高中英语Unit 4 Making the news重点词汇详解

高中英语Unit 4 Making the news重点词汇详解

高二必修5 Unit 4 Making the news重点词汇详解 新课标 人教版 高二第五模块第四单元单词解读 ‎（Making the News）‎ ‎1.eager(keen, anxious) adj. 热切的；渴望的(after, about, for) ‎ The boy was eager for success. 男孩子急于获得成功。 ‎ He is eager for his parents to meet his girlfriends. 他盼望他的父母去见他的女朋友。 ‎ The saleswoman in the shop is always eager to please everybody. ‎ ‎"商店里的那个女售货员总是十分殷勤,希望使人人满意。" ‎ ‎【习惯用语】 ‎ be eager for 渴望, 渴求, 争取 ‎ be eager about 渴望, 渴求, 争取 ‎ be eager after 渴望, 渴求, 争取 ‎ be eager to do 急欲, 渴望做 ‎ ‎【参考词汇】 ‎ eager /keen /anxious 意思都含“渴望的”。 ‎ eager指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的的”, 有时也指“由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的”, 如: ‎ He was eager to see her. 他渴望见到她。 ‎ keen 指“对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的”, 如: They were keen to win. 他们急于取胜。 ‎ anxious 指“热切地希望实现愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦虑的”, 如: l'm anxious to know the final result. 我急于想知道最后的结果。 ‎ eagerly adv. eagerness n.‎ ‎2.work/task/ duty/job/responsibility ‎【参考词汇】 ‎ work 常指正式职业和职位的经常性、一般性工作，不含有“艰巨”、“沉重”等意思。是不可数名词。at work在工作 work hard at努力工作（或学习）；out of work失业。My work is as a doctor.我当医生（职业）。‎ task 一般指必须完成的“任务”, 是可数名词。如: Mother set me the task of sweeping the floor.母亲把扫地的任务 交给了我。task 往往含有“艰巨”、“沉重”等意思。而work 除另有修饰语外不含此种意思。‎ duty指“道义上的责任”, 较强调“自觉性”, 如: Every citizen has the duty to construct his country. 每个公民都有建设祖国的责任。‎ job指“活、事、一份工作”时是可数名词,多指为换取报酬而进行的日常活动，尤指作为某人的手艺、行业或职业的工作。可数。Washing the windows is not my job. 洗窗子不是我的事儿（任务）。习惯表达: a good job一件好事lose one's job失业be out of a job失业 do a ‎ good job干的不错 ‎ ‎ It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours aday.修理自行车就是他的话，而且常常是一天要干14个小时。‎ responsibility 指“由于法律、职业或道德等的要求而应尽的责任”, 含有“法津上对后果负责任”的意味, 如: ‎ The resposibility rests on us. 这由我们负责。Do not forget your duty to your parents. 不要忘记对父母应尽的责任。 ‎ ‎3.course n. 过程；经过；进程 ‎ in the course of discussion 在讨论期间 ‎ 道路；路线；方向 The ship was blown off course. 那船被吹离航线。 ‎ ‎【习惯用语】 ‎ in course of 在...的过程中 ‎ in due course 在适当的时候；不久以后 ‎ in the courts of在...期间 ‎ during the course of 在...期间 ‎ ‎4.meanwhile adv. 此时 同时 They'll be here soon. Meanwhile we'll have some coffee. 他们即刻就到，我们现在先喝点咖啡。 ‎ Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. ‎ 与此同时,我的舌头忙于寻找被拔牙齿的伤口。 ‎ Meanwhile, two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. ‎ 与此同时,另外两位演员把两个盛着食物的大篮子拿到树下荫凉的地方。 ‎ Jane was writing a letter and meanwhile Pat was watching T.V.. 简在写信，而在此同时帕特在看电视。 ‎ ‎5.case n.事；事例 ‎ This is a case of stupidity, not dishonesty. 这只是个愚蠢的例子,并非不诚实。 ‎ 情形；场合；状况 'Well, in that case, I would prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered. `唉,那样的话,我宁愿留在车上啦,'我回答说。 ‎ a case of poverty 穷苦的情形 ‎ 病症；病例 This is a case of fever. 这是一发烧的病例。 ‎ 案件；诉讼 a difficult case to prove 一个很难办的案子 ‎ In this case I'm acting for my friend Mr Smith. 我在这次诉讼中代表我的朋友史密斯的利益。 ‎ The case against Mr. White is said to be heard tomorrow. 据说怀特先生被起诉一案定于明天开庭。 ‎ The case was settled out of court. 这案件在庭外解决。 ‎ 事实；实情 The police have a clear case against the prisoner. 警察有充足的事实对付那个囚犯。 ‎ Is that the case? No, that's not the case. 事实是那样吗?不,事实并非如此。 ‎ ‎【习惯用语】‎ in case假使,以防(引导虚拟语气)‎ Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 ‎ in case of假如；如果；万一 In case of rain they can't go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。 ‎ in any case无论如何,不管怎样 ‎ in no case 决不；无论如何不 ‎ in that case 如果是那样的话 ‎ in this case 假如这样的话 ‎ in the case of 就...来说, 关于 ‎ ‎6.accuse vt. accused, accusing 控告；指控 ‎ The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。 The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。 ‎ Mary was accused as an accomplice. 玛丽被指控为同谋犯。 ‎ ‎■accuse/charge 两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。‎ accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。‎ charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。‎ The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。‎ ‎【常用搭配】in charge of 主管,看管 in(under)the charge of 在……的掌管下 charge sb.with 指控某人………‎ charge(sb.)…(money)for sth. 要价,要(某人)付….(钱)买某物 take charge 开始管理,接管 ‎7.deny vt. denied, denying 否认；否定；拒绝相信 ‎ He said that I had stolen his bicycle, but I denied it. 他说我偷了他的自行车，可是我否认了。 ‎ 背弃；摒弃 He denied his country. 他背弃了自己的国家。 ‎ 拒绝；不给；不予；不允许 He denies his wife nothing. 他对他的妻子有求必应。 ‎ ‎【习惯用语】 ‎ deny oneself 自制；克己；舍弃 ‎ ‎●deny /decline /refuse /reject 都含“拒绝”的意思。 ‎ ‎▲deny指“坚定地否认某事为真实的”,如: He denied the charge. 他否认了控告。 ‎ deny doing(否认做过某事)；deny sb. sth(拒绝给某人某物)。Deny+that从句 ‎▲decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”,如: He declined our invitation to ‎ dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人。I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起，可是她婉言谢绝了。‎ ‎▲refuse 系普通用语,指“坚决、果断或坦率地(不友善地)拒绝”, 如: He refused to take the money. 他拒绝接受此款。 ‎ ‎▲reject指“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝”(指通过抛弃或送走、专横地拒绝), 主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。如: They rejected damaged goods. 他们拒收损坏的货物。He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝。‎ ‎8.defend vt. 保卫；防护；防守 ‎ She had to defend herself against the guard dog. 她不得不防备看门狗咬她。 ‎ 辩护；辩解 ；守卫；防御 ‎ He's better at defending than attacking. 他的防守优于进攻。 The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律师为他辩护。 ‎ ‎【习惯用语】 defend against 保卫; 抵抗 defend from 保护, 保卫(使不受伤害) ‎ ‎【参考词汇】 defend /guard /protect /preserve 都含“保护”、“使安全”的意思。 ‎ defend指“保卫”、“防御”, 应用范围很广, 对象可以是具体的, 也可以是抽象的, 用于defend sb. against / from harm结构。如: defend oneself against enemy 防御敌人。 ‎ guard 指“注意观察、戒备, 以免受可能的攻击或伤害”, 如: guard a coastline 守卫海岸线。 ‎ protect 指“保护...以免遭受危险或伤害等”, 常用protect sb. from sth./against sth.的结构。如: protect the children from harm 保护儿童免受伤害。 ‎ preserve 指“防护、保存...免被分解或腐烂”, 如: Salt preserves food from decay. 盐能防止食物腐烂。 ‎ secure指确保不会发生意外等如secure oneself against/from danger使自己免于危险。‎ By strengthening the river banks, the city secured itself against flood. 由于加强了河堤, 该城可确保免受水灾。 ‎ ‎9.normal adj. 正常的；常态的；一般的 ‎ The normal price of a ticket if $230! 一张票的正常价格是230英镑。 ‎ above [below] normal 标准以上[下] return to normal 恢复正常 ‎ The rain raised the river two meters above normal. 雨水使得这条河水位超出标准两米。 ‎ 智力正常的；身心健全的 a normal child ‎ ‎【参考词汇】 ‎ ‎■normal /ordinary /regular 都含“正常的”、“正规的” 、“普通的”的意思。 ‎ normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”, 如: the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温。 ‎ ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”， 常指人或事物不特殊。 如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。an ordinary day's work ‎ 日常工作。 ‎ regular 指“有规律的”、“正规的”、“定期的”, 如: He kept regular hours. 他过着有规律的生活。 ‎ common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”， 如：Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。common knowledge/sense 常识 ‎ general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”， 如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的， 不是为专家写的。‎ ‎10.注意几个表否定的副词 ‎▲seldom adv. 不常，很少 ‎ The children are seldom ill. 这些孩子很少生病。Opportunity seldom knocks twice.机不可失，时不再来。‎ ‎▲barely adv. 贫乏地;刚刚 ‎ They had barely time to catch the plane. 他们差点没来得及赶上飞机。 ‎ The committee had barely entered into the matter when he felt dizzy. 委员会刚开始讨论此事,他就感到头晕了。 ‎ He had barely enough money to buy food. 他仅有刚够买食物的钱。 ‎ ‎▲hardly adv. 几乎不；简直不 ‎ This is hardly the time to discuss such matters. 在现在讨论这事根本不合适。 ‎ It was so dark that I could hardly see. 天那么黑，我简直看不见了。 ‎ I can hardly ask him directly for more money. 我绝不能直接向他多要钱。 ‎ He hardly ever eats meat. 他从来不吃肉。 Peter is hardly ever late. 玛丽几乎从不迟到。 ‎ ‎【习惯用语】 hardly any 几乎没有 hardly ever 很少 ‎ ‎▲scarcely adv. 不足地，不充分地， 几乎没有 ‎ There is scarcely enough food. 几乎没有足够的食物。 ‎ There was scarcely anything mentioned about that contract. 关于那份合同几乎什么也没提到。‎ ‎ …scarcely ….when/before…刚…一...就... (=…hardly…when…= …no sooner…than….)‎ ‎▲narrowly adv. 仅仅；勉强； 恰好 ‎ One car narrowly missed hitting the other one. 一辆车差点儿和另一辆相撞。 ‎ The boy narrowly escaped being drowned. 那个男孩差一点被淹死。 ‎ ‎▲nearly adv. 几乎，差不多 ‎ The job's nearly finished. 这工作差不多完成了。 She nearly died. 她差点儿死了。 ‎ Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. ‎ 几乎每个人都参加一年一度'最佳花园赛',但乔每次都夺魁。 ‎ I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. 我朝下一望看到一个警察时,差上点从梯子上掉下来 ‎▲rarely adv. 难得，很少 ‎ She is old and rarely goes out. 她年纪大了，很少外出。 ‎ He rarely comes here anymore. 现在他难得来这儿。 ‎ Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. `大本钟'很少出差错。 ‎ Peter is rarely / seldom late. 彼得不常迟到。;彼得很少迟到。 ‎ ‎11.accurate adj. 准确的；精确的 accurately adv. accurateness n. ‎ an accurate answer 准确的答案 ‎ Is this watch accurate? 这只表准吗? ‎ ‎【参考词汇】 ‎ accurate /correct /exact 均含“正确的”意思。 ‎ accurate 表示“准确的”,精确的”,指“通过努力, 使事情达到正确”, 指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性 如: She gave an accurate account of the accident. 她对事故做了准确的描述。 ‎ correct 为一般用语, 指“正确的”, 指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误 ‎ ‎ 如: He gave correct answers to the questions. 他对这些问题提出了正确的答案。 correct vt. 改正；纠正 Please correct this mistake. 请改正这个错误。 ‎ exact 表示“确切的”,“精确无误的”,指“与事实完全相符”, 语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差。如: His answer is quite exact. 他的回答完全正确。 ‎ The exact date of the event has escaped me. 我记不起这起事件的确切日期了。 ‎ proper含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义，还表示某物具有它应当具备的性质。如：do sth. the proper way ‎ 以适当的方式做某事 ‎ Appropriate“正确的；适当的”，指适合于特殊的人及场合，地位等。强调自然具备适宜的性质。如： an appropriate example 适当的例子 ‎ fit意为某人或某物在目的上用途上适合。如：Your clothes fit well. 你的衣服很合身。 ‎ The trousers don't fit him, they are too small. 这条裤子他穿不合身，太小了。 ‎ This coat's a beautiful fit to you. 这件外衣对你非常合身。He runs to keep fit. 他跑步为了保持健康。 ‎ suitable意味着适合某种情况。如：This toy is not suitable for young children. 这个玩具不适合小小孩玩。‎ This wine is not suitable to my taste. 这酒不合我的胃口。 ‎ ‎12.approve vt., vi. Approved—approving 批准；认可；通过 [反意词disapprove]‎ approve 属常用词, 表示“官方或正式批准”, 用于上级对下级, 长辈对晚辈, 如: My father approved my going to the border regions. 我父亲同意我去边区。 ‎ My parents don't approve of me smoking cigarettes. 我的父母不准许我吸烟。 ‎ The resolution was approved 82 to 16 with 18 abstentions. 决议以八十二票对十六票通过,十八票弃权。 ‎ The mayoress approved the new building plans. 女市长批准了新建筑计划。 ‎ ‎（常与of连用）赞成，赞同 I don't approve of wasting time. 我不赞成浪费时间。 ‎ I don't approve of smoking. 我不赞成抽烟。 ‎ ‎ Her father will never approve of her marriage to you. 他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。 ‎ ‎13.process n. （大自然的）作用，活动 the process of breathing 呼吸作用 ‎ 步骤 the process of learning to read ‎ 学习阅读的步骤 The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place. 公司目前正在把主要设备迁到新地址去。 ‎ 过程 the process of digestion ‎ vt. 加工（食品等）;冲洗 One has to process a photographic film to print pictures from it. 必须先处理照相底片才能冲印出相片。 ‎ ‎〈计〉处理 ;小心准备；仔细检查 ‎ The plans are now being processed. 计划现正在审查。 ‎ ‎14.intention n. 计划；目的 ‎ I began reading with the intention of finishing the book, but I never did. 我开始读这本书时想读完它，可是我从来就没把它读完。 ‎ He has no intention of marrying yet. 他还没有要结婚的打算。 ‎ What is your intention? 你的意图究竟是什么? ‎ ‎【习惯用语】 ‎ by intention 故意 ‎ have no intention of doing ... 无意做... the intention of a clause 条款的意旨 ‎ with the intention of 抱有...目的, 打算 ‎ with the best of intentions 好心好意, 出于一片好心 ‎ without intention 无意中, 不是故意地.如：If I've hurt your feelings, it was quite without intention. 如果我伤了你的感情那完全是无意的。 ‎ ‎15.ahead of adv., adj. 在前；向前；提前 ‎ Walk straight ahead until you reach the river. 一直朝前走到河边。 ‎ The road ahead was full of cattle. 前面的路上挤满了牛群。 ‎ Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of time. 由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。 ‎ ‎【习惯用语】 ‎ be ahead [美口]占优势, 可望取胜; 赢钱, 赚钱 ‎ ahead of 在...前头; 早于; 超过。如：ahead of time [schedule] 提前 ‎ Go ahead! 前进, 有进展; 继续干下去 ‎ ‎16.employ vt. Employed—employing 雇用；使用 The firm employs about 100 men. 这家公司大约雇了100人。 ‎ This motor plant is employing three thousand workers. 这家汽车工厂雇用着三千员工。 ‎ The firm employs the retired professor as an adviser. 这家公司聘这们退休的教授担任顾问。‎ She employs her time wisely. 她善于利用时间。 ‎ ‎【习惯用语】‎ in the employ of 被…雇用。如：I have been for over five years in the employ of an exporting company. 本人曾经前后五年被受雇于出口贸易公司。‎ in sb.'s employ 受...雇用。如：The company should aid those in its employ in everything..‎ out of employ 失业。如：Because of the typhoon “Saomai (桑美)”, many of the workers are out of employ.‎ employ oneself in 从事于, 时间花在... He employed himself (in) teaching English. 他从事英语教学工作。 ‎ employ oneself on 从事于, 时间花在... ‎ employ oneself doing 从事于, 时间花在... ‎ employ... as 把...用作。如：He employed the girl as a typist.他雇用那位小姐当打字员。‎ Employ English as a common language.把英语当作共同语言使用。‎ ‎▲hire /employ/rent hire解作“雇用”时与employ同义，但用法稍有不同。hire是一般用法，指普通的雇用，可用于人或物，如：hire a servant、hire Whe hire a taxi downtown． 我们乘计程汽车入市区。 ‎ employ是较正式的用语，一般指大公司聘用职员，如 employ a teacher、employ a clerk、employ a manager等。‎ rent只可用于物件（尤其建筑物类），如： ‎ The holiday-makers rented a jeep for their journey． 那些度假人士租用一辆吉普车去旅行。 ‎ Unable to afford a flat，the newly－weds have to rent a room． 那对新婚夫妇因买不起一套房子而只好租住一个房间。‎ ‎17.cover vt. （常与with连用）盖；覆盖 ‎ She covered the table with a cloth. 她用一块布把桌子罩起来。 be covered with snow all the year round 终年积雪 ‎ 占（时间或空间） The town covers 5 square miles. 小镇占地5平方英里。 ‎ 行过（路程）；通过 I want to cover 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完100英里。‎ 报导；对…进行新闻采访 cover a fire for a newspaper 为报纸采访失火的新闻 ‎ 包括；包含；论及 The review covered everything we learned last term. 这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。His studies covered a wide field. 他的知识渊博。 ‎ ‎【习惯用语】 ‎ be covered with 盖满，覆满 充满（羞惭，慌乱等），不胜... ‎ from cover to cover 从头到尾一页不漏 ‎ under the cover of 在...掩 护下; 打着...的幌子 ‎ cover up 完全盖住， 盖好 ‎ cover n. 遮盖物 盖子；罩子 （图书、杂志的）封面 ‎ The book had a blue cover. 这本书有一个蓝色的封面。‎