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【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错找错口诀探究学案(6页word版)
2018届二轮复习 短文改错找错口诀探究 短文改错口诀一:短文改错要做好,常见类型应记牢。名词爱考“数”与“格”,冠词在前“错/多/少”。动词时态和语态,非谓语搭配莫错了。连代形副错一样,多是故意来混淆。介词多半考搭配,多漏误用想周到。句法常涉及“一致”,从句多考关系词。词法句法均为错,逻辑推理去寻找。以上东西要记牢,回读复查敲定稿。 短文改错口诀二 动词形,名词数,还要注意形和副。代词格,细领悟,连词冠词常光顾。 非谓语,细辨别,习惯用法要记住。句子成分多分析,逻辑错误需关注。 常见动词错误类型有:①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致; ③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 1.They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(did改为do,错误类型属于①) 2.As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为visited, 错误类型属于②) 3.There will an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④) 4.One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. ( was 改为were,错误类型属于③) what 和that 都可以引导名词性从句。 一.在引导名词性从句时,从属连词that一般要注意三个不(three nos): 1.不省略(no ellipsis) 当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,that不省略。但在非正式文体中that 引导宾语从句时可以省略,除下列两种情况外: that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况. (1). 在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that, 从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略. He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.(that不可省略) (2). 由and连接的两个由that引导 的宾从中, 则第二个宾语从句前的that不省略。 He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.(第一个That可以省略,但第二个that不可以省略。) 1) That he was able to come made us happy. (That 引导主语从句不可省略) 2)The truth is that I didn't go there. (that引导表语从句不可省略) 3)The news that our team has won is true. (that引导同位语从句不可省略) 2.不作成分(no component)that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。 Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.(that在句中引导同位语从句,但在句中不作任何成分) That you don't like him is none of my business. (that在句中引导主语从句,但在句中不作任何成分,也不省略) 3. 没词义(no meaning) that 在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。 That she is a rich woman is known to us. (that在句中引导主语从句,但在句中没有汉语意义) 9)The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him. (that在句中引导同位语从句,但在句中没有汉语意义) 二.在引导名词性从句时, What一般要注意一个不(one no),一个有(meaning),一个作(component): 1.不省略 what 引导名词性从句时,what 在句中不省略。这一用法与that 用法不尽相同。 What I had for breakfast today was rice with egg.(what 引主从,what 不省) 11)----I think it’s going to be a big problem. ----Yes , it could be . ----I wonder what we can do about. (what引导宾从,但在句中不省略) 2.有词义 what 引导名从,有词义。一般是“----的东西/事情/话等”这一用法与that 用法不一样 1) This is what she wanted to show us. (what在句中引导表语从句,在句中有词义,意思是“----的东西、事情) 2)What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. (what在句中引导主语从句,在句中有词义,意思是“----的东西、事情) 3.作成分 what 在引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当成分。这一用法与that 用法不一样。 3)It doesn’t matter what he said.( it 是形式主语,what 在句中引导主语从句。 What 在主语从句中作said 的宾语。) 4)It was true ______Alice did surprised her mother. A. that what B. what that C. that that D. all what 析:这一题正确答案是A。it在句中是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句that Alice did surprised her mother.,在这个主语从句当中,what 又引导了主语从句what Alice did,what在从句中作did 的宾语。 三.要特别提醒同学们的两点: 1. What所引导的从句可以在介词后作宾语,而that从句一般不可以。 5.After months of voyage ,Columbus arrived in _____later proved to be a new continent. A. where B. which C. what D. that 析:答案是C。因为在介词in 后面,应该用what引导的宾语从句,what在宾语从句 中作主语。而that不可以这样用。 6) On stepping into his room, he was astonished to find the floor covered with _____looked like tiny insects. A. that B. something C. what D. anything 析:答案是C。因为在介词with 后面,应该用what引导的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中作主语。而that不可以这样用。 2.that可引导定语从句,而且是定语从句引导词中的顶梁柱,它在定语从句中要充当成分,通常作定语从句中的主语、宾语。同时that也可以引导名词性从句,在名词性从句中that 不充当成分。 但What不可以引导定语从句。它只可以引导名词性从句,在句中相当于 what =all that ,what 在名词性从句中充当成分,常常作主语、宾语和表语。 7).All ____I want to know is what he meant . A. that B. which C. what D. whatever 评析:答案是A.本题是that引导的定语从句。而what不可以引导定从。What=all that .又因为先行词是all ,故其后不可以接which 引导的定语从句。而. Whatever=anything that /no matter what 从意义和语法都不符合。所以只能选A。 8) ____impressed me most was ______such a little boy could play the violin so well. A. That what B. What that C. That that D. What what 析:答案是B.第一空是what 引导的主语从句,并在主语从句中作主语。第二空是 that 引导的表语从句,that在表语从句中不省略,不作成分,也没词义。 要真正掌握What 和that 在名词性从句中的用法,还得多多操练,熟能生巧。 在进行改错时,我们要注意改错四原则及四不改: 注意五改动 ① 忠实于原文原则 ② “181”原则(由于某个题有两种该法而变成271或172)③ 错误以改动最少为原则 ④ 虚词以添加或者删除为原则 ⑤ 实词以改形式为原则 1)以改动最少为原则。 这是指每行最多只能改动一处,即在一个词上进行改动。可以是增词、减词、改词,但无论是何种改动,只能是增加一词,减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。 2)实词以改变形式为原则。在改错中,实词的处理一般只是改变它的形式,而不能改变其词义也不能改换成另一个实词,更不能随便给添删。 如:Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. talk---talking而不是去掉enjoy. 3)以保持愿意不变为原则。一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则,即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意思,包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系。只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系错误进行改正,且要小改而不大改。 (1) …are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives. (广东卷) lives→living。make a / one’s living 为一固定短语。只需将 lives 改成 living 就可以了,不要将 their lives 改为 a living。 (2) But I have spent most my money, so I cannot… (四川卷) 在my前加 of。也有同学去掉 most,这种改法虽改正了语法错误,但改变了原意。作者想说的是“花 掉了大部分的钱,而不是全部”。 4)虚词以添加或删减为原则。 历年高考题需要添删的词一般是冠词、代词、介词、关系词等,而动词、名词等的添删则不是很常见,因为太容易改变句子的原意。 (1) From his answer we shall know the something now.不定代词前不能加冠词,所以故去掉the。 (2) Then I began to pay more attention my pronunciation.固定搭配pay attention to后缺少介词to,应加上 四不改:1)标点符号不改。2)大小写不改。3)词序错误不改。4)大纲外生词不改。查看更多