2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项训练（任务型阅读）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项训练（任务型阅读）

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项训练（任务型阅读）‎ ‎1‎ 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分)‎ 请认真阅读下面短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。‎ 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。‎ China Using Mobile Apps to Follow Spread of Coronavirus People in China are using apps on mobile phones to follow and perhaps help slow the spread of the new coronavirus, COVID-19. Some of the apps provide the latest information about areas hit by the virus, while others collect data on infected persons.‎ The Chinese government is working with two of the country’s largest technology companies to keep track of the disease. The two, Alibaba Group and Tencent Holdings, created color-based systems that record the health of individuals and identify carriers of the coronavirus.‎ In February, Alipay, a payment app operated by Alibaba, released a system that uses colored QR Codes to show the health of people in the city of Hangzhou. A QR code is a sign a smartphone can read with its camera. Once the sign is recognized, the phone takes the user directly to an internet link with information about a subject.‎ After completing the questionnaire, users receive a mobile phone message. It includes a color-based QR Code that relates to the health situation they described. Users with a red code are told to quarantine themselves for 14 days and continue reporting their condition by using Alibaba’s DingTalk messaging app. Users with a yellow code are told to stay in quarantine for 7 days, while those with a green code can travel freely.‎ Chinese state media said the Alibaba system would be deployed at train stations, along major roads and other travel checkpoints. They added that the system is also being used in some neighborhoods. People are asked to show QR Codes when entering their apartment buildings. Customers are asked to do the same before entering the local supermarket. Alipay said it was working with the government to expand the system nationwide. ‎ Tencent, which operates China’s popular messaging app WeChat, reported the launch of a similar QR Code-based tracking system. Tencent developed the system with help from China’s National Development and Reform Council, which is currently in use in the southern city of Shenzhen. Officials said they expected it to be deployed to other parts of Guangdong province soon.‎ Even before the latest systems were announced, many Chinese were already using mapping and travel apps in an effort to avoid areas with coronavirus infections. One of the apps, developed by WeChat, uses official reports to identify places in the cities of Shenzhen and Guangzhou where coronavirus cases have been confirmed. ‎ One user of the apps told Reuters she finds the maps can provide “psychological comfort.” The woman, who did not want her full name reported, said: “You can’t guarantee there won’t be fresh cases, but you can avoid an area that’s already hit.”‎ The technology website Abacus reported that citizens can request location data from their mobile phone carrier to show they had not been in affected areas. The report said that if ‎ requested, China’s state-owned telecommunication companies will send users a message listing all the areas they had visited within the past 14 days.‎ China Using Mobile Apps to Follow Spread of Coronavirus New mobile apps ‎* These specially designed apps in use are 71. at following and slowing the spread of COVID-19. ‎ ‎* These systems may help to reveal the 72. of the person infected with the virus.‎ ‎ Alipay system ‎* People can get 73. to online information once the QR codes are recognized. ‎ ‎* The colors of QR codes 74. between red, yellow and white in line with different health situations.‎ ‎* The system is now connected with people’s 75. life in some areas.‎ ‎* The company plans to promote it at a 76. level. ‎ Tencent system ‎* Tencent received 77. help in developing the system.‎ ‎* This system 78. that of Alipay as they are both based on QR codes. ‎ ‎* WeChat 79. official data with its mapping apps and provides psychological comfort for users. ‎ Telecommunication companies ‎* Subscribers can 80. their travel connection with the infected areas through the service of the companies. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ 71. aimed 72.identity 73.access 74.vary/range 75.routine/daily/everyday 76.national 77.governmental/government/official 78.resembles 79.combines 80.clarify ‎ ‎2‎ 任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 请认真下面的短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格处填入一个最恰当的单词，注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。‎ Empathy is our inherent ability to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within the other person’s frame of reference. It allows us to connect with others who seem different, making us more aware of the things we have in common. When we tune in to empathize with others, we are more likely to act with sympathy to help reduce their suffering. And, when we increase our caring for the environment, we are more likely to make choices that help preserve it for future generations.‎ ‎ Although empathy is a vital element of our nature, research suggests that empathy can be taught, and that contact with people who are different from us in a safe, empathic way is the first step toward reducing prejudice. This is where museums have a role to play. Museums are safe and informal learning platforms, uniquely equipped to encourage visitors to imagine, explore, and experience rich human heritage and the natural world firsthand. They have the capability to bring ‎ together arts, technology, sciences, and literature to show how all living things are linked to each other.‎ Museums inspire empathy in us in a number of ways. Through their social and educational mission (使命），museums can provide a safe space for experiencing our collective behavior, knowledge, complex histories, and values. By putting people in closeness to other people’s experiences, their cultures and stories, museums can help us awaken to different realities and multiple perspectives (视角）that exist around us. Personal and diverse encounters (意外的相遇） with people from other cultures —and their ideas, stories, and artifacts —create opportunities for authentic dialogue with “the other”： someone who is different from us, but shares our world. Also museums often present the stories of people and places far away. Telling stories from the point of view of the people and cultures featured can also increase our sense of shared humanity, as we see how others face fears, biases, and challenges similar to our own. More importantly, museums encourage contemplation (沉思）of our world by providing a space where we can slow down and be with what is before us. Unlike many everyday settings where the goal is clear, people explore in museums on their own schedule, moving from exhibit to exhibit as they see fit, following their own internal guidelines. This naturally allows for a more reflective experience. Through this reflection, visitors can acquire a deeper understanding of the viewpoints of others and recognize their own connection to all of humanity and the planet.‎ Museums and empathy Concept of empathy and (71) it brings Empathy refers to the ability to place oneself in another's (72) ·‎ It can make one (73) with other's suffering and behave in a way (74) ____to the environment.‎ ‎(75) __·of Museums Museums (76) ______visitors to the rich human heritage and the matural world which can inspire their (77) _____and arouse their curiosity unknown.·‎ Museums show how all living things are(78)______by combining arts, technology，sciences, and literature.‎ How museums increase empathy Museums hold a mirror to society，through which visitors get(79)______to 0thers'experiences， cultures and stories and then accept the differences around them As a place of storytelling museums can help people breakdown prejudice and increase their sense of shared humanity.‎ Museums provide a safe space where visitors can take time to (80) _______on everything shown and understand others' viewpoints better.‎ ‎【答案】71.benefits 72. position 73. sympathize 74.friendly 75.Functions ‎ ‎76.expose /introduce 77. imagination 78. Linked / interconnected 79.close 80. reflect ‎3‎ 任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 请认真下面的短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格处填入一个最恰当的单词，注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。‎ Escape from FoMO Here's a test you might enjoy：rate these situations on a number scale，ranging from 1for mild discomfort to 7 for unbearable distress．‎ Situation 1：you're visiting New York City and realize there's no way you'll be able to get to all the exhibits，see all the recommended plays or take in even part of the"musts"．How do you feel now？Something like 5？‎ Situation 2：you，re at dinner with friends，and you've all agreed to make it a strictly phone-free evening．But your smartphone won't stop beeping Twitter and text alerts．Something is obviously up in your social network，but you can't check．Even 7wouldn't match the stress you're feeling now．‎ Welcome to FoMO （Fear of Missing Out），the latest mental disorder caused by social media connections sharing updates that leaves individuals feeling that they are missing out on something more exciting，important，or interesting going on somewhere else．It is an outcome of technological advancement and booming social information．According to a recent study，56per cent of those who use social networks suffer this．‎ It is not uncommon that at night when you've sworn again to put the phone aside or turn off the computer，you cast one last glance at the screen on your way to bed in case you miss some titbit （趣闻）supplied by mere acquaintances or even strangers'requesting your"friendship"．‎ We all know the studies showing that end-of-life regrets centre on what we didn't do，rather than on what we did．If so，constantly watching others doing things that we are not is rich ground for a future of looking back in sorrow．Attractive online images-so charming from afar-make FoMO more destructive．Technology has become the major construct through which we define intimacy （亲密）．You may look on in wonder as someone taps out an endless text message instead of actually talking to the person they're with．Being connected to everyone，all the time，is a new human experience； we，re just not equipped to cope with it yet．‎ Researchers say our dependence on technology can be reduced if we manage to separate ourselves，even for short periods of time，from our gadgets．However，the problem can only be settled when we grasp that our brains and our humanity-not our technologies-enable this addiction．We cannot seek solutions without honestly asking ourselves why we are so afraid of missing out．Researchers find FoMO occurs mostly in people with unfulfilled psychological needs in fields such as love，respect and security．FoMO levels are highest in young people，in particular young men．‎ What，then，can we do about something so damaging to our quality of life？The best way to cope with FoMO is to recognize that，at our fast-paced life，we are sometimes bound to miss out．Instead of trying to maximize our benefits，we seek a merely"good enough"result．If you still doubt that"good enough"is the best cure for FoMO，the words of the American essayist and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson might strike the right chord，"For everything you have missed，you have gained something else，and for everything you gain，you lose something else．"‎ Escape from FoMO Main Points Details Concept of FoMO FoMO，constantly （71） ___ our peace of mind，refers to the unease of feeling that we are not part of social connection．‎ Examples of FoMO ‎•When having dinner with friends，we feel extremely depressed when（72） ___ to check our social network．‎ ‎•Determined as we are to put aside phones，we can't shift our （73） ___from them until we go to bed．‎ ‎（74） ___behind FoMO ‎•Technology develops and social information explodes．‎ ‎•Images of online friends （75） ___ more to us，compared to our real world friends．‎ ‎•Some of us attempt to feel（76） ___ A fulfilled on social network．‎ Bad effects of FoMO ‎•We are constantly （77） ___for things that we didn't do．‎ ‎•Communicating with friends in the virtual world gives（78） ___ to the decline of important relationships with friends and family．‎ Suggestions on avoiding FoMo ‎•Get （798） ___ from the modern technology．‎ ‎•Recognize that missing out is part of our life．‎ ‎•Accept that （80） ___can sometimes be"a blessing in disguise"．‎ ‎【答案】71．Disturbing 72．Forbidden 73．attention/focus/concentration 74．Reasons/Triggers/Causes 75．Appeal 76．Psychologically 77．regretful/sorry 78．Rise 79．separated/away/disconnected 80．losses/loss ‎4‎ 任务型阅读（10分）‎ This time of year, thousands of college applicants wait for e-notices and auspiciously(吉利地) sized envelopes from schools, under terrible pressure from their parents, friends, teachers, and themselves. As to this, I offer some advice, which comes not only from a bit of experience, but also a bit of research: just cool out and continue, okay?‎ Many parents and students think there is a world of difference between the lifelong outcomes of an Aminus student who gets into, say. Princeton, and an Aminus student who applies to Princeton but “only” gets into some less selective school, like Penn State or the University of Wisconsin. They assume that a decision made by faceless Ivy League admissions officers, to some extent, will mark the difference between success and failure in life.‎ There are two important things to say about this stress. First, to put the anxiety into context, the kids applying to these schools are already doing quite well. Seventy percent of 29yearolds don't have a bachelor's degree, and the majority of BAs are earned at nonselective schools that accept a majority of their applicants. Many of the applicants have already won life's lottery.‎ But if that doesn't ease the nerves of the 40，000 people waiting on Stanford or Penn, here is a more encouraging conclusion from economics. For most applicants, it doesn't matter if they don't get into their top choice, according to a paper by Stacy Dale, a mathematician at Mathematica Policy Research, and Alan Krueger, an economist at Princeton University. They tracked two groups of students—one that attended college in the 1970s and the other in the early 1990s. They wanted to know：Did students attending the most elite colleges earn more in their 30s. 40s. and ‎ ‎50s than students with similar SAT scores, who were rejected by elite colleges? The short answer was no. Or, in the author's language, the difference between the students who went to superselective schools and the students with similar SAT scores rejected by those schools and went to less selective institutions was “indistinguishable from zero.”‎ What does that mean? It means that, for many students, “who you are” is more important than where you go. It's hard to show that highly selective colleges add much earning power, even with their distinguished professors and professional networks. In addition, the decision of admissions officers isn't as important as the sum of the decisions, habits, and relationships students have built up to this point in their young life.‎ For the elite colleges themselves, the DaleKrueger paper had additional, fascinating findings. It's found that the most selective schools do make an extraordinary difference in life earning for minority students from lesseducated families who are more likely to rely on colleges to provide the training and job networks with great influence. Getting into Princeton if your parents went to Princeton? Fine, although not a gamechanger. But getting into Princeton if your parents both left community college after a year? That could be gamechanging. Whatever the results, it's more important to choose a university that is suited to the college applicants.‎ What is an elite college really worth for ?‎ Introduction College applicants tend to feel 71._________while awaiting admission decisions.‎ Author's advice College applicants should cool down and carry 72.________.‎ General 73.________‎ Success and failure in life is partly74.________ by which school you will go to.‎ Two important things Those 75. to the top universities have already won half the battle in their young life.‎ Students graduating from top universities don't necessarily earn more money than those who are turned76. by top universities.‎ Implication of the research ‎77.________ qualities matter more than where a student gets degree.‎ ‎78.________ can be more important than the social and problemsolving skills students have acquired.‎ Additional findings of the research Minority students from lesseducated families can gain access to the ‎ ‎79. networks through highly selective colleges.‎ ‎80._________‎ It makes sense to find a good fit.‎ 任务型阅读 ‎71.stressed/pressured 72.on 73.assumption 74.decided/determined 75.applying ‎76.down 77.Personal/Individual 78.Nothing 79.influential 80.fit