第14周+科普知识类-试题君之周末培优君2017-2018学年高考英语人教版

第14周+科普知识类-试题君之周末培优君2017-2018学年高考英语人教版

第 14 周 科普知识类阅读理解 ‎（测试时间：40分钟，总分：60分）‎ 班级：____________ 姓名：____________ 座号：____________ 得分：____________‎ I.单项填空(每小题1分，共10分)‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎1.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _________he should be able to be independent.‎ A. which B. where C. whom D. when ‎【答案】D ‎2.________more learned a man is, _________more modest he usually becomes.‎ A. The； the B.A； a C. The； a D.A； the ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：一个人越博学，他通常会变得越谦逊。根据句子结构来判断，此句使用了"The+形容词/副词比较级...，the+形容词/副词比较级..."结构，意思是"越……，越……"。‎ ‎3.See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t _________sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.‎ A. have B. make C. display D. bring ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。句意：瞧，你的电脑又瘫痪了!为省几美元去买最便宜的品牌的电脑毫无意义可言。make sense"有意义，讲得通"。‎ ‎4.I wish I _________at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday， but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ A. will be B. would be ‎ C. have been D. had been ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，可用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。由句中时间状语"last Tuesday"和"then"可知，空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎5. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A. must B. should C. can D. need ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C. can 能 D. need 需要。句意:Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。‎ ‎6. .—I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.‎ ‎—I’m sorry, but he is not ___________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended.‎ A. busy B. active ‎ C. concerned D. available ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：——我想见怀特先生，我们有约。——对不起，他现在没空，因为会议还没有结束。A.忙碌的；B. 积极的，活跃的；C. 关心的；D. 有空的，可得到的。根据语境，故选D。‎ ‎7.That’s why I help brighten people’s days. If you_________, who’s to say that another ‎ person will?‎ A. didn’t B. don’t ‎ C. weren’t D. haven’t ‎【答案】B ‎8.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students_________what is bothering them.‎ A.to talk over B. talked over ‎ C. talk over D. having talked over ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，我会充当同学们的倾听者，为的是让他们能聊聊他们的烦心事。此处用不定式作目的状语。故选A。‎ ‎9.—How is your table tennis these days? Still playing?‎ ‎—_________. I just don’t seem to find the time these days.‎ A. That’s right B. No， not much ‎ C. That’s great D. Don’t worry ‎【答案】B ‎10.They believe that there are transport developments _________ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.‎ A. out of date B. out of order ‎ C. around the clock D. around the corner ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查介词短语辨析。out of date"过时"；out of order"混乱"；around the clock"全天候"；around the corner"即将来临"。句意：他们相信交通发展即将来临，这将会带来很多好的变化。‎ II.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎ Marvin Minsky is often called the Father of Artificial Intelligence. His work helped inspire the creation of the personal computer and the Internet.‎ Artificial Intelligence ‎ Before Minsky, computers were more like calculators, performing math operations at speeds much faster than humans. Minsky was the first to say that computers can one day be as intelligent as human beings. He was so convinced about this, that in 1959, he and his friend John McCarthy invented the term “Artificial Intelligence” at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.‎ Minsky wrote a book called Perceptrons, describing a particular type of “artificial neural(神经的) network”. Neural networks have made a comeback in a new field of Computer Science called Deep Learning. Deep Learning is used to recognize things and people in pictures (as seen in Facebook and Google Photos), language translation( try Google Translate sometimes), and so on.‎ Robotics, Microscopes and Virtual Reality How many of you have done Robotics at school and loved it? You have Minsky to thank again, for his work on Robotics. One of his biggest inventions was the confocal scanning microscope, an instrument that is still widely used today in medical and scientific research.‎ Minsky was really futuristic. He created one of the first head-mounted graphics displays(头戴式图形显示), which gave rise to the exciting area of Virtual Reality. This year, Facebook is releasing Oculus, a virtual reality headset, which you can use to play games with your friends in a 3-D environment.‎ Minsky’s major prediction that computers will one day become as intelligent as humans is now called the Theory of Singularity.‎ ‎1.Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A. Minsky himself invented the term “Artificial Intelligence” in MIT.‎ B. Minsky transformed computer into a machine more intelligent than human beings.‎ C. Apart from Information Technology, Minsky’s invention is also used in medical field.‎ D. Minsky invented a headset, with which players can play games in a 3-D environment.‎ ‎2.Which is NOT the function of Deep Learning?‎ A. Recognize people in Facebook. ‎ B. Spot items in Google Photos.‎ C. Summarize main idea of a passage. ‎ D. Translate English into French.‎ ‎3.Which is NOT one of Minsky’s characteristics according to the passage?‎ A. Farsighted. B. Creative. ‎ C. Pioneering. D. Considerate.‎ ‎4.In which section of a newspaper can you read this passage?‎ A. Technology. B. Travel. ‎ C. Environment. D. Life.‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍被称为人工智能之父的Marvin Minsky在信息科技方面做出的贡献。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子“Deep Learning is used to recognize things and people in pictures (as seen in Facebook and Google Photos), language translation( try Google Translate sometimes), and so on.”可知，Deep Learning包括ABD，不包括总结文章的大意。故选C。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】推理判断题。文章介绍被称为人工智能之父的Marvin Minsky在信息科技方面做出的贡献。所以是出自报纸的科技版面，故选A。‎ ‎ 阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点：‎ ‎1.文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，语法结构简单，用语通俗。‎ ‎2.文章内容注重科技领域的新发现。内容新颖，从而使文章显得陌生，内容抽象复杂。‎ ‎3.命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。‎ ‎4.以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手，探讨利弊，诠释过程，阐述概念。‎ ‎【高分秘笈】‎ ‎1. 先读文章 通读短文，把握文章大意，了解该短文是解释何种科学现象或科学道理的，抓住体现本文主题的关键词和关键句，提高阅读速度。‎ ‎2.把握结构 在阅读这类文章时要遵循此类文章的一般结构：导语、背景、主体和结尾。阅读时要注意开头和结尾，往往可以归纳出文中的中心思想。‎ ‎3.解决问题 学会解决what/how/why等一类的问题，他们是文章的关键，如果能够带着这些问题去阅读，则会更迅速地抓住文章的主题。‎ III. 完形填空(每小题1分，共20分)‎ 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ It was January, the first day of the year. I decided to get the bank work out of the 　1　. The bank clerk, an elderly gentleman, was 　2　curt(简短而失礼的) to my polite "Happy New Year" 　3　. He nodded and I sat in front of him. Minutes passed and nothing happened. Then very 　4　I put my form in front of him. He was busy 　5　entries in his register. I sat ‎ there wondering why we had 　6　banking if we were still filling in registers. While waiting I showed all 　7　of being impatient, I asked him　8　my work was done. The moment I uttered the words, he shouted, "Nothing is done, it will take time!"‎ Just then I saw his morning tea lying there, 　9　. It had turned almost cold. Suddenly I sensed how he feels when customers come who are 　10　hurried to get their work done and 　11　him for doing their work first. We don’t even feel the 　12　to thank him. Then I told him, "Sir, please have your tea, I am not hurried." This man suddenly　13　me and for the first time we had eye contact.‎ I realized he was also missing the 　14　things in life just like a hot cup of tea. He gave me a rare smile and said, "It is an everyday 　15　with me." His wise words really 　16　me. I felt that we all had put shields (盾牌) on our 　17　, and that we were scared to show our hearts and 　18　too much of ourselves. From then on, I 　19　to be more friendly to others and be 　20　that they are there for me.‎ ‎1.A.way B . corner C. question D. reach ‎2.A.on purpose B.by accident C. after all D.as usual ‎3.A.service B. invitation C. greeting D. handshake ‎4.A.hopefully B. curiously C. sincerely D. hesitantly ‎5.A.going through B. filling up C. checking out D. printing off ‎6.A.computerized B. canceled C. popularized D. broadened ‎7.A.symptoms B. gestures C. signs D. marks ‎8.A.when B. how C. why D. if ‎9.A.untouched B. unprepared C. unfolded D. undisturbed ‎10.A.always B. seldom C. never D. still ‎11.A.reward B. push C. pardon D. scold ‎12.A.reason B. need C. opportunity D. urge ‎13.A.looked up at B. looked down upon C. looked forward to D. looked back on ‎14.A.precious B. small C. important D. essential ‎15.A.coincidence B. suggestion C. affair D. arrangement ‎16.A.impressed B. attached C. challenged D. comforted ‎17.A.hearts B. minds C. bodies D. souls ‎18.A.release B. recommend C. reveal D. revise ‎19.A.preferred B. promised C. managed D. expected ‎20.A.cautious B. confident C. optimistic D. grateful ‎【文章大意】本文是记叙文。身边的一件小事让作者领会到对帮助我们的人要友好，并为他们出现在我们的身边而心怀感激。‎ ‎1.A 根据下文内容可知，作者决定把自己的银行业务办妥。out of the way"不碍事，处理完"符合语境。‎ ‎2.D 根据下文的叙述可知，此处指"这位银行职员，一位年长的绅士，像往常一样(as usual)对我礼貌的‘新年快乐’的问候简短而失礼地作了回应——点了点头"。on purpose"故意地"；by accident"偶然"。‎ ‎6.A 根据上下文语境可知，作者等待的时候一直在想如果我们仍旧在填写登记表的话，我们为什么要使银行业务电脑化。computerize"使计算机化，使电脑化"符合语境。cancel"取消"；popularize"普及"；broaden"拓宽"。‎ ‎7.C 在等待期间，作者表现出了所有不耐烦的示意动作(signs)。symptom"症状"；gesture"手势"。‎ ‎8.D 根据下文中的"Nothing is done， it will take time!"可知，作者在向银行职员询问自己的业务是否(if)已完成。‎ ‎9.A 根据下文的"It had turned almost cold""Sir， please have your tea， I am not hurried"可知，作者注意到银行职员的早茶放在旁边，没有动(untouched)。‎ ‎10.A 作者突然意识到当总是(always)匆匆忙忙前来办理他们的业务并催促(push)这位银行职员先办理他们的业务的顾客到来时，这位银行职员有何感受。‎ ‎11.B 参见上题解析。reward"奖励"；pardon"原谅"；scold"责备"。‎ ‎12.B 我们甚至觉得没有必要(need)对他致谢。‎ ‎13.A 根据前文提及的这位银行职员一直在忙于填写登记表中的条目和下文的"for the first time we had eye contact"可知，这位银行职员抬头看着作者。look up at"向上看，仰视"；look down upon"轻视"；look forward to"期望"；look back on"回顾"。‎ ‎14.B 根据下文的"just like a hot cup of tea"可知，作者意识到这位银行职员也在错过生活中的小(small)事。precious"珍贵的"；essential"必不可少的"。‎ ‎15.C 根据语境可知，这对这位银行职员来说是日常事务(affair)。coincidence"巧合"；suggestion"建议"；arrangement"安排"。‎ ‎16.A 根据下文的内容可知，这位银行职员的话真的使作者印象深刻。impress"使……印象深刻"符合语境。attach"重视"；challenge"向……挑战"；comfort"安慰"。‎ IV.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ Advertisements are meant to persuade people 　1　(buy) a product or service or believe in an idea. Some people think that advertising is generally helpful, while others feel 　2　(annoy). In my opinion, advertisements have 　3　advantages and disadvantages.‎ On the one hand, advertisements provide us with the most direct information. 　4　we go shopping, we can use the advertisements on TV to know the product’s effects and prices, 　5　can help us save some time and money.‎ On the other hand, advertisement can be harmful. Sometimes, they don’t tell the complete truth and people can 　6　(cheat) easily by them. Some advertisements are just full of 　7　(skill) words and the consumers will fall 　8　them. Thus, we should pay attention to such kind of advertisements.‎ To sum up, consumers must all use their 　9　(intelligent) and be wise shoppers. And the government should do something to protect our rights and help us lead better 　10　(life).‎ ‎【文章大意】任何事物都是一分为二的。作者认为广告也是如此。我们应扬长避短，明智地利用广告为我们服务。‎ ‎1.to buy ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。persuade sb to do是固定短语，表示“说服某人做……”，故填to buy。‎ ‎2.annoyed ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。结合句子结构和句意可知，此处应用形容词表示“感到烦恼的”，故填annoyed。‎ ‎3.both ‎【解析】考查代词。both…and…是固定短语，表示“两者都”，故填both。‎ ‎4.When ‎【解析】考查连词。结合句子结构和句意可知，此处是时间状语从句的引导词，表示“当……时候”，故填when。‎ ‎5.which ‎【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空是定语从句的引导词，指代advertisements，故填which。‎ ‎8.for ‎【解析】考查介词。结合句意，此处表示“喜欢，爱上”，故用短语fall for,填介词for。‎ ‎9.intelligence ‎【解析】考查名词。形容词性物主代词their后名词形式，故填intelligent的名词intelligence。‎ ‎10.lives ‎【解析】考查名词。名词life是可数名词，该空处无冠词，故用其复数表泛指，填lives。‎ V.短文改错 (每小题1分，共10分)‎ ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ As the saying goes, chance favored the prepared mind. I learned this from one of my experience.‎ I was not chosen as member of the volleyball team of our school. Because of this, I decided to give up play volleyball. Luckily, my best friend stopped me but pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation which led to my failure. After that, I practiced playing volleyball on every day. When another tryout arrived, I was full prepared and tried my best. As a result, I was selected and became an important player on our school team.‎ From this, I am firmly convincing that we are able to seize a chance as long as I get well prepared.‎ ‎【答案】‎ As the saying goes, chance the prepared mind. I learned this from one of my .‎ I was not chosen asmember of the volleyball team of our school. Because of this, I decided to give up  volleyball. Luckily, my best friend stopped mepointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation led to my failure. After that, I practiced playing volleyball every day. When another chance of trying out arrived, I was  prepared and tried my best. As a result, I was selected and became an important player on our school team.‎ From this, I am firmly that we are able to seize a chance as long as get well prepared.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 第六处： which改为that 考查连词。此处为强调句性，其结构为it+be +被强调部分+that/who...，所以改为that。‎ 第七处： 删掉on考查介词。every day“每天”前面不用介词。‎ 第八处：full改为fully 考查副词。修饰形容词用副词，所以用fully。‎ 第九处：convincing改为convinced考查形容词。句意：我真的感到很信服，且此处为“人感到信服”，所以改为convinced。‎ 第十处：I改为we 考查代词。句意：只要我们做好准备就能抓住每一次的机会 ，所以应该用we 。‎ ‎ ‎