair n palace n pale a pan n pancake n panda n panic a & v paper n paperwork n paragraph n parallel a & n parcel n pardon n parent n park1 n park2 v parking n parrot n part n,a & v participate v particular a partly ad partner n part-time a & ad party n pass v passage n passenger n passer-by n passive a passport n past ad,n & prep patent n path n patience n patient1 n patient2 a pattern n pause n & v pavement n pay(paid,paid) v & n P.C.=personal computer n P.E.=physical education n pea n peace n peaceful a peach n pear n pedestrian n pen n pence n pencil n penny n pension n people n pepper n per prep percent n percentage n perfect a perform v performance n performer n perfume n perhaps ad period n permanent a permission n permit v & n person n personal a personnel n personally ad persuade v pest n pet n petrol n phenomenon ‎47‎ ‎(pl phenomena) n phone = telephone n & v photo = photograph n photograph n photographer n phrase n physical a physician n physicist n physics n pianist n piano n pick v picnic n & v picture n pie n piece n pig n pile n pill n pillow n pilot n pin n & v pine n pineapple n ping-pong n pink a & n pint n pioneer n pipe n pity n place n & v plain a plan n & v plane n planet n plant v & n plastic a plate n platform n play v & n playground n pleasant a please v pleased a pleasure n plenty n plot v & n plug n plus v & prep p.m./pm,P.M./PM abbr pocket n poem n poet n point v & n poison n poisonous a pole n police n policeman/woman ‎(pl policemen/policewomen) n policy n polish v polite a political a politician n politics n pollute v pollution n pond n pool n poor a pop = popular a popcorn n popular a population n pork n porridge n port n portable a porter n position n positive a possess v possession n possibility n possible a post1 n post2 v & n postage n postcard n postcode n poster n postman(pl postmen) n postpone v pot n potato n potential a pound n pour v powder n power n powerful a practical a practice n & v practise(Am practice) v praise n & v pray v prayer n precious a precise a predict v prefer v preference n pregnant a prejudice n premier n preparation n prepare v prescription n present1 a & v present2 n presentation n preserve v president n press1 v press2 n pressure n pretend v pretty a prevent v preview v previous a price n pride n primary a primitive a principle n print v prison n prisoner n private a privilege n prize n probably ad problem n procedure n process n & v produce v product n production n profession n professor n profit n programme(Am program) n progress n & v prohibit v project n promise n & v promote v pron ounce v pron unciation n proper a properly ad protect v protection n proud a prove v provide v province n psychology n pub n public a & n publish v pull v & n pulse n pump v punctual a punctuation n punish v punishment n pupil n purchase v pure a purple n & a purpose n purse n push n & v put(put,put) v puzzle n pyramid n Q quake n & v qualification n quality n quantity n quarrel v & n quarter n queen n question v & n questionnaire n queue n & v quick a & ad quiet a quilt n quit v quite ad quiz n R rabbit n race v & n racial a radiation n radio n radioactive a radium n rag n rail n railway n rain n & v rainbow n raincoat n rainfall n rainy a raise v random a range n & v rank n rapid a rare a rat n rate n & v rather ad raw a ray n razor n reach v react v read(read,read) v reading n ready a real a realise(Am realize) v reality n really ad reason v & n reasonable a rebuild(rebuilt,rebuilt) v receipt n receive v receiver n recent a reception n receptionist n recipe n recite v recognize(Am recognize) v recommend v record n & v recorder n recover v recreation n rectangle n & a recycle v red n & a reduce v refer v referee n reference n reflect v reform v & n refresh v refrigerator n refuse v regard v & n regardless a register n & v regret n & v regular a regulation n reject v relate v relation n relationship n relative n relax v relay n & v relevant a reliable a relief n religion n religious a rely v remain v remark n remember v remind v remote a remove v rent n & v repair n & v repeat v replace v reply n & v report n & v reporter n represent v representative n republic n reputation n request n require v requirement n rescue v research n resemble v reservation n reserve n & v resign v resist v respect v & n respond v responsibility n rest n & v restaurant n restriction n result n retell v retire v return v review v & n revision n revolution n reward n rewind v rhyme n & v rice n rich a rid(rid,rid 或 ridded,ridded) v riddle n ridiculous a ride(rode,ridden) v & n right n,a & ad rigid a ring(rang,rung) v & n ripe a ripen v rise(rose,risen) v risk n & v river n road n roast v rob v robot n rock n rocket n role n roll v & n roof n room n rooster n root n rope n rose n rot v rough a round ad,prep & a roundabout a & n routine n row n & v royal a rubber n rubbish n rude a rugby n ruin v & n rule n & v ruler n run(ran,run) v rush v S sacred a sacrifice v sad a sadness n safe a safety n sail n & v sailor n salad n salary n sale n salesgirl n salesman/woman ‎(pl salesmen/women) n salt n salty a salute n & v same n & a sand n sandwich n satellite n satisfaction n satisfy v saucer n sausage n save v say(said,said) v saying n scan v scar n scare v scarf n scene n scenery n sceptical(Am skeptical) a schedule n & v scholar n scholarship n school n schoolbag n schoolboy/girl n schoolmate n science n scientific a scientist n scissors n scold v score n & v scratch v & n scream n screen n sculpture n sea n seagull n seal n search n & v seashell n seaside n season n seat n seaweed n second a & n secret a & n secretary n section n secure a security n see(saw,seen) v seed n seek v seem v seize v seldom ad select v self n selfish a sell(sold,sold) v semicircle n seminar n send(sent,sent) v senior a & n sense n sensitive a sentence n separate v & a separation n serious a servant n serve v service n session n set(set, set) v & n settle v settlement n settler n several pron & a severe a sew(sewed,sewn/sewed) v sex n shabby a shade n shadow n shake(shook,shaken) v shall modal v shallow a shame n shape n & v share v shark n sharp a sharpen v sharpener n shave ‎(shaved, shaved/shaven) v shaver n she pron ‎ sheep(pl sheep) n sheet n shelf(pl shelves) n shelter n shine(shone, shone) v ship n & v shirt n shock v shoe n shoot(shot, shot) v & n shop v & n shopkeeper n shopping n shore n short a shortcoming n shortly ad shorts n shot n should modal v shoulder n shout n & v show ‎(showed,shown/showed) v & n shower n shrink(shrank,shrunk 或 shrunk,shrunken) v shut(shut,shut) v shuttle n shy a sick a sickness n side n sideroad(Am sidewalk) n sideways ad sigh v & n sight n sightseeing n signal n signature n significance n silence n silent a silk n silly a silver n similar a simple a simplify v since ad,conj & prep sincerely ad sing(sang,sung) v single a sink(sank,sunk) v & n sir n sister n sit(sat,sat) v situation n size n skate v skateboard n ski n & v skilful a skill n skin n skip v skirt n sky n skyscraper n slave n slavery n sleep1 n sleep2‎ ‎(slept,slept) v sleepy a sleeve n slice n slide n & v slight a slim a slip n slow ad small a smart a smell(smelt,smelt 或-ed,-ed) v & n smile n & v smog n smoke n & v smoker n smooth a snake n sneaker n sneeze v sniff v snow n & v snowy a so ad & conj soap n sob n & v soccer n social a socialism n socialist a society n sock n socket n sofa n soft a software n soil n solar a soldier n solid a & n some a & pron ‎ somebody pron ‎ somehow ad someone pron ‎ something pron ‎ sometimes ad somewhere ad son n song n soon ad sorrow n sorry a sort v & n soul n sound v & n soup n sour a south a,ad & n southeast n southern a southwest n souvenir n sow(sowed,sown/-ed) v space n spaceship n spade n spare a sparrow n speak(spoke,spoken) v speaker n spear n special a specialist n specific a speech n speed n & v spell v spelling n spend(spent,spent) v spin v & n spirit n spiritual a spit v splendid a split v spoken a spokesman/woman ‎(pl spokesmen/women) n sponsor n spoon n spoonful n sport n spot n & v spray n & v spread(spread,spread) v spring n spy n & v square n & a squeeze v squirrel n stable a stadium n staff n stage n stain n stainless a stair n stamp n stand(stood,stood) v & n standard n & a star n stare v start v starvation n starve v state n station n statement n statesman/woman ‎(pl statesmen/women) n statistics n statue n status n stay n & v steady a steak n steal(stole,stolen) v steam n steel n steep a step n & v steward n stewardess n stick(stuck,stuck) v & n still a & ad stocking n stomach n stone n stop n & v storage n store n & v storm n story n stout a stove n straight a & ad straightforward a & adv strait n strange a stranger n straw n strawberry n stream n street n strength n strengthen v stress n & v strict a strike ‎(struck,struck /stricken) v & n string n strong a struggle v stubborn a student n studio n study v & n stupid a style n subject n subjective a submit v subscribe v substitute v succeed v success n successful a such ad,pron & a suck v sudden a suffer v suffering n sugar n suggest v suggestion n suit v & n suitable a suitcase n suite n summary n summer n sun n sunburnt a sunlight n sunny a sunshine n super a superb a superior a & n supermarket n supper n supply v & n support v & n suppose v supreme a sure a & ad surface n surgeon n surplus n surprise v & n surround v surrounding a survive v survival n suspect v & n suspension n swallow v swap v swear(swore,sworn) v sweat n sweater n sweep(swept,swept) v sweet n & a swell(swelled,swollen) v swift a swim(swam,swum) v swing v & n switch v & n sword n symbol n sympathy n symphony n symptom n system n systematic a T table n table tennis n tablet n tail n tailor n take(took,taken) v tale n talent n talk n & v tall a tank n tap n tape n target n & v task n taste n & v tasteless a tasty a tax n taxi n taxpayer n tea n teach(taught,taught) v teacher n team n teamwork n teapot n tear(tore,torn) v & n tease v technical a technique n technology n teenager n telephone n & v telescope n television n tell(told,told) v temperature n temple n temporary a tend v tendency n tennis n tense a tension n tent n tentative a term n terminal a & n terrible a terrify v terror n test v & n text n textbook n than conj thank v & n thankful a that pron conj & ad the art theatre(Am theater) n theft n their pron ‎ theirs pron ‎ them pron ‎ theme n themselves pron ‎ then ad theoretical a theory n there int,n & ad therefore ad thermos n these a & pron ‎ they pron ‎ thick a thief(pl thieves) n thin a thing n think(thought,thought) v thinking n thirst n this a & pron ‎ thorough a those a & pron ‎ though conj thought n thread n thrill n & v thriller n throat n through prep & ad throughout prep throw(threw, thrown) v thunder n & v thunderstorm n thus ad tick v ticket n tidy a & v tie v & n tiger n tight a till conj & prep time n & v timetable n tin n tiny a tip n & v tire v tired a tiresome a tissue n title n to prep toast v & n tobacco n today ad & n together ad toilet n tolerate v tomato n tomb n tomorrow ad & n ton n tongue n tonight ad & n too ad tool n tooth(pl teeth) n toothache n toothbrush n toothpaste n top n topic n tortoise n total a,n & v touch v tough a tour n tourism n tourist n tournament n toward(s) prep towel n tower n town n toy n track n tractor n trade n & v tradition n traditional a traffic n train n & v training n tram n transform v translate v translation n translator n transparent a transport n & v trap n & v travel n & v traveller(Am traveler) n treasure n treat v treatment n tree n tremble v trend n trial n triangle n trick n trip n trolleybus n troop n trouble v & n troublesome a trousers n truck n true a truly ad trunk n trust v truth n try v T-shirt n tube n tune n turkey n turn v & n turning n tutor n TV=television n twice ad twin n twist v & n type v typewriter n typical a typhoon n typist n tyre(Am tire) n U ugly a umbrella n unable a unbearable a unbelievable a uncertain a uncle n uncomfortable a unconditional a unconscious a under ad & prep underground a & n underline v understand ‎(understood,understood) v undertake ‎(undertook,undertaken) v underwear n unemployment n unfair a unfit a unfortunate a uniform n union n unique a unit n unite v universal a universe n university n unless conj unlike prep unrest n until prep & conj unusual a unwilling a up ad,a,n & prep update v & n upon prep upper a upset a upstairs ad upward(s) ad urban a urge v urgent a us pron ‎ use n & v used a useful a useless a user n usual a V vacation n vacant a vague a vain n valid a valley n valuable a value n variety n various a vase n vast a VCD=versatile compact disk n vegetable n vehicle n version n vertical a very ad vest n via prep vice n victim n victory n video n videophone n view n village n villager n vinegar n violate v violence n violent a violin n violinist n virtue n virus n visa n visit n & v visitor n visual a vital a vivid a vocabulary n voice n volcano n volleyball n voluntary a volunteer n & v vote v voyage n W wag v wage n waist n wait v waiter n waiting-room n waitress n wake(woke,woken) v walk n & v wall n wallet n walnut n wander v want v war n ward n warehouse n warm a warmth n warn v wash v & n washroom n waste n & v watch v & n water n & v watermelon n wave n & v wax n way n we pron ‎ web n website n weak a weakness n wealth n wealthy a wear(wore,worn) v weather n wedding n weed n week n weekday n weekend n weekly a weep v weigh v weight n welcome int,n,v & a welfare n well1 n well2‎ ‎(better,best) ad,a & int west a,ad & n western a westward(s) ad wet a whale n what pron & a whatever conj & pron ‎ wheat n wheel n when conj & ad whenever conj where conj & ad wherever conj whether conj which pron & a whichever pron ‎ while conj & n whisper v whistle n white a & n who pron ‎ whole a whom pron ‎ whose pron ‎ why ad & int wide a widespread a widow n wife n wild a wildlife n will1 n will2‎ ‎(would) modal v willing a win(won,won) v wind1 n wind2‎ ‎(wound,wound) v window n windy a wine n wing n winner n winter n wipe v wire n wisdom n wise a wish n & v with prep withdraw v within prep without prep witness v & n wolf(pl wolves) n woman(pl women) n wonder v & n wonderful a wood n wool n woollen(Am woolen) a word n work n & v worker n world n worldwide a worm n worn a worried a worry n & v worth a worthwhile a worthy a would modal v wound v & n wrestle v wrinkle n wrist n write(wrote,written) v wrong a X X-ray n Y yard n yawn v year n yell v yellow a & n yes ad yesterday n & ad yet ad yoghurt n you pron ‎ young a your pron ‎ yours pron ‎ yourself(pl yourselves) pron ‎ youth n yummy a Z zebra n zero n & num zip v & n zipper n zone n zoo n zoom v 数词 基数词 序数词 one 1‎ st first two 2‎ nd second three 3‎ rd third four 4‎ th fourth five 5‎ th fifth six 6‎ th sixth seven 7‎ th seventh eight 8‎ th eighth nine 9‎ th ninth ten 10th tenth eleven 11th eleventh twelve 12th twelfth thirteen 13th thirteenth fourteen 14th fourteenth fifteen 15th fifteenth sixteen 16th sixteenth seventeen 17th seventeenth eighteen 18th eighteenth nineteen 19th nineteenth twenty 20th twentieth twenty-one 21st twenty-first twenty-two 22nd twenty-second twenty-three 23rd twenty-third thirty 30th thirtieth forty 40th fortieth fifty 50th fiftieth sixty 60th sixtieth seventy 70th seventieth eighty 80th eightieth ninety 90th ninetieth one hundred 100th one hundredth one hundred(and) one 101st one hundred and first one hundred(and) two 102nd one hundred and second three hundred 300th three hundredth one thousand 1000th one thousandth three thousand 3000th three thousandth ten thousand 10000th ten thousandth million 1000000th millionth billion 1000000000th billionth 月份 January (Jan.)‎ February (Feb.)‎ March (Mar.)‎ April (Apr.)‎ May (May)‎ June (Jun.)‎ July (Jul.)‎ August (Aug.)‎ September (Sept.)‎ October (Oct.)‎ November (Nov.)‎ December (Dec.)‎ 星期 Monday (Mon.)‎ Tuesday (Tues.)‎ Wednesday (Wed.)‎ Thursday (Thurs.)‎ Friday (Fri.)‎ Saturday (Sat.)‎ Sunday (Sun.)‎ 主要国家名称及相关信息 国家 COUNTRY n. PERSON n.‎ RELATED ADJECTIVES 阿富汗 Afghanistan Afghan Afghan 阿尔及利亚 Algeria Algerian Algerian 阿根廷 Argentina Argentinian Argentinian 澳大利亚 Australia Australian Australian 奥地利 Austria Austrian Austrian 比利时 Belgium Belgian Belgian 巴西 Brazil Brazilian Brazilian 英国 Britain/U.K.=the United Kingdom British British 缅甸 Burma Burmese Burmese 加拿大 Canada Canadian Canadian 中国 China Chinese Chinese 哥伦比亚 Colombia Colombian Colombian 古巴 Cuba Cuban Cuban 丹麦 Denmark Dane Danish 埃及 Egypt Egyptian Egyptian 芬兰 Finland Finn Finnish 法国 France French French 德国 Germany German German 希腊 Greece Greek Greek 荷兰 Holland/‎ Netherlands Dutch Dutch 匈牙利 Hungary Hungarian Hungarian 印度 India Indian Indian 印度尼西亚 Indonesia Indonesian Indonesian 伊朗 Iran Iranian Iranian 伊拉克 Iraq Iraqi Iraqi 爱尔兰 Ireland Irish Irish 以色列 Israel Israeli Israeli 意大利 Italy Italian Italian 日本 Japan Japanese Japanese 约旦 Jordan Jordanian Jordanian 肯尼亚 Kenya Kenyan Kenyan 朝鲜 D.P.R.Korea Korean Korean 科威特 Kuwait Kuwaiti Kuwaiti 黎巴嫩 Lebanon Lebanese Lebanese 卢森堡 Luxembourg Luxembourger Luxembourgish 马来西亚 Malaysia Malaysian Malaysian 墨西哥 Mexico Mexican Mexican 新西兰 New Zealand New Zealander Zelanian 挪威 Norway Norwegian Norwegian 巴基斯坦 Pakistan Pakistani Pakistani 巴拿马 Panama Panamanian Panamanian 菲律宾 Philippines Filipino Philippine 波兰 Poland Polish Polish 葡萄牙 Portugal Portuguese Portuguese 俄罗斯 Russia Russian Russian 新加坡 Singapore Singaporean Singaporean 南非 South Africa South African South African 韩国 South Korea Korean Korean 西班牙 Spain Spanish Spanish 瑞典 Sweden Swedish Swedish 瑞士 Switzerland Swiss Swiss 泰国 Thailand Thai Thai 土耳其 Turkey Turk Turkish 美国 U.S.A. American American 越南 Vietnam Vietnamese Vietnam ‎【解读】‎ 语法和词汇是英语学科核心基础知识，但决不是孤立的，所以在基础知识的把握上要以普遍联系的方式去学习和巩固，不可孤立在词汇和语法上下太大功夫。‎ ‎1. 词汇分级，以篇章为载体，“多轮回” 复现 ‎（1）核心词汇，全方位掌握 在全国高考试卷的篇章和写作中常考到的词汇为1000个左右，大都是大家熟悉甚至在初中就学过的词汇，对于这些词汇要求听说读写译都得会，掌握其搭配、结构、习惯表达，如对于admit这个词汇，可以通 ‎（2）阅读词汇，“多轮回” 复现 常考1000词汇以外的2000多词汇可视作阅读词汇，做到在语境中认识即可，大可不必会写，可以通过“多轮回”方式巩固，即每次记忆量要大，比如每天100个，结合联想、顺口溜、图片等智慧方法，强化记忆，然后几天后再轮回复习，以增加复现次数，强化记忆效果。‎ ‎（3）阅读篇章，提高语境识别词汇的能力 平时在训练的过程中，会读到很多阅读理解、完形填空的篇章，在这些文章中对自己不熟悉的词汇有意识地进行归纳、梳理和总结，甚至用小本子记录下来，最后标明出处，带上完整的句子，时常查看，提高语境识别词汇的能力。‎ ‎【科学备考】‎ ‎1. 模拟训练 每次训练，无论专项还是综合模拟训练，都要 “真练”（限时、投入、核对、总结），坚决杜绝 “假练”（不限时，做后只对答案不总结）。训练后要认真核对答案，并认真梳理总结自己的做题情况，每考一次试之后要进行全面总结，包括经验和教训总结，也要对篇章中出现的重难点词汇、句式、话题等进行详细梳理，三分测试，七分总结，提高快慢关键在于总结是否充分。‎ ‎2. 用好真题 真题是模拟题无法比拟的，在命题思维、命题方式和选材具有极强的规律性，做好近几年高考全国卷真题，总结做题规律和方法，寻找命题思维，有利于更好地把握考试方向，少走弯路。‎ 高考前至少要做3-5遍高考真题，要对每一套真题的内容熟谙于心，有的篇目甚至要背下来，反复琢磨，找到高考“味道”。‎ ‎3. 动耳动口 很多高三的孩子只动眼和手，只顾做题，而缺少了动耳动口，所谓动耳就是要多听，多听英语材料，多听、会听高考真题听力，对于应试听力能力的提高是很有帮助的。‎ 另外，动口朗读也非常关键。做过的模拟试题或高考真题中的语篇做完后，要大声朗读出来，并仔细体味其语篇内涵。完形填空做完题后，要将正确的答案复原后进行大声朗读，这对完形填空的语篇构建能力很有帮助。听力做完后，要大声朗读听力原文，甚至要模仿录音。听和说的训练在高考备考中切不可小视其潜在的巨大“威力”。‎ ‎4. 规范书写 书写是面子，一定要留好面子。整份试卷中的书写主要集中在语篇填空、短文改错和写作上，书写一定要清晰，不要勾、涂、抹、划，当然，写的字要尽量美观、大方。英语的书写30分钟就能见成效，2天就能成习惯，凡写字“不雅”的同学，可以让老师或写字好的同学帮助训练，相信会为你的试卷“锦上添花”的。‎