2019届一轮复习北师大版选修七Unit21HumanBiology单元学案设计（31页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习北师大版选修七Unit21HumanBiology单元学案设计（31页word解析版）

写作句型锤炼 核心句型升级 先熟读背诵——精彩句型烂熟于心 某英文报正就“智能手机的利与弊”这一话题进行讨论。请你根据提示用英语写 一篇短文给该报投稿，并就合理使用智能手机提出自己的建议。 好处 了解更多信息，缓解压力 坏处 缺少面对面交流，影响工作、学习和休息 你的建议 …… 注意：1.开头已经给出，不计入总词数； 2.词数 100 左右； 3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Smartphones have become part of our daily life.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 【参考范文】 Smartphones_have_become_part_of_our_daily_life.①Wherever we are, we can see people busy playing with their smartphones. Smartphones benefit us. They not only help us get information around the world more quickly and easily, but also relieve the pressures of life. However, every coin has two sides.②When spending too much time on smartphones, we don’t have time to communicate face to face with our friends or family, and our life, studies and work will be badly affected. In my opinion, we should avoid using smartphones too much except for the purpose of learning. Meanwhile，it’s necessary for us to take part in more outdoor activities. 后临摹仿写——妙语佳句信手拈来 ►根据句①仿写 1.不管你做什么事情，粗心不是一个好习惯。 Being careless is not a good habit，whatever/no_matter_what_you_do. ►根据句②仿写 2.那个足球运动员在地上滚来滚去，好像腿部受了重伤。 The football player is rolling on the ground as_if_hurt_badly_in_the_leg. [会书写] 一、核心单词 1.digest vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　消化 2.abuse vt. 滥用 3.seek vt. 寻找 4.annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的 5.cater vi. 满足；迎合 6.treat vt. 款待 7.postpone vt. 推迟；延期 8.decline vi. 下降 9.circumstance n. 情形；情况 10.rebuild vt. 重建 二、阅读单词 1.fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的 2.circulate vi. 循环 3.compulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的 4.temporary adj. 临时的；短暂的 5.emotion n. 情感，情绪 6.routine n. 常规；惯例 7.interval n. 间隔；间歇 8.enhance vt. 增强，提高 9.controversial adj. 有争议的 10.contradict vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾 11.violate vt. 违反，违背 12.complicated adj. 复杂的 13.interpret vt. 翻译，解释 14.identify vt. 确定；认出，识别 15.minimum n. 最低；最小 16.prescription n. 处方 17.institution n. 团体；公共机构 18.extension n. 延期 19.sceptical adj. 怀疑的 20.absurd adj. 不合理的；荒谬的 三、拓展单词 1.unite vt.联合；团结；统一→united adj.团结的→union n.联合 2.tolerate vt.容忍→toleration n.容忍；忍受→tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的→tolerance n.宽容；容忍 3.oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相反的；反对的 n.反义词→opposition n.反方；对 立面→opposed adj.相反的，对立的 4.prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n.禁止；禁令→prohibitive adj.禁止的 5.faith n.信心→faithful adj.守信的；忠实的→faithfully adv.忠实地，真诚地 6.equip vt.装备；使有准备→equipment n.装备；装备品 7.submit vt.认为；提交→submission n.屈从，屈服；意见；提交→submissive adj. 服从的 8.privileged adj.荣幸的→privilege n.特权 9.fortune n. 大 笔 钱 财 ； 巨 款 →fortunate adj. 幸 运 的 →fortunately adv. 幸 运 地 →unfortunately adv.不幸地 10.rob vt.使丧失；抢劫→robber n.抢劫犯→robbery n.抢劫 11.concern n.& vt.担心；担忧→concerned adj.担心的；有关的→concerning prep. 关于 [会积累] 1.“annual”相关形容词全扫描 ①minutely　　　　每分钟的 ②hourly 每小时的 ③daily 每日的 ④weekly 每周的 ⑤monthly 每月的 ⑥quarterly 每季度的 2.表示“推迟/耽搁”的词汇 ①postpone v. ②delay v.& n. ③hold up ④put off 3.聚焦“状况，情况”相关名词 ①circumstance ②state ③situation ④condition ⑤status 4.盘点含有 re-前缀的高频单词 ①rearrange v. 重新排列 ②recover v. 重新遮盖 ③reconsider v. 重新考虑 ④rebuild v. 重建 ⑤reproduction n. 再生产 ⑥reunion n. 重逢 ⑦reconstruction n. 重建，复原 5.“oppose”近/反义词大全 ①reject v.拒绝 ②object v.反对；不赞成 ③agree v.同意→disagree v.反对 ④agreement n.同意→disagreement n.不同意 ⑤approve v.赞成；批准→disapprove v.不赞成 ⑥approval n.赞成；批准→disapproval n.不赞成 6.“财富”相关名词小聚 ①fortune ②treasure ③wealth ④possession ⑤property [会应用]　用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip) 2.I admire you for your tolerance，because you can tolerate things which can’t be tolerant.(tolerate) 3.Our parents are concerned about our health.As far as I’m concerned，we should talk with them and tell them our concerns.(concern) 4.Several robbers robbed the bank of an enormous sum of money，making the largest robbery of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob) 5.As a famous saying goes，union is strength.If united，we can overcome all the difficulties，so let’s unite together.(unite) 6.The students living far away from the school were strongly opposed to the plan.Their opposition prevented the plan from being carried out.(oppose) 7.As we all know，an annual meeting is held annually.(annual) 8.They prepared a report for submission to the council，in which they submitted that the evidence was unreliable.(submit) 9.The manager has faith in his secretary，because he thinks she is faithful to him and always helps him faithfully.(faith) 10.She was very fortunate to come into a large fortune ，but unfortunately she was confirmed to suffer from a deadly disease.(fortune) Ⅱ.核心短语—识记·联想·运用 [会书写] 1.at_all_costs　　　　　　　　不管多大代价 2.miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会 3.focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准 4.straight_away 立刻，马上 5.wipe_out 彻底毁灭 6.at_any_rate 无论如何；至少 7.in_vain 徒劳，白费力气 8.at_random 随便地，随意地 9.get down to 开始做 10.bring up 教育；抚养；呕吐 11.clear up 整理；解释；澄清；放晴 12.put off 推迟；延期 13.stop sth in its tracks 终止；消灭 14.rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物 15.get through 通过(考试)；完成 [会积累] 1.“立即，即刻”全接触 ①immediately adv.　　　　　立即，即刻 ②instantly adv. 即刻，马上 ③at once 立即 ④in no time 立刻，马上 ⑤in a flash 即刻 ⑥right now/away 立刻 ⑦straight away 立刻 2.表示“开始/着手做某事”的短语精选 ①get down to doing sth ②set out to do sth ③set about doing sth ④settle down to sth ⑤start/begin doing/to do sth [会应用]　选用上表左栏短语填空 1.He will wipe_out the marks with an eraser. 2.It’s time I got_down_to thinking about that essay. 3.They have decided to put_off holding the meeting because of the bad weather. 4.The noise made it hard for me to focus_on work. 5.It is raining now，but I think it will clear_up soon. 6.It’s not an easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own. 7.I tried to make his peace with her，but in_vain. 8.Last week，I was robbed_of my wallet in front of a hotel on my way home. Ⅲ.经典句式—分析·背诵·仿写 句型公式 1：It is＋adj.＋for sb＋to do... [教材原句]　It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。 [句型仿写]　It_is_possible_for_him_to_pass the driving test this time. 他这次或许能通过驾照考试。 句型公式 2：rather than 是一个并列连词，表示“而不是” [教材原句]　The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 [ 句 型 仿 写 ] 　 As students ， we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams. 作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。 句型公式 3：It seems ＋ n.＋ that...“……看起来是……的” [教材原句]　It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遗憾，由于无 知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。 [句型仿写]　It_seems_such_a_pity_that you should have to spend the day at the hotel. 你得在旅馆里度过一天看来是一件遗憾的事情。 句型公式 4：sb/sth be believed to...“某人或某物被认为是……” [教材原句]　Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. 西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病，它在 18 个月内使多达 5 千 万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人。 [ 句 型 仿 写 ] 　 The book is_said_to_have_been_translated_into several foreign languages. 这本书据说已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。 Ⅳ.语篇填空—回顾·补全·热诵 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.Now records 1.have_fallen (fall) in track and field due to better equipment，training and diet since the 2.first (one) Olympic Games.But we come across the issue of performance-enhancing drugs，3.which is known as doping.Some athletes who abuse the drugs risk 4.facing (face) serious health problems in later life.They seek 5.to_achieve (achieve) beyond their natural limits.It is compulsory for winners 6.to_be_tested (test) but other participants are only tested 7.at random.What’s more， “gene-therapy” will be the next big threat.In the future，athletes who have their genes 8.changed (change) might be able to do better 9.than they should be so 10.if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events，the word “hero” will have lost all meaning. Ⅴ.语篇改错—回顾·修正·热诵 文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、 删除或修改。 One of the earliest epidemic on record happened about 500—550 AD when then Roman emperor at the time was attempted to rebuild the Roman Empire.In the 1330’ s，“The Black Death”appeared in Asia，that spread rapid.Years ago，SARS breaks out.Since then，scientists had been doing trials to prevent it.Before SARS，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been most acute epidemic in history because of it killed 50 million people in 18 months.However，since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken many than a hundred lives.With all the international effort being made，we have faith which there will be solutions to stop it. 答案 One of the earliest epidemic epidemics on record happened about 500—550 AD when then Roman emperor at the time was attempted attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.In the 1330’ s，“The Black Death”appeared in Asia， that which spread rapid rapidly.Years ago，SARS breaks broke out.Since then，scientists had have been doing trials to prevent it.Before SARS， the Spanish Flu is believed to have been most acute epidemic in history because it killed 50 million people in 18 months.However，since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken many more than a hundred lives.With all the international effort being made，we have faith which that there will be solutions to stop it. [核 心 词 汇] 1.seek (sought，sought) vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图 seek sth from sb　　　　向某人请求/寻求某物 seek after/for sb(sth) 寻求某人(某物) seek one’s fortune 寻找成功(致富)的机会 seek out 找出；寻出 seek to do sth 试图做某事 ①They sought out a handy spot where they might sit down and rest. 他们找到了一个方便坐下休息的地方。 ②We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us. 我们试图找一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。 ③You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter. 这件事情你应该寻求律师的建议。 [ 一 言 串 记 ] 　 He told us that he was going to Beijing to seek his fortune and I suggested that he should seek advice from his teacher and shouldn’t seek after/for comfort，personal fame or gain. 他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议他这件事情他应该请教他的老师，不要 一味地贪图安逸，追名逐利。 2.oppose vt.& vi.反对；反抗 (1)oppose doing sth　反对做某事 oppose sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事 (2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立 ①Many residents oppose/are opposed to building (build) the motorway.It is not a wise decision. 许多居民反对修建那条高速公路，那可不是个明智的决定。 ②Her wealthy parents opposed/were opposed to her (she)marrying a boy from the poor family. 她那富有的父母反对她同贫寒家庭的孩子结婚。 [名师指津]　 (1)oppose 后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。be opposed to 结构 中，to 是介词，其后也要用动词-ing 形式。 (2)表示“反对”的短语：be opposed to，object to，be against 等。 3.postpone vt.推迟；延期 postpone doing sth　　　延缓做某事，推迟做某事 postpone sth until/to... 把某事推迟到…… ①I decided not to postpone studying(study) (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.(教材原句) 我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常那样！)，而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。 ②We are postponing our trip until the weather is fine. 我们推迟旅行直到天气晴好。 4.prohibit vt.禁止，阻止 (1)prohibit (doing) sth　　　禁止(做)某事 (2)Error! 禁止某人做某事 (3)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令 ①It was the bad weather that prohibited their going (go) to the science museum. 是糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。 ②Some people think that it’s necessary to prohibit people’s using mobile phones in some places. →Some people think that it’s necessary to prohibit people from using mobile phones in some places. 一些人认为有必要禁止人们在一些场合使用手机。 ③They voted in favor of the prohibition (prohibit) of smoking in public areas. 他们投票赞成在公共场合禁止吸烟。 [名师指津]　类似于“prohibit sb from doing sth”的表达法： Error!阻止某人做某事 5.decline vi.& vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n.下降；衰退 [一词多义]　写出下列句中 decline 的词性和含义 ①I invited her to my wedding，but she declined my invitation.v.谢绝 ②The company reported a small decline in its profits.n.下降 ③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month.v.下降 ④Industry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s.n.衰退 (1)decline to do sth　　婉拒做某事 decline in/of sth 在某方面减少/下降 (2)on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中 fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退 ⑤The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect. 自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。 6.equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备 (1)equip...with...　　　用……装备…… equip...for sth/to do sth 为了……而装备…… be equipped for/to do sth 为……装备好；做好准备 (2)equipment [U] 设备，设施 ①Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam. 请准备一支削好的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。 ②They are skills which equip them for real situations they might face in their lives. 这些技能可以让他们应付生活中可能会发生的真实状况。 ③The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment(equip)，allowing more patients to be treated. 最近这家医院已经获得了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人得到治疗。 7.submit vt.提交；递交 vi.& vt.服从，屈服 submit...to...　 　把……提交给……；向……提出 submit sb/oneself to 使某人/自己甘受，服从 submit to 服从于，屈服于 ①In that case they had to submit themselves/them (they) to his judgement. 在那种情况下他们不得不服从他的判决。 ②He submitted_to the headmaster ’ s order finally that all teachers should submit_that_report_to the headmaster. 他最终服从了校长的命令——所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长。 [名师指津]　在 submit...to...短语中，submit 是及物动词，意为“呈交，提交”； 而在 submit to 短语中，submit 是不及物动词，意为“服从，屈服” 8.at all costs 不惜代价地，无论如何 (1)at the cost/expense of... 　　　　　　丧失，牺牲；以……为代价 at a cost of... 以……的费用/价格 at any cost 以任何代价 (2)cost sb sth 花某人……，使某人付出/丧失 ①The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to_succeed_at_all_costs.(教材原句) 人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 ②The hero saved the boy’s life out of the burning library at the cost of his own life， which was put up at a cost of one million dollars last year. 英雄牺牲了自己的生命从燃烧着的去年耗资 100 万美元建起来的图书馆里救出 了那个男孩。 ③It’s a pity that careless_driving_cost_him_his_life the other day. 遗憾的是，粗心驾驶使他那天失去了生命。 9.at any rate 无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少 at this/that rate 照此情形；如此下去 at the/a rate of 以……的速度或比率；以……的价格 ①If trends continue the way they’re going，then in my opinion，yes—in developed countries at_any_rate. 如果这种趋势继续以它们现在的方式发展下去的话，我认为至少在发达国家是那 样的。 ②We’re working so slowly that，at_this_rate，we’ll never finish the job. 我们干得太慢了，照这样下去，永远也干不完这个活。 ③The train was traveling at_the/a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour. 火车以每小时 100 公里的速度行驶。 [重 点 句 型] 1.It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random. 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。 (1)“It is＋adj.＋for sb to do...”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物，不是对不定式行 为 者 的 品 格 进 行 评 价 。 这 类 形 容 词 有 difficult ， easy ， hard ， important ， dangerous，impossible 等。 ①It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 ②Nowadays it_is_important_for_us_students_to_master a foreign language. 现在对我们学生来说掌握一门外语是非常重要的。 (2)“It is＋adj.＋of sb to do...”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。 这类形容词有 kind，good，right，clever，foolish 等。 ③It’s_clever_of_you_to_work_out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 2.The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 (1)rather than 为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其……不如……”，这一表达方式 通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即 rather than 前后两部分在成分和 形式上应当一致。 ①If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining(complain). 如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨。 (2)常用句型 Error!宁愿做……而， 不愿做…… ②She preferred to_stay (stay)at home rather than go (go)shopping with him. 她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。 (3)rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的词 在人称和数上保持一致。 ③Mary，rather than you，is_to_blame_for not finishing the work on time. 是 玛 丽 而 不 是 你 应 为 没 有 按 时 完 成 工 作 而 受 责 备 。 [当 堂 达 标] Ⅰ.单词拼写 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.The police are still seeking (寻找) the men involved in last week’s robbery. 2.That is why we decided to postpone (推迟) the discussion. 3.An increase in cars has resulted in the decline (下降) of public transport. 4.As far as I know，the manager is strongly opposed (反对) to the plan. 5.Your suggestion was submitted (提交) to the commission for its consideration. 6.Smoking is prohibited (禁止) in public buildings or in the crowded buses. 7.All the parents want to equip (装备) their children with some special skills.Thus， they can live better in the future. 8.Those who know how to tolerate (容忍) others can naturally lead a happy life. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.It’s possible for him to open a new company of his own. 2.They always look for excuses to postpone doing (do) something. 3.I am very much opposed to permitting (permit) him to go alone. 4.I have never sought to_hide (hide) my views.I hope you will not misunderstand me. 5.Equipped (equip) with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than before. 6.We can ’ t submit to the fate.Instead ， we should take a positive attitude to the present situation. 7.More and more people tend to read books by computers or phones rather than go (go) to library. 8.He is said to have_been_working (work) in this factory for more than twenty years. 9.He bought the sweater at a cost of 80 yuan，and it was a real bargain. 10.The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition against/on the hunting of whales. Ⅲ.单句改错 1.No matter how hard the situation is，you should not lose your heart.去掉 your 2.It is nice for you to give us so much help. for→of 3.Their father told them not to touch the new computer under any circumstance.circumstance→circumstances 4.They said the director ， rather than the clerks ， were responsible for the incident.were→was 5.In addition ， they spend money on fishing equipments ， fuel and boat repairs.equipments→equipment Ⅳ.句型转换/一句多译 1.We all strongly oppose driving after drinking. →We are all strongly opposed to driving after drinking. 2.The people had to submit themselves to the new rulers when they lost the war. →The people had to submit to the new rulers when they lost the war. 3.我不能容忍被嘲笑。 ①I can’t tolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate) ②I can’t bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand) ③I can’t put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(put up with) 4.让我们感到高兴的是，近来这个地区的抢劫案的数量在下降。 ①To our delight，the_number_of_robberies_is_declining in this area recently.(decline v.) ②To our delight ， the_number_of_robberies_is_on_the_decline in this area recently.(on the decline) ③To our delight ， there_is_a_decline_in_the_number_of_robberies in this area recently.(decline n.) [课 下 作 业] A卷 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.It took me some time to digest (消化) what I have learned. 2.She is continually abusing (滥用) her position by getting other people to do things for her. 3.The fundamental (根本的) purpose of my plan is to encourage further development. 4.He was determined to be thorough (细致的) in his research. 5.I’m afraid you’ve missed the deadline (截止日期)，so your application cannot be considered. 6.We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances (情况). 7.It’s out of the question to rebuild (重建) the towers. 8.Television stations and programmes must cater ( 迎 合 ) to different interests and tastes of the general public. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.At any rate，that’s the question we’ll turn to next time. 2.Please don’t spit or throw rubbish everywhere at random. 3.In my opinion，we should have our eyes examined (examine) once a year. 4.Robbed (rob) of her gold necklace，which is meaningful to her，she became unhappy. 5.Nobody can tolerate being_cheated (cheat)，and that’s why he has no friend. 6.It’s the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature. 7.If Bob had_come (come) here yesterday，he could have seen Jackie Chan. 8.I could have_worked (work) out the problem，but I was too nervous. 9.She insisted that she had remained faithful (faith) to her husband. 10.In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to_visit (visit) Oxford. Ⅲ.选词填空 focus on，straight away，cater to，get through，miss...out，in vain，at all costs，at random 1.These two products cater_to two different customers. 2.Our meeting focuses_on the question of women’s rights. 3.Do it straight_away because the longer you wait the harder it will be. 4.I tried to convince my father to give up smoking，but in_vain. 5.I’ve made up my mind to attain my purpose at_all_costs. 6.The market researchers interviewed people at_random in the street. 7.Had the boy worked harder，he would have got_through the exams. 8.I’ll just read through the form again to make sure I haven’t missed anything out. Ⅳ.完成句子 1.It_is_impossible_to_be_admitted_to/into a key university with such a low score. 这样低的分数被重点大学录取是不可能的。 2.It seems_a_general_truth_that nothing is so simple as it first seems. 没有什么事情像表面看上去那么简单，这似乎是一个普遍的真理。 3.With a little care you could_have_avoided_the_mistake. 你要是小心一点，本来是可以避免这个错误的。 4.—Is Bob still performing? —I ’ m afraid not.He is_said_to_have_left the stage already as he has become an official. ——鲍勃还在从事表演吗？ ——恐怕不再从事了，据说他已经成为了一名政府官员，已经离开舞台好久了。 5.To live a low-carbon life ， some people prefer_to_take_the_bus_rather_than_drive_a_car to work. 为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公共汽车也不愿自己开车去上班。 Ⅴ.阅读理解 The researchers knew from previous studies that people are fairly similar when it comes to how they judge a face’s trustworthiness.They wanted to find out whether that would be true if people only saw a face for a quick moment—an amount of time so short that it would prevent making a conscious judgment. To carry out their study，the researchers monitored the amygdala (杏仁体) of 37 volunteers while showing them 300 faces for 33 milliseconds each.Those faces had already been tested with a different set of 10 subjects ， who saw them for much longer.In those earlier tests，people agreed about whether to trust each face.Faces with higher inner eyebrows and obvious cheekbones are seen as trustworthy and lower eyebrows and shallower cheekbones are seen as untrustworthy.Or we can notice trustworthiness in someone’s face thanks to some clues like the amount of white showing in the eyes. After the new subjects saw each face for 33 milliseconds，the picture was replaced by a neutral face mask for 167 milliseconds.Fascinatingly ， different parts of the amygdala lit up when a subject saw an untrustworthy face and a trustworthy one，and it lit up much more when the face in question was suspicious. “Faces that appear likely to cause harm are suddenly tracked by the amygdala，so it could then quickly change other brain processes and make fast responses to people，” says Jon Freeman，the study’s senior author. His research suggests that the amygdala’s role in instantly interpreting social signs is more important than previously thought. [语篇解读]　一项新的研究表明，大脑杏仁体在快速解析社交信号中发挥着重要 作用，而且比人们原来认为的要重要得多。 1.What’s the purpose of the new study? A.To check whether people can judge one’s trustworthiness in a short time. B.To find whether people can make a correct judgment in a short time. C.To confirm whether people judge a face’s trustworthiness similarly. D.To prove how long it will take for people to trust a strange person. 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，先前的研究表明人们在如何判断人脸 可信度方面极其相似。研究人员想知道，如果看人脸的时间很短的话，这个研究 结果是否仍然有效，为此，他们进行了一项新研究。故选 A 项。] 2.The amygdala lit up more clearly when people __________. A.saw a trustworthy face B.saw an untrustworthy face C.noticed a neutral face mask D.met with a difficult question 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，当新的群体看到(第二段所提到的)面 孔后，再把这些面孔换成一些不带任何特点的(neutral)面孔时，与看到那些信任 或不信任面孔时杏仁体的点亮程度相比，此时杏仁体点亮得更清晰。故选 C 项。] 3.It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that __________. A.Freeman doesn’t think the result of the study is convincing B.people knew little about the importance of amygdala in the past C.people’s talents of making instant judgments are formed after birth D.the amygdala does play an important role in brain’s fast responses 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据文章的最后两段可知，杏仁体会迅速锁定看似很有 可能会造成伤害的面孔，然后快速改变大脑的处理过程，作出快速反应。由此可 推测，杏仁体在其中发挥着重要作用。故选 D 项。] 4.In which column can we probably see the text? A.Education. B.Lifestyle. C.Health. D.Science. 答案　D　[推理判断题。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，而该项研究是为了证明 人脑杏仁体的作用，因此，本文最有可能出现在科学专栏中。故选 D 项。] Ⅵ.完形填空 Jake Olson lost his left eye when he was eight months old because of a born cancer.__1__ it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared and __2__ the loss of his right eye.But after years of cheering for his favorite football team，Jake has __3__ the impossible dream.He’s now a part of the team，despite his total __4__，playing the game not based on sight but on __5__. Being a __6__ fan of the USC Trojans，one of Jake’s last __7__ before he lost his eye was to watch the team play at Notre Dame.His strong liking for the sport didn’t go _8_—former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to meet the _9_. Inspired by those players，Jake hoped to be _10_in his school’s football team.At first he didn’t think he would be of any real _11_，but when he heard people’s cheers for football players，his love for football strengthened.So Jake _12_ the coach，asking to join the team.The coach told him to _13_ the next season.So Jake spent his time practicing hard._14_，he became a starter on the team in the next season.Having made his high school football team ， it didn ’ t seem too _15_ to do the same in college.Coach Steve agreed that Jake _16_ the requirements of the team.So Jake’s dream came true. _17_ football ， Jake is also a motivational speaker.“I went into football with the thought that I had nothing to _18_ ， ” Jake said.“I really had no fear.Going through _19_ in life does make you stronger.Life’s unfair，but it’s _20_ me not to give up and keep fighting.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Jake Olson 双目失明，但这并没有阻止他对运 动的热爱，他是高中和大学橄榄球队的队员，并且他还是一位励志演讲人。 1.A.Unless B.Though C.Only if D.Now that 答案　B　[根据下文的“it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared...”可 知，此处指尽管(Though)经过治疗，癌症被控制住了，但是它还是复发了，并导 致 (led to) Jake Olson 失 去 了 他 的 右 眼 。 主 从 句 之 间 存 在 让 步 关 系 ， 故 选 Though。] 2.A.backed off B.held back C.broke down D.led to 答案　D　[参见上题解析。back off “退缩，退却”；hold back“抑制，阻止”； break down“出故障，崩溃”。] 3.A.forgotten B.quitted C.realized D.ignored 答案　C　[但是，在为他最喜欢的橄榄球队加油多年之后，Jake 实现了(realized) 那个不可能的梦。下文中的“Jake’s dream came true”亦是提示。forget“忘记”； quit“放弃”；ignore“忽视”。] 4.A.blindness B.absence C.deafness D.innocence 答案　A　[根据上文中的“lost his left eye”“the loss of his right eye”可知，此处指 尽管 Jake 双目失明(blindness)，但他现在成了球队的一员。absence“缺席”； deafness“聋”。] 5.A.ability B.guess C.feel D.imagination 答案　C　[根据上文提到的 Jake 双目失明的内容可知，此处指的应是他打球靠 的不是视力而是感觉(feel)。ability“能力”；guess“猜测”；imagination“想 象”。] 6.A.responsible B.faithful C.careful D.temporary 答案　B　[根据语境及上文的“years of cheering for his favorite football team”可知， 此处指作为 USC Trojans 球队的忠实粉丝，Jake 在失去视力之前最后的愿望 (wishes) 之一是观看球队在 Notre Dame 的比赛。responsible“负责任的”； faithful“忠实的”；careful“细心的”；temporary“临时的”。] 7.A.chances B.promises C.courses D.wishes 答案　D　[参见上题解析。] 8.A.unnoticed B.unsolved C.unreported D.unlimited 答案　A　[根据下文的“former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to...” 可知，此处指 Jack 对运动的热爱并不是不被注意的。unnoticed“未被注意的， 被忽视的”；unsolved “未解决的”；unreported “未报道的”；unlimited“无限制 的，无条件的”。] 9.A.leaders B.players C.fans D.coaches 答案　B　[根据语境及上文提到的 Jake 是球队的忠实粉丝以及想观看球队的比 赛的内容可知，此处应是指教练 Pete 邀请 Jake 跟球员们(players)见面。] 10.A.occupied B.involved C.trapped D.absorbed 答案　B　[受到那些球员们的鼓舞，Jake 希望自己能加入学校的橄榄球队。be involved in 是固定搭配，意为“参与，参加”。be occupied in “忙于”；be trapped in “被困在”；be absorbed in“全神贯注于”。] 11.A.interest B.hope C.use D.concern 答案　C　[此处指尽管 Jake 想加入学校的橄榄球队，但是因为自身有残疾，Jake 最初觉得自己加入球队并不会有什么实际的用处(use)。] 12.A.approached B.appreciated C.recognized D.greeted 答案　A　[因此 Jake 找了教练，请求加入球队。approach“靠近，接洽”； appreciate“感谢，欣赏”；recognize“认出，认可”。] 13.A.pull through B.set out C.leave off D.come back 答案　D　[根据下文的“the next season....he became a starter on the team in the next season”可知，此处指教练叫 Jake 下个赛季再回来。pull through“痊愈，康复”； set out“动身踏上”；leave off “停止”；come back“回来，返回”。] 14.A.Gradually B.Finally C.Recently D.Accidentally 答案　B　[所以 Jake 花时间刻苦练习，最后，在下个赛季，他成了球队的上场 球 员 。 gradually“ 逐 渐 地 ”； finally“ 最 后 ， 终 于 ”； recently“ 最 近 ”； accidentally“偶然地，意外地”。] 15.A.difficult B.accessible C.attractive D.necessary 答案　A　[根据上文的“Having made his high school football team”可知，因为有 了高中的球队经历，成为大学球队的队员似乎也不是太难。difficult“困难的”； accessible“可接近的”；attractive“吸引人的”；necessary“必要的”。] 16.A.refreshed B.completed C.satisfied D.acquired 答案　C　[根据句中的“Coach Steve agreed”及下文中的“So Jake’s dream came true” 可知，此处指教练 Steve 觉得 Jake 达到了球队的要求，因此 Jake 加入大学球队 的梦想实现了。refresh“更新”；complete“完成”；satisfy“满足”；acquire“获 得”。] 17.A.Apart from B.Instead of C.Regardless of D.Except for 答案　A　[根据下文的“Jake is also a motivational speaker”可知，除了打橄榄球之 外，Jake 也是一位励志演讲人。apart from“除……之外(还有)”；instead of“而 不是”；regardless of“不管”；except for“除……之外”。] 18.A.share B.lose C.offer D.desire 答案　B　[根据语境及下文的“I really had no fear”可知，此处指 Jake 起初是带着 自己没有任何可失去(lose)的东西的想法开始打橄榄球的。] 19.A.failures B.challenges C.competitions D.fears 答案　B　[Jake 身有残疾，所以要面对许多生活中的挑战(challenges)，而这也使 他变得更加坚强。failure“失败”；competition“竞争”；fear“恐惧”。] 20.A.warned B.begged C.convinced D.taught 答案　D　[根据上文内容可知，此处指的是生活是不公平的，但它告诉 Jake 不 要放弃，要坚持下去。warn“警告”；beg“乞求”；convince“说服”；teach“使 明白”。] B卷 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Patients in the early stages of Alzheimer ’ s disease often struggle to remember recently learned information，meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys.But it seems that these memories are not lost.They are still filed away in the brain somewhere；they just can’t be easily accessed. Now，researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer ’ s.The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元).Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting (发光) equipment into the subjects’ brains，but the same principles still apply，the researchers said. “The important point is that this is evidence of the concept.That is，even if a memory seems to be gone，it is still there.It’s a matter of how to get it back，” said the senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa. The team took two groups of mice，one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer’ s and one healthy.They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock.All of the mice showed fear when put back in an hour later.When placed in the room a third time several days later，the Alzheimer’s mice acted normally.They had forgotten the shock. The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating (激活) the cells in which the memories were stored.Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room，they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated. “Short-term memories seem to be normal in order of hours.But for long-term memories，these early-Alzheimer’s mice seem to be damaged，” said the lead researcher Dheeraj Roy.“Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back.This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information，not that they are unable to learn or store this memory.” [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了利用光控制转基因神经元使早老性痴呆病患者恢 复记忆的技术。 1.What can we learn about the researchers at MIT? A.They are the pioneers of brain research. B.They have used the method in human trials. C.They can cure Alzheimer’s using the new method. D.They can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer’s. 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer’s” 可知，他们能够使患有早老性痴呆病的老鼠恢复记忆。] 2.Why did the Alzheimer’s mice behave normally the third time? A.They failed to remember the electric shock. B.They were accustomed to the situation. C.They managed to overcome the fear. D.They activated the association automatically. 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“the Alzheimer’s mice acted normally.They had forgotten the shock”可知，这些老鼠忘记了受到的电击。] 3.For long-term memories，the early-Alzheimer’s mice __________. A.can transform their brain cells B.can’t learn new tricks well C.can easily get back their memories D.can’t access the information stored 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But for long-term memories，these early-Alzheimer’s mice seem to be damaged”和“Directly activating...this memory” 可知，对于长期记忆来说，这些处于早老性痴呆病早期的老鼠因为(脑细胞)已经 被损害，不能使用这种已经储存的信息。] 4.The main purpose of the text is to __________. A.introduce a method of a research B.report the latest discovery about a disease C.give advice on how to improve memories D.explain how a brain stored information 答案　B　[写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文的主要目的是报道关于早老性痴呆 病的最新发现。] Ⅱ.七选五 How to Deal With Losing in Sports Winning and losing go hand-in-hand when it comes to sports.Great athletes never let the highs get too high ， or the lows get too low.The outcome of a match is uncertain.The only thing that is certain is the competition itself.__1__ The outcome is just the result of all the hard work put in. Congratulate your opponent after a loss.Respect your opponent because they put in as much work，or more than you.This shows respect for the opponent and respect for the contest. Accept the fact that the loss is not one’s fault.This is harder to do in an individual sport，but absolutely important in a team sport.__2__ Don’t get down on yourself.If competing in an individual sport，accept that losing is a part of competing and move on. Examine why you lost the competition.Ask yourself if you did everything possible to prepare for the competition.Ask yourself if you gave it your all during the competition.__3__ This is crucial if competing in an individual sport.If competing in a team sport，recognize that everyone isn’t perfect and examine the loss from the team perspective. __4__ Practice more，or practice better.Correct whatever mistakes you made during the match.Get bigger，stronger，faster，smarter and do whatever it takes. Seek out the support and encouragement of teammates and coaches.Don’t allow yourself to think negatively.Avoid negative people.__5__ Never accuse an opponent of cheating，even if it was true.Again，this will make you seem as if you are looking for excuses. A.Don’t put the blame on anyone. B.Work harder to get better. C.Train hard to achieve your aim. D.Winning is No.1 for great athletes. E.Great athletes love the competition. F.Stay positive and trust in your value. G.Analyze any mistakes you might have made. [语篇解读]　赛场上难免会有失败，勇敢面对失败，分析失败原因，保持良好的 心态才是对待比赛的正确方式。 1.E　[结合空前一句“The only thing that is certain is the competition itself.”可知，比 赛本身比结果更重要。故 E 项(伟大的运动员热爱比赛)符合语境。] 2.A　[根据第三段的主题句“Accept the fact that the loss is not one’s fault.”和最后 一句“...losing is a part of competing and move on.”可知，失败不是任何人的过失， 因此，不要去责备任何人。故选 A 项。] 3.G　[根据第四段主题句“Examine why you lost the competition.”可知，本段主要 内容为多分析失败的原因。故 G 项(分析你可能犯过的任何错误)符合语境。] 4.B　[设空处是本段的主题句。根据空后的“Practice more，or practice better.” 可知，要多练习，由此可知，本段主题为“努力做得更好”。故选 B 项。] 5.F　[根据本段的关键信息“encouragement”和“Avoid negative...”可知，本段是建 议要保持积极的态度。故选 F 项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2018·绵阳高三二模)In my early twenties，I worked in Kuwait (科威特) for several years.One day，a local workmate warned us of a 1.________ (come)sandstorm.I had never seen what a sandstorm looked like 2.________ I told him I wanted to go out just to see it for myself.I received an 3.________ (amaze)look because he thought I was crazy.A Chinese workmate joined me.We stepped off our factory building 4.________ our eyes half closed，our mouths closed and our faces covered.We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even 5.________ (far). Passing through several streets，we saw no one but only rubbish here and there.An hour later，I still couldn’t bear to keep my eyes 6.________ (wide) open.It was time for dinner and 7.________ was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.So we went inside a small shop，8.________ I could clearly see sand on the floor and bought some food.I was happy that 9.________ sandstorm stopped afterwards and we finally returned to our factory ， safe.This was the first time I 10.________ (experience)sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和一位中国同事不顾其他同事的劝 告走出工厂去体验沙尘暴的经历。 1.coming　[考查形容词。空处修饰名词 sandstorm，故用形容词形式，此处表示“即 将到来的沙尘暴”。coming 为形容词，意为“即将来临的”。] 2.so/and　[考查连词。句意：我从来没有看过沙尘暴是什么样子，(所以)我告诉 他我要出去亲自看看。根据空处语境可知，空处前后句间为并列关系或因果关 系。] 3.amazed　[考查形容词。空处修饰名词“look”，形容人的表情，故用 amazed。] 4.with　[考查介词。根据空后的“our eyes half closed，our mouths closed and our faces covered”可知，该句使用了 with 的复合结构“with sth done”。] 5.farther　[考查比较级。根据该句中的“even”可知，此处表示“我们决定走得更 远一点”，故用 far 的比较级。] 6.wide　[考查副词。空处修饰形容词 open，故用副词形式；wide 本身就有副词 词性，意为“完全地”。注意：此处不能填 widely，widely 主要表示距离远、范 围大、地域广等。] 7.it　[考查主语从句。句中 that 引导的从句为真正的主语，空处是形式主语，故 用 it。] 8.where　[考查定语从句。该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 shop，关系词在 从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。] 9.the　[考查冠词。该处特指上文提及的 sandstorm，故用定冠词 the。] 10.had experienced　[考查动词的时态。根据“This was the first time”可知，从句用 过去完成时。] Ⅳ.短文改错 Many years ago，robots are created to help with people’s work.Robots can do many things—for example，they can receive orders and then carry it out.The most obvious advantages of robots is that they can calculate very quickly.As robots get improving all the time，their functions have been large expanded.As a result，many people worry that they will take place of human brains.One thing with sure is that men can ’ t compete with robots in calculating.However，robots has no feelings，so they can’t be real humans.Even if they may look like humans，but they are still machines.It is the emotion what makes the difference between humans and machines. 答案　 Many years ago，robots are were created to help with people’s work.Robots can do many things—for example ， they can receive orders and then carry it them out.The most obvious advantages advantage of robots is that they can calculate very quickly.As robots get improving improved all the time，their functions have been large largely expanded.As a result，many people worry that they will take place of human brains.One thing with for sure is that men can ’ t compete with robots in calculating.However ， robots has have no feelings，so they can’t be real humans.Even if they may look like humans， they are still machines.It is the emotion what that makes the difference between humans and machines. Ⅴ.书面表达 假定你是李华，请以“An Unforgettable Sports Meeting”为主题写一篇回忆录，叙 述高中时期运动会给你留下的难忘记忆。请围绕以下要点： 1.友谊第一，比赛第二； 2.我运动，我快乐； 3.团队精神。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 An Unforgettable Sports Meeting 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [参考范文] An Unforgettable Sports Meeting Last year our school held an annual sports meeting，which has remained a precious memory for me ever since. As an art student，I couldn’t but take part in the relay race.Realizing it was not my strength，my partners spared no effort to train me.When the game started，we were the fastest.With the stick passed on to me ， however ， another competitor fell down accidentally.I didn ’ t hesitate to help him up ， and continued trying my best to compete.Though we got the second place pitifully ， all my classmates stood up cheering for my good deed. Thanks to the sports meeting，not only did I win friendship，but I managed to enjoy myself from sports.