专题09+直击高考考点之特殊句式-备战2019年高考英语二轮复习语法点对点之直击高考考点

专题09+直击高考考点之特殊句式-备战2019年高考英语二轮复习语法点对点之直击高考考点

专题09 直击高考考点之特殊句式 ‎ ‎ 知识清单 ‎ ‎ 主谓一致 序号 知 识 要 点 ‎1‎ 主谓一致的原则：语法一致；意义一致；就近一致。‎ ‎2‎ one or two+名词复数作句子的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎3‎ 表示总称意义的名词public，people(人们，人民)，cattle，police，youth作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎4‎ 主语是board（董事会），family，class，team，group，crowd，audience，crew，committee等名词时，如果是作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎5‎ 主语是时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语时，即使是复数，谓语动词也只能用单数形式。‎ ‎6‎ 主语是news，politics，physics，plastics，mathematics等名词时，谓语动词也只能用单数形式。‎ ‎7‎ 主语是书名，剧名，报刊、杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词也只能用单数。 ‎ ‎8‎ 在算式里，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎9‎ 主语是clothes, goods，glasses，trousers，scissors等名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎10‎ 主语是分数/百分数+ of+名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照名词的数而确定。 ‎ ‎11‎ 主语是…kind/type of+名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照kind/type的数而确定。 区分：名词+of this kind/type作主语时，谓语动词的形式与of前的名词保持一致。‎ ‎12‎ 主语是the number of+名词的复数时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ 主语是a number of+名词复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎13‎ 主语是the population of…作主语时，谓语动词单数。The world’s population is ‎ increasing faster and faster. ‎ 百分数+of the population时，谓语动词用复数。About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.‎ ‎14‎ 主语是means，works(工厂)，sheep，fish，Japanese，Chinese等名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。‎ ‎15‎ 用引号引起来的词、短语、句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎16‎ and连接的两个成对的名词，如bread and butter；knife and fork, try and trial等，虽有and连接，但仍表示单一的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式。‎ ‎17‎ and连接的两个名词若是指同一个人，即：and前的名词前有冠词，而and后面的名词前没有冠词。谓语动词常用单数形式。The singer and dancer is going abroad next month.‎ ‎18‎ and所连接的两个名词前分别有：every，each，no，many a等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ‎ ‎19‎ 主语是连接词or，either．．．or…，neither．．．nor．．．，not…but…，not only…but also…等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词采用就近原则。 ‎ ‎20‎ 主语是介词及介词短语(along/together) with，except/but，besides，in addition to, without，as well as，rather than，more than，like，including等）连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与介词前面的名词的数保持一致。 ‎ ‎21‎ one and a half+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ‎ ‎22‎ many a+名词单数；more than one+名词单数；a+名词单数+or two等作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ‎ ‎23‎ 定语从句中谓语动词必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。  注意：在“one of+名词复数+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用复数形式，但当one前面有the，the very，the only修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。‎ ‎24‎ A．The+形容词指人作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。  B．The+形容词指抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。‎ 如： the new 新生事物 ‎25‎ 主语是不定式，或动名词，谓语动词常用单数形式。主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；‎ 但what引导的从句作主语时，若表语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式，若表语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。如：What he needs is time/‎ are books.‎ ‎26‎ 在强调句型“It+ be+被强调的部分+that／who…”中，be总是用单数形式(is/was或must/may/can’t be)；that／who后的谓语动词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。如：It’s not he but you who/that are to blame.‎ ‎ ‎ 倒装，强调和省略 ‎1.‎ 完全倒装 ‎1.常常指时间,地点的副词及方位的副词和介词短语here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, now, then位于句首。‎ At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.// Away flew the bird.‎ 注意： a. 代词作主语时，主谓不倒装Here he comes.‎ b. 此结构不用于进行时态。‎ ‎2.表语提前: 形容词/过去分词/现在分词/介词短语 Included among the presents is an ipad that his father gave him.‎ Sitting on the rock is a girl who wants to commit suicide.‎ 部分倒装一般包括：‎ a. 某些否定词位于句首时，如：rarely, scarcely, nowhere, no more hardly/scarcely/barely…when; no sooner …than; not only…but also…; so/ nor/ neither…;not until…‎ b. only +副词、介词短语、状语从句位于句首作状语时.‎ c. 在so/such…that 结构中so+adj/adv/such+n等位于句首时 So fashionable are the clothes she was wearing that she became the focus of attention.‎ Such fashionable clothes was she wearing that she became the…‎ 另：Such are the facts: no one can deny.‎ d. 省略if的虚拟条件状语从句，had, were, should提前 ‎ 注：not /to在原位。‎ e. 用于as(though)引导的让步状语从句 ‎ Search as they would/Much as he likes the bike/ Exhausted as she was f. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子 Long live Chairman Mao! May you succeed!‎ Wish you success/successful!‎ ‎2‎ ‎ 强调 1. It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其它句子成分 ‎ 此句型的常见考点有：‎ a.还可用It might be/ must have been/ can it be…that 等句式。‎ It might have been John that bought a new book for Mary .‎ b.It was not until…that… ‎ 昨天直到半夜我才上床睡觉。 ‎ It was not until midnight that I went to bed.‎ Not until midnight did I go to bed.‎ c.含有特殊疑问词的强调句词序 When and where was it that you were born?‎ I’ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.‎ d.强调句中的主谓一致问题 It is not help but obstacles that make a man.‎ It is the sales manager, rather than/instead of/not/other than the sales girls, that is to blame.‎ e.与其他从句的比较 ‎①It was in the small house which/ that was built with stones by his father that he spent his childhood.(which/that)‎ ‎②It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time (which/that) he ought to have spent doing his lessons.(which/that)‎ f.强调句的省略 ‎---He was nearly drowned once. ---When was it?‎ ‎---It was in 1998 when he was in middle school.‎ ‎--Who is making so much noise in the garden?—It is the children.‎ ‎2.do/does/did + 动词原形 Do come early. He does/did know Beijing well. ‎ ‎3‎ 省略 1. 状语从句中省略主语的情况：‎ a. 从属连词 + 动词: 不定式、现在分词、过去分词，如：‎ He opened his mouth as if to say something.‎ He looked around as if looking for something.‎ He let out a scream as if bitten by the snake.‎ b. 从属连词 + 非动词： 名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，如：‎ Unless necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.‎ 注意：before/after/since 不属此列 ‎2. 不定式的省略：‎ ‎ He did not give me the chance, though he had promised ‎ ‎ 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been通常保留 ‎---Are you an engineer? ---No, but I want to be.‎ ‎---He hasn’t finished the task yet.---Well, he ought to have.‎ ‎3. 省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。 (1) ---- Is he coming back tonight? ---- I think so.‎ ‎ (2)---- Is he feeling better today? ---- I’m afraid not.‎ ‎ ‎ 高考考点直击 主谓一致的考查要点 ‎ ‎1.就近一致原则 ‎(1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.‎ ‎(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.‎ ‎2.意义一致原则 ‎(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况 ‎①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。‎ Politics is his favorite subject.‎ ‎②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。‎ Do you know when the United Nations was set up？‎ ‎(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎ The police are searching for the murderer.‎ ‎(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 ‎①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。‎ As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.‎ ‎②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。‎ The poor were looked down upon in the old days.‎ ‎3.语法一致原则 ‎(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语 ‎①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。‎ The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.‎ ‎②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。‎ The teacher and the poet have just arrived.‎ ‎③“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。‎ Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.‎ ‎④通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Bread and butter is not to his taste.‎ ‎(2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Is fifty pounds enough？‎ ‎(3)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Twothirds of the books are about science.‎ Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.‎ 题组训练1‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1.The writer and translator (be) delivering a speech in our school now.‎ ‎2.He or I (be) to go.‎ ‎3. (be) not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting？‎ ‎4.Ten years (be) a moment in history.‎ ‎5.A third of his compositions (have) been corrected.‎ ‎6.The unknown (be) always something to be feared.‎ ‎【答案】1.is 2.am 3.Are 4.is 5.have 6.is ‎ ‎ ‎◆倒装句的考查要点 ‎ 1.全部倒装 ‎(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。‎ Look，there’s that bookshop I was telling you about.‎ ‎(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。‎ There goes the phone.I’ll answer it.‎ ‎(3)such作表语置于句首时。‎ Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man but the 20th century’s greatest scientist.‎ ‎(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。‎ ‎“If you die，who will get your money？” asked Holmes.‎ ‎(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。‎ In the center of the square stands a monument.‎ ‎(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。‎ Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.‎ ‎2.部分倒装 在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。‎ ‎(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances，in no case等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。‎ Little does he care about what others think.‎ ‎(2)在not...until...，no sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等句式中。‎ Neither does he drink nor smoke.‎ ‎(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。‎ Only then did I find I had made a mistake.‎ ‎(4)在so/such...that...从句中，当so＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。‎ So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.‎ ‎(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。‎ Times have changed and so have I.‎ ‎(6)当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。‎ They couldn’t understand it at that time，and nor could we.‎ ‎(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，should提到主语前面。‎ Had it not been for your help，we shouldn’t have achieved so much.‎ ‎(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。‎ Try as she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open.‎ ‎(9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。‎ May you succeed！‎ 题组训练2‎ ‎1. (他虽然成功)(as)，he is not proud.‎ ‎2.Only when he reached the teahouse (他才意识到) it was the same place he’d been in last year.‎ ‎3.—It’s nice.Never before (我以前从没喝过这么特别的饮料)！‎ ‎—I’m glad you like it.‎ ‎4. (猫跳起来) and caught the mouse.‎ ‎5.Not until he finished his work (他才回家).‎ ‎【答案】1.Successful as he is 2. did he realize 3. have I had such a special drink 4. Up jumped the cat 5. did he go home ‎ ‎ ‎◆强调句的考查要点 ‎ 1.使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。‎ First impressions really do count.‎ ‎2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。‎ 强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：‎ ‎(1)强调句型中的主谓一致 在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。‎ It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.‎ ‎(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。‎ It was on August 8,2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.‎ ‎(3)强调句型的疑问句 在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”结构。‎ Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy？‎ When was it that she changed her mind？‎ ‎(4)在对not...until...结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。‎ I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.＝It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.‎ 题组训练3‎ ‎1. (是在一个荒凉的岛上) he was saved one month after the boat went down？‎ ‎2. (不是我们做了多少，而是我们对所做的事情注入了多少爱) benefits our work most.‎ ‎3.—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree？‎ ‎—Of course，I have. (这部电影是在我们村里制作出来的).‎ ‎4.If you have a job， (务必全身心地投入到工作中) and finally you’ll succeed.‎ ‎5. (不是我们偶尔做的事情) shapes our lives，but what we do consistently.‎ ‎【答案】1. Was it on a lonely island that 2. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that 3. It was in our village that it was made 4. do devote yourself to it 5. It’s not what we do once in a while that ‎ ‎ ‎◆省略句的考查要点 ‎ 1.状语从句中的省略 由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；或从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的it和be。‎ When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.‎ If (it is) possible，this machine can be fixed at once.‎ ‎2.不定式的省略 单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。‎ ‎—Will you please look after my house when I’m away？‎ ‎—I’m glad to.‎ ‎—Are you a sailor？‎ ‎—No.But I used to be.‎ Your work hasn’t been handed in，but it ought to have been.‎ ‎3.常考的几个省略形式 if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller...than等。‎ ‎4.并列句中的省略 并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。‎ He is going to Hong Kong，but his brother (is going) to America.‎ My room is on the third floor and his，on the fifth.‎ 题组训练4‎ ‎1.Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and (汤姆也不想加入).‎ ‎2.It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. (如果这样的话)，we’d better take it to the garage immediately.‎ ‎3. (多么奇怪的植物啊)！ I’ve never seen it before.‎ ‎4. (当沿着大街走的时候)，I heard my name called.‎ ‎5.I asked him to see the film，but (他不想去).‎ ‎【答案】1. Tom won’t either 2. If so 3. What a strange plant 4. While walking along the street 5. he didn’t want to ‎◆注意事项 ‎ 1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。‎ He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.‎ ‎2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。‎ 在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。‎ It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isn’t it？‎ ‎3.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。‎ 在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。‎ It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.‎ ‎4.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。‎ 当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”，原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。‎ It was at 14∶28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)‎ It was 14∶28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(状语从句)‎ ‎ ‎ 高考考点过关检测 一.单句语法填空 ‎ ‎1．(高考湖南卷改编)Video games can be a poor influence if ____________(leave)in the wrong hands.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】：left ‎ ‎2．(高考重庆卷改编)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ____________ his musical gift was fully recognized.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：巴赫于1750 年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。it is/was...that...是强调句型，本题被强调部分是时间状语not until the early 19th century。‎ ‎【答案】：that ‎ ‎3．(高考天津卷改编)Only when Lily walked into the office ____________ she realize that she had left the contract at home.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知填did。‎ ‎【答案】：did ‎ ‎4．(高考天津卷改编)Give me a chance，____________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：给我一个机会，我就会给你一个大惊喜。本题考查“祈使句＋and＋简单句”。由空格前的“给我一个机会”和空格后的“我就会给你一个大惊喜”可知空格前后两部分是顺接关系，需用and连接。‎ ‎【答案】：and ‎ ‎5．(湖南长沙市一模改编)Solving these problems，which prevent us from making progress in study，____________ (involve) students communicating with teachers and parents.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：解决这些问题需要学生与老师和家长交流，这些问题阻止我们在学习上取得进步。solving these problems是动名词作主语，属于单数形式，故谓语动词加s。‎ ‎【答案】：involves ‎6．Li Ming，don’t forget to turn off the lights before you leave the office，____________ you?‎ ‎【解析】：句意：李明，离开办公室前别忘了关灯，好吗？设空前为表示否定的祈使句，暗含主语you，故设空处应填will。‎ ‎【答案】：will ‎7．____________ seems to be intense competition among students to enter a key university. ‎ ‎【解析】：句意：学生们进入重点大学的竞争似乎很激烈。考查there be句型。there be句型中的be有时可用seem to be等替换。‎ ‎【答案】：There ‎ ‎8．Every day ____________(read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】：read ‎9．—The engineer cannot spare any time this afternoon. —If ____________，can we fix the computer by ourselves?‎ ‎【解析】：句意：——今天下午工程师抽不出任何时间。——如果是这样的话，我们能自己修理这台电脑吗？ if so如果是这样的话。‎ ‎【答案】：so ‎10．After the major earthquake he was surprised at ____________ hungry people were for mental and emotional help.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】：how ‎ ‎11.[2016江苏,34]Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.‎ ‎【答案】：did ‎ ‎【解析】根据时间状语"recently"及动词encourage可知本句应用一般过去时。"Not until+状语"位于句首时,句子采用部分倒装。故填助动词did。‎ ‎12.[2015湖南,21]It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.‎ ‎【答案】that ‎ ‎【解析】句意:当我们回家的时候,我意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉有多好。when we were returning home是一个when引导的时间状语从句,去掉"It was"和空处,句子成立,说明该句是个强调句型。‎ ‎13.[2015湖南,31]Always (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.‎ ‎【答案】keep ‎ ‎【解析】句意:时刻谨记你的主要任务是让这家公司顺利运营。这是一个祈使句,应用动词原形。‎ ‎14.[2015北京,31]If (accept)for the job, you’ll be informed soon.‎ ‎【答案】accepted ‎ ‎【解析】句意:如果你被录用做这份工作的话,你会很快收到通知的。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语部分有be动词时,状语从句的主语和be动词可以省略。该题中的条件状语从句补充完整为If you are accepted for the job。‎ ‎15.[2014陕西,17]No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. ‎ ‎【答案】had ‎ ‎【解析】句意:莫言一走上舞台,观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。此句中使用了no sooner.结构,意思是"一……就……",当no sooner位于句首时,其后的句子常用倒装语序,根据broke可知,空处应用had来构成过去完成时。‎ ‎16.[2014福建,29]It was the culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.‎ ‎【答案】that ‎ ‎【解析】句意:是文化,而不是语言,让他难以适应国外的新环境。本句是强调句型,被强调部分是主语。‎ ‎17.[2014北京,24] (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.‎ ‎【答案】Observe ‎ ‎【解析】句意:在实验室做实验时要认真观察是否有任何变化发生。分析句子结构可知,本题的主干为祈使句。‎ ‎18.[2013福建,34]Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.‎ ‎【答案】did ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎19.[2013新课标全国Ⅱ,10]It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.‎ ‎【答案】that ‎ ‎【解析】句意:只有在看了文件之后,Gross先生才意识到他面前的这项任务极难完成。将题干中的It was和空格去掉后,剩余部分仍能构成一个完整的主从复合句,显然题干为强调句型,所强调的是after引导的时间状语从句,所以此处应用that构成强调句型的基本框架,that没有实际意义,也不作成分。‎ ‎20.[2013江西,34]If (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.‎ ‎【答案】asked ‎ ‎【解析】句意:如果别人让你看行李,立马通知警察。本题中,if引导的条件状语从句中省略了主语you和be动词are,从句的完整形式应为If you are asked to…else。从句主语与主句主语相同,且从句谓语含有be动词时,从句主语和be动词可以一同省去。综上可知本题填asked。‎ ‎21.[2017吉林东北师范大学附属中学期中考试,31]Some of you may have finished Unit One. so, you can go on to Unit Two. ‎ ‎【答案】：If ‎ ‎【解析】考查省略。句意:你们中的有些人可能已经完成了第一单元。如果这样的话,‎ 你们可以继续第二单元。此处是if条件句的省略,if so"如果这样的话"。‎ ‎22.[2015天津七校联考,5]Between the two generations, it is often not their age, but their education causes misunderstanding. ‎ ‎【答案】that ‎ ‎【解析】句意:这两代人之间,引起误会的往往不是年龄而是教育。此处为强调句型"it is/was...that..."。被强调部分为:not their age, but their education。故此空填that。‎ ‎23.[2015湖南十三校一联,21]One of my favorite sayings is, " (laugh) and the world laughs with you." ‎ ‎【答案】Laugh ‎ ‎【解析】我最喜欢的一句谚语是:"欢笑,世界与你一起欢笑。"本句采用了"祈使句+and+陈述句"句型,设空处为祈使句,故用动词原形。‎ ‎24.[2015湖南衡阳高三五校联考,29]Seldom they watch TV those days; instead, they chatted with each other after supper. ‎ ‎【答案】did ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎25.[2015山西太原高三调研,25] seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials. ‎ ‎【答案】：There ‎ ‎【解析】句意:大学生对这项新政策的支持似乎比官员的支持要多一些。这里用了There be句式的变化形式There seems to be,本空填There。‎ ‎26.[2018云南玉溪一中月考,70]And our country should invest more money on the development of TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine); (make) sure it is not going to fade away. ‎ ‎【答案】make ‎ ‎【解析】句意:我们国家应该投入更多的钱来发展传统中医药,确保它不会逐渐消失。分号后面是祈使句,用动词原形开头。‎ ‎27.[2018福建福州综合质量检测,49]And is Tai chi that has helped her understand the value of "going slowly". ‎ ‎【答案】： it ‎ ‎【解析】此处是强调句型:It is + 被强调的成分 + that + 其他。故填it。‎ ‎28.[2017河北石家庄辛集中学期中考试,40]No sooner (have)I got to the station than the train left. ‎ ‎【答案】had ‎ ‎【解析】考查倒装。句意:我一到站火车就启动了。no sooner...than...表示"一……就……",前面的主句通常使用过去完成时,后面的从句使用一般过去时,如果将no sooner 提到主语前,前面的主句要部分倒装,即had 提到主语前,从句语序不变。‎ ‎29.[2017广东三校联考,18]It was not until dark he found what he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. ‎ ‎【答案】that ‎ ‎【解析】考查强调句。该题考查的是not until的强调句式:It was not until+被强调部分+that+其他。其中,he found后面是宾语从句,从句中what he thought 是what引导的主语从句。‎ ‎30.[2017黑龙江大庆实验中学检测,68]Follow your doctor’s advice, your illness will get better. ‎ ‎【答案】and ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 二.单句改错 ‎ ‎ 1.[2017甘肃张掖中学高三月考改编]None of the farmers in the small village can read or write, or can they speak the official language. ‎ ‎【答案】or→nor 【解析】语境表示"不……也不",应该用"nor+倒装句"结构。‎ ‎2.[2017河南中原名校期中联考改编]So suddenly the big fire happen that people had no time to escape. ‎ ‎【答案】suddenly后加did 【解析】本句使用了"so…that"结构,so+形容词/副词置于句首,此时主句要用部分倒装,因此要在主语前面加上助动词did。‎ ‎ 3.[2017新疆维吾尔自治区一模改编]It is for two months since they have stayed here. ‎ ‎【答案】去掉for或since→that 【解析】去掉for,此句表示"他们不在这里两个月了",应该用 ‎"it be+时间名词+since引导的状语从句";把since改为that,此句表示"他们在这里待了两个月",是强调句式"it be...that"。‎ ‎ 4.[2017山东青岛高三月考改编]Given me one more hour, and I’ll finish the work on time. ‎ ‎【答案】Given→Give 【解析】语境表示"再给我一个小时,我就能按时完成工作了",这里用"祈使句+and+陈述句"结构,因此这里Given应改为Give。‎ ‎ 5.[2017宁夏银川高三一模改编]We’d better leave now, haven’t we? ‎ ‎【答案】haven’t →hadn’t 【解析】本句的反意疑问部分是针对had better提问,应该用hadn’t。‎ ‎ 6.[2016河南商丘高三月考改编]It was nobody else at hand, and I had to carry the heavy box to the eighth floor by myself. ‎ ‎【答案】It→There 【解析】这里用There be句式表示"有"。‎ ‎ 7.[2016浙江东阳高三期中考试改编]Protecting our earth, or else it will be no longer fit for us to live on. ‎ ‎【答案】Protecting→Protect 【解析】这里用"祈使句+or/or else+陈述句"句式,因此句子开头应该用动词原形。‎ ‎ 8.[2016辽宁沈阳高三月考改编]At no time does they break the rules of the game. It is unfair to punish them.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 9.[2018广西钦州一质检]I was surprised at what beautifully I wrote! ‎ ‎【答案】what→how 【解析】考查how型感叹句。how修饰形容词或副词。‎ ‎10.[2017江苏江阴高三联考改编]It was not until she went back home when Kate realised she had left her schoolbag at school.‎ ‎【答案】when→that 【解析】根据句意可知,这是一个强调句式,被强调的是not until引导的状语从句,因此句中的when应该改为that,与前面的It was构成强调句式。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎