专题05 生态环保类（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题05 生态环保类（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题05生态环保类 ‎【话题解读】‎ ‎ “生态环保”是普通高中英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。‎ ‎【高考探究】‎ ‎ “生态环保”是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。例如：2017年江苏卷阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解C篇；2016上海卷阅读理解B篇；2016四川卷书面表达；2015安徽卷完形填空；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。‎ ‎【典例剖析】‎ Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first studied in the early 1900s.Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997，the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012.Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020.More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.‎ ‎70.It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that .‎ A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020‎ B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming ‎【答案】D ‎71.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement，what would happen by the year 2100?‎ A. The human population would increase by one third.‎ B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.‎ C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.‎ D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions”可知，如果各国的气体排放能够符合《巴黎协议》的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段中的“To meet this minimum goal”可知，最小的目标是上升两度，也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D项正确。‎ ‎72.If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive，the maximum temperature rise，since the start of the industrial age，should be .‎ A.0.8℃ B.1.5℃‎ C.2℃ D.3.5℃‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement，after a push by lowlying island nations like Kiribati，which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.”可知，对于那些海拔低的国家来说稳定上升1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。故B项正确。‎ 名师指津 ‎1.抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 通过阅读文章可知，本文介绍了世界各国的人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。‎ 文章具体脉络如下：‎ ‎2.总结解题规律，提高解题能力 掌握常考题型，巧妙得出答案 细节理解题一直都是高考阅读理解中常考的题型，通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：‎ ‎(1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。‎ ‎(2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。‎ ‎(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。‎ ‎(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。‎ 例如第72题，根据第四段“This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement，after a push by lowlying island nations like Kiribati，which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.”可知，对于那些海拔低的国家来说稳定上升1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。故B项正确。‎ 话题词汇重现 ‎1.atmosphere n.大气；气氛 ‎2.reduction n.减少 ‎3.temperature n.温度 ‎4.species n.物种 ‎5.extinction n.灭绝 ‎6.climate change气候变化 ‎7.make a difference有影响，起作用 ‎8.gas emissions(温室)气体排放 ‎9.global warming全球气温变暖