【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解话题阅读社会生活类（含详细解析）学案（48页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解话题阅读社会生活类（含详细解析）学案（48页）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解话题阅读 社会生活类 主旨大意题解题技巧 ‎【考题探究】‎ 阅读理解中非常重要的一个技巧就是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意，也就是中心思想。一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的主旨大意，这就需要考生具备归纳和概括等方面的能力。而这种归纳和概括能力又常常是考试中考查的重点。‎ 研读高考真题，我们会总结出，对于文章或段落的主旨概括设问的形式一般是：‎ ‎1．The main idea of the passage(text) is________．‎ ‎2．The text (passage)is mainly about________．‎ ‎3．What does the passage mainly discuss (deal with)?‎ ‎4．Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?‎ ‎5．The main point of the passage is________．‎ ‎6．The best headline for this newspaper article would be________．‎ ‎7．Which of the following is the best title to be given to the article?‎ ‎8．What is the topic of the text?‎ ‎9．The main purpose of the story is to tell us________．‎ ‎10．The conclusion we can get from the story is________．‎ 大家只要记住，看到问题中使用mainly，main，title，headline，topic，conclusion等词时，就能仔细领会文章的主旨大意了。‎ ‎【方法指导】‎ 文章(或段落)的构成有其内在的规律性，其中心思想往往是通过主题句来体现的。因此考生对以下四种结构应首先有所了解，然后通过一系列有意识的训练进而掌握它们。‎ ‎1．主题句在篇(段)首的结构 这种结构通常用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别(特殊)的步骤，即先概述，然后用细节加以说明。‎ Jane Clark，fairhaired，blueeyed and tough as steel，has just won the most difficult race in the world.In seventeen days she drove a dog team and sledge(雪橇)across 1，050 miles of the Arctic Circle and through some of the most difficult land in the world.In bitter(刺骨的) winds and snowstorms she drove her dogs along the Arctic track, in temperatures that reached —38℃.When Jane was asked how she felt about being the first woman ever to win the race，she said，“I still can’t believe it.”She then went over to inspect her thirteen wildeyed dogs.David Wilson，who came second，said，“It sure hurts when a young woman is ahead of you.But it doesn’t hurt for long.She was a good winner.”‎ Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article?‎ A．Woman wins the world’s toughest race!‎ B．Woman fights bitter winds and snowstorms!‎ C．Woman wins a sledge race in the world!‎ D．Woman drives a dog team across the Arctic!‎ 解析　这篇文章的首句就是主题句，其后的句子或是具体说明“世界上最困难的比赛”，或是从侧面说明赢得这场比赛的不容易。本篇的终结句进一步呼应了主题句。所以答案是A。‎ 答案　A ‎2．主题句在末尾的结构 尾句是主题句的结构通常是用归纳法撰写的，其步骤是先表述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般，由特殊性到共性。‎ On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin.Everyone was astonished to see him.There was just one problem.Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates.He rolled on and on.Suddenly，he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall.Down fell the mirror，breaking into pieces.Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!‎ What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?‎ A．The roller skates needed further improvement.‎ B．The party guests took Merlin for a fool.‎ C．Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.‎ D．Merlin got himself into trouble.‎ 解析　这段文字从Merlin入场的细节叙述，最后一句做了归纳总结：“很长一段时间大家都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。”可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案为C。‎ 答案　C ‎3．主题句在中间的结构 有些主题句既不在篇(段)首，也不在篇(段)尾，而是处于篇章(或段落)的中间。这样的结构往往先以一句或几句为主题句的出现作铺垫，或是交代细节或论据。在主题句出场后，仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。‎ 这类结构包括三个层次：引题——主题思想——解释或继续给予例证。从它的写作程序来看，也可分为三部曲：归纳——结论——演绎，即给出一两个例证之后，做出概括性的总结，然后再给予例证来证实其论点。请看下例：‎ When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can，the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment，and then it comes down.When a bullet(子弹)is shot straight up，it will travel much faster and higher than a ball，but it，too，will come down.Whatever__goes__up__must__come__down.We have always thought this to be true.An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long.Yet it does not stay up forever.Finally，like everything else，the plane must come down.‎ 本段文字中下画线的这句话就是主题句。其行文顺序和写作程序与上述的模式完全吻合。‎ ‎4．没有主题句的结构 没有主题句的篇章(或段落)，并不是没有主题思想，它们的主题思想不是由具体的某句话表示的，而是在文中含蓄地存在着，需要读者自己归纳总结。这种结构通常是叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。‎ Shu Pulong has helped at least 1，000 people bitten(咬)by snakes.“It was seeing people with snake bites(伤口)that led me to this career，”he said.‎ In 1963，after his army service，Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine.As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains.There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.‎ ‎“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met.It was a very hot afternoon.The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand.He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake.In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart.Rushing home he shouted，“Bring me the knife.” Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.‎ ‎“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.”Shu said.‎ The best headline(标题)for this newspaper article is________．‎ A．Astonishing Medicine B．Farmer Loses Arm C．Dangerous Bites D．Snake Doctor 解析　文章陈述了一系列同等重要的细节，都是围绕“一位治疗毒蛇咬伤的医生”展开的。所以标题为D。‎ 答案　D 总之，正确理解文章或段落的主题思想是阅读的首要目的。因此，提高识别文章结构并准确找出主题句的能力和准确归纳总结出无主题句文章的主题思想的能力，是提高阅读理解能力的重要环节。而从无主题句的文章中总结出主题思想的能力尤其是考试的重点，也是我们平常阅读训练时难度较大的一项，这就需要我们在阅读任何文章时都要下意识地归纳总结其主旨大意。‎ 要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的写作方式。一般来说，标题的写作方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的短语。‎ 比如某一文章的中心句子为：‎ Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world.‎ 话题：Coffee 控制性概念：is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world 标题：Coffee Around the World 注意，做此类题时，要避免下列三种错误：‎ ‎1．概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而导致范围太小)；‎ ‎2．过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；‎ ‎3．以事实、细节替代抽象的大意。‎ ‎ ‎ 真题演练 Passage 1‎ ‎(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ Grandparents Answer a Call As a third－generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.‎ ‎ No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama’s mother－in－law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study of grandparents.com，83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.‎ ‎“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough and fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”‎ Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no ‎ and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.‎ ‎1．Why was Garza’s move a success?‎ A．It strengthened her family ties.‎ B．It improved her living conditions.‎ C．It enabled her make more friends.‎ D．It helped her know more new places.‎ ‎2．What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision?‎ A．17% expressed their support for it.‎ B．Few people responded sympathetically.‎ C．83% believed it had a bad influence.‎ D．The majority thought it was a trend.‎ ‎3．What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?‎ A．They were unsure of themselves.‎ B．They were eager to raise more children.‎ C．They wanted to live away from their parents.‎ D．They had little respect for their grandparent.‎ ‎4．What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?‎ A．Make decisions in the best interests of their own B．Ask their children to pay more visits to them C．Sacrifice for their struggling children D．Get to know themselves better Passage 2‎ ‎(2016·全国Ⅱ)A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first－rate photo－journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.‎ The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian－built three－master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.‎ As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well－researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton, a onetime British merchant－navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.‎ ‎1．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ A．They were made last week.‎ B．They showed undersea sceneries.‎ C．They were found by a cameraman.‎ D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.‎ ‎2．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ A．Frank Hurley. B．Ernest Shackleton.‎ C．Robert Falcon Scott. D．Caroline Alexander.‎ ‎3．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research.‎ C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.‎ Passage 1‎ ‎(2015·全国Ⅰ)Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening，as on every Thursday night，psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes，coffee drinking and the “talking cure”．Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isn’t always easy.The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say ‘one feels，’ or ‘people think’，”Lehanne told them.“Say ‘I think，’ ‘Think me’．”‎ A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed？It couldn’t seem more un－French.But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself：It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours，a fast－food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of ‎ new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the evening.‎ The city’s “psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.Middle－aged homemakers，retirees，and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love，anger and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel.“There’s a strong need in Paris for communication，”says Maurice Frisch a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldn’t exist，”she says，“If life weren’t a battle，people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then，It wouldn’t be France.‎ ‎1．What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?‎ A．Learn a new subject. ‎ B．Keep in touch with friends.‎ C．Show off their knowledge. ‎ D．Express their true feelings.‎ ‎2．How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?‎ A．They are less frequently visited.‎ B．They stay open for longer hours.‎ C．They have bigger night crowds.‎ D．They start to serve fast food.‎ ‎3．What are theme cafes expected to do?‎ A．Create more jobs. B．Supply better drinks.‎ C．Save the cafe business. D．Serve the neighborhood.‎ ‎4．Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?‎ A．They bring people true friendship.‎ B．They give people spiritual support.‎ C．They help people realize their dreams.‎ D．They offer a platform for business links.‎ Passage 2‎ ‎(2015·重庆高考)There are many places to go on safari(观赏野生动物)in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana’s Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world’s most exciting wildlife journeys.‎ Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.‎ The morning ride，when the guides take you to beautiful，shallow lakes full of water lilies，tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face.It is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals，too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants，giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though，as does your heart rate，as you move closer to them.‎ In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace.With golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses，the romance of Africa comes to life.‎ Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day，you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word “They” refer to?‎ A．Flooded waters. B．Wildlife journeys.‎ C．Safari camps. D．Unique rides.‎ ‎2．What does the author find most exciting about a horse safari?‎ A．Seeing and feeling the real African life.‎ B．Enjoying good food and wine at the camp.‎ C．Hunting large animals just as our ancestors did.‎ D．Being part of the scene and getting close to animals.‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “sedate” probably mean?‎ A．Wild and romantic. B．Slow and peaceful.‎ C．Hungry and thirsty. D．Active and excited.‎ ‎4．The author introduces the riding experience in the OKavango Delta mainly by________．‎ A．following space order B．following time order C．making classifications D．giving examples Passage 3‎ ‎(2015·福建高考)Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy.It can also be ‎ full of challenges, setbacks(挫折) and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱) that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.‎ This tension between what we feel we can have and what we’re seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的) suffering, the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think it’s easier to just give up.But we’re never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us.It’s the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that, you begin to feel a little “dead” inside because you’re dropping “you”．‎ So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns?‎ Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today’s challenges.‎ While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can’t.That isn’t a reason to stop, it’s just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.It’s all about starting simple and doing it now.‎ Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release__from__the__jail__of__your__mind and you’ll be on your way.‎ ‎1．It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should ________．‎ A．slow down and live a simple life B．be careful when we choose to change C．stick to our dreams under any circumstances D．be content with what we already have ‎2．What is the key to breaking the old patterns?‎ A．To focus on every detail.‎ B．To decide and take immediate action.‎ C．To listen to those close to us.‎ D．To think twice before we act.‎ ‎3．Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?‎ A．Escape from your punishment.‎ B．Realization of your dreams.‎ Ziyuanku.comC．Freedom from your tension.‎ D．Reduction of your expectations.‎ ‎4．What does the author intend to tell us?‎ A．It’s easier than we think to get what we want.‎ B．It’s important to learn to accept sufferings in life.‎ C．It’s impractical to change our way of thinking.‎ D．It’s harder than we expect to follow a new course.‎ Passage 4‎ ‎(2015·安徽高考)Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural ‎ (农村的) and urban areas within one country.‎ Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.‎ Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.‎ Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red－colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.‎ Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.‎ ‎1．According to the passage, sharing bread________．‎ A．indicates a lack of food ‎ B．can help to develop unity C．is a custom unique to rural areas D．has its roots in birthday celebrations ‎2．What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?‎ A．Trust. B．Success.‎ C．Health. D．Togetherness.‎ ‎3．The author explains the role of food in celebrations by________．‎ A．using examples B．making comparisons C．analyzing causes D．describing processes ‎4．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．The custom of sharing food. ‎ B．The specific meaning of food.‎ C．The role of food in ceremonies.‎ D．The importance of food in culture.‎ Passage 5‎ ‎(2014·安徽高考)Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city？In order to answer this question，we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area.Not all historical buildings are attractive.However，there may be other reasons—for example，economic (经济的) reasons—why they should be preserved.So，let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.What should we do then if a new building is needed?‎ In my view，new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.Indeed，there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings.As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much，it often improves the attractiveness of the area.‎ It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in，but the same can be said of some old buildings too.Yet people still speak ‎ against new buildings in historic areas.I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的)and do not like change.‎ Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings，I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move__things__forward．If we always reproduced what was there before，we would all still be living in caves.Thus，I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different，even though that might be the more risky choice.‎ ‎1．What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?‎ A．Some of them are not attractive.‎ B．Most of them are too expensive to preserve.‎ C．They are more pleasing than modern buildings.‎ D．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.‎ ‎2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?‎ A．We should reproduce the same old buildings.‎ B．Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.‎ C．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.‎ D．No one understands why people speak against new buildings.‎ ‎3．By“move things forward”in the last paragraph，the author probably means“________”．‎ A．destroy old buildings B．put things in a different place ‎ C．choose new architectural styles D．respect people’s feelings for historical buildings ‎4．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To explain why people dislike change.‎ B．To warn that we could end up living in caves.‎ C．To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.‎ D．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.‎ Passage 6‎ ‎(2014·重庆高考)There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older，while others hold that if they stop exercising，their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths：‎ I’ll never lose weight—I come from a fat family Wrong！While we can’t change the body type we are born with，we can’t blame our genes for making us fat.There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families，and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.‎ I am fat because I burn calories slowly Wrong！Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢)．In fact，although fat people consume more energy than slim people，they also fail to realize how much they eat！Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.‎ Exercise is boring Wrong！Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk，take a different route.If you do yoga，try a tai chi class.If you like ‎ swimming，set yourself a distance or time challenge.‎ No pain，no gain Wrong！Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed，pain is your body telling you something’s wrong，and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly，but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they don’t，rest and seek medical advice.‎ ‎1．What does the author think about being fat?‎ A．It is the family genes that make people fat.‎ B．People are fat because they consume too little energy.‎ C．A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.‎ D．It is the consequence of people’s unbalanced lifestyle.‎ ‎2．According to the author，how can we make exercise more interesting?‎ A．By taking varied exercise.‎ B．By choosing simple exercise.‎ C．By doing regular exercise.‎ D．By sticking to outdoor exercise.‎ ‎3．What is the author’s opinion about“No pain，no gain”in exercising?‎ A．Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.‎ B．Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.‎ C．Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.‎ D．Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.‎ ‎4．What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A．To declare the importance of keeping fit.‎ B．To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.‎ C．To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.‎ D．To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.‎ Passage 7‎ ‎(2014·福建高考)Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.Strange as it may seem，if you’re unsatisfied，the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don’t have enough tastes.‎ Real riches consist of well－developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life.Most people are already swamped(淹没) with things.They eat，wear，go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms，yet their house of life is a hut.‎ Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅)，a royal palace.Every new taste，every additional interest，every fresh enthusiasm adds a room.Here are several rooms your house of life should have.‎ Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things.If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them，they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when you’re hungry.‎ Literature，classic literature，is a beautiful，richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment.To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person，for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.‎ Music like Mozart’s and Bach’s shouldn’t be absent.Real riches are of the spirit.And ‎ when you’ve brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk，you have increased your thrills and bettered them.And life is a matter of thrills.‎ Sports，without which you remain poor，mean a lot in life.No matter who you are，you would be more human，and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days，if you could，and did，play a bit.‎ Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life，the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.‎ ‎1．The author intends to tell us that ________．‎ A．true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means B．big houses are people’s most valued possessions C．big houses can in a sense bring richness of life D．true happiness comes from spiritual riches ‎2．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that ________．‎ A．however materially rich，they never seem to be satisfied B．however materially rich，they remain spiritually poor C．though their house is big，they prefer a simple life D．though their house is big，it seems to be a cage ‎3．It can be learned from the passage that ________．‎ A．more money brings more happiness B．art is needed to make your house beautiful C．literature can enrich your spiritual life D．sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness ‎4．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．House of Life B．Secret of Wealth C．Rest and Refreshment D．Interest and Enthusiasm Passage 8‎ ‎(2014·陕西高考)Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight，while the French，who consume rich food，continue to stay thin？Now a research by Cornell University suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight.Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.However，Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.‎ According to Dr.Joseph Mercola，a health expert，the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table，while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped.In addition，he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.The French，instead，tend to shop daily，walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits，vegetables，and eggs as well as high－quality meats for each meal.‎ After a visit to the United States，Mireille Guiliano，author of French Women Don’t Get Fat，decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food.Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.‎ In spite of all these differences，evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesity—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%.However，as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions，the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%－and is growing.‎ ‎1．In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr.Joseph Mercola?‎ A．They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.‎ B．They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.‎ C．They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles.‎ D．They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.‎ ‎2．This text is mainly about the relationship between ________．‎ A．Americans and the French ‎ B．lifestyle and obesity C．children and adults ‎ D．fast food and overweight ‎3．The text is mainly developed ________．‎ A．by contrast B．by space C．by process D．by classification ‎4．Where does this text probably come from?‎ A．A TV interview. B．A food advertisement. ‎ C．A health report. D．A book review.‎ Passage 1‎ ‎(2017·广西桂林、崇左市高三下学期4月联合考试)A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children.Although rather shocking，it should not surprise anyone who has seen the doggy parlours(客厅) where loved pets rest.Are Americans unique in treating their little friends in this way? No，the English，too，pay more attention to their pets.‎ This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods，which often contain more vitamins than human food.They certainly cost much.Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone，to say nothing of veterinary bills or animal furniture.It is difficult not to feel angry about this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty，so it’s not unusual for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.‎ There are a variety of reasons why I find pets－raising alarming.They cause physical problems.An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets.Many people find this funny，but in a number of large cities it is a major problem.Animals can cause disease，too.It is the threat of babies—a disease with no known cure.‎ Another problem is the carelessness of pet owners.Most little children want a dog or a cat，and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one.It is only when the “sweet little thing” has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Rover” or “Bonzo”．Then they just abandon it.As a result，they are allowed to run free.English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year，killed by someone’s pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.‎ Lastly，I would only suggest that we have got our priorities wrong and that something should be done about it.In my view，it’s time we stopped being sentimental about pets.I can see no reason why we should get upset when animals are cut up for medical experiments.This will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases，then I say，“keep cutting！”‎ ‎1．The doggy parlours are mentioned in the 1st paragraph to show ________．‎ A．what costly lives the pets are living B．where Americans keep their pets C．why children love their pets so much D．how much pets depend on their masters ‎2．In the second paragraph “to get hot under the collar” probably means ________．‎ A．getting quite hot B．becoming excited C．feeling extremely angry D．receiving a fashionable shirt ‎3．According to the author，in which field can animals be most useful?‎ A．Food. B．Sports.‎ C．Entertainment. D．Medicine.‎ ‎4．What is the author’s attitude towards pets－raising?‎ A．Sympathetic. B．Opposed.‎ C．Pitiful. D．Supportive.‎ Passage 2‎ ‎(2017·重庆南开中学高三下学期二诊模拟)After watching my mother deal with our family of five，I can’t understand why her answer to the question，“What do you do？” is always，“Oh，I’m just a housewife.” JUST a housewife? Anyone who spends most of her time in meal preparation and clean－up，keeping the house clean，attending PTA meetings，leading a scout troop，playing a taxi driver to us kids when it’s time for school，musical lessons or the dentist，doing volunteer work for her community is not just a housewife.She’s the real Wonder Woman.‎ Why is it that so many mothers like mine regard themselves as second－class citizens or something similar? Where has this stereotype come from? Has our society made “going to work” outside the house more important than what a housewife must face each day? I would be curious to see what would happen if a housewife went on strike.Dishes would pile up and food in the house would run out.There would be no clean towels when needed.Walking and bus riding would increase.‎ I doubt if the man of the house would be able to take over.Oh，he would probably start out with the attitude that he can do just as good a job，but how long would that last? Not long，once he had to come home each night after work to more housework.There would be no coming home to a prepared meal; The kids would all be screaming for something to eat，clean clothes and more bus fare money.Once he quieted the kids，he’d have to clean the house，go shopping，make sure that kids got a bath，after cleaning out all the dog hairs from the bathtub.Once the kids were down for the night，he might be able to crawl into an unmade bed and try to read the morning newspaper.‎ ‎1．What does the writer’s mother NOT do according to the first paragraph ?‎ A．Cooking. B．Tidying the house.‎ C．Driving a taxi. D．Some unpaid work.‎ ‎2．The underlined word “stereotype” in the second paragraph can be replaced by ________．‎ A．mother B．citizen C．similarity D．thought ‎3．In the second paragraph，the writer suggests that ________．‎ A．mothers are actually great women B．our society looks down upon housewives C．housewives should go on a strike D．doing housework is not important at all ‎4．The possible main idea of the third paragraph is ________．‎ A．men should share housework with their wives B．attitude is not the only thing needed to do a job well C．kids are the most challenging part of the housework D．men are unlikely to handle the work of a housewife Passage 3‎ ‎(2017·江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)What does it mean to cry over a book? “I’m a reader who did not weep，” Ruth Graham，a well－known critic，wrote.“Does this make me heartless? Or does it make me a grown－up？”‎ Tears have played a surprisingly important part in the history of the novel.Readers have always asked about the role that emotion plays in reading: What does it mean to be deeply moved by a book? Which books are worthy objects of our feelings?‎ In different times，people answered those questions in different ways.In the eighteenth century，when the novel was still a new form，crying was a sign of readers’ virtue.“Sentimental” novels，full of touching scenes，gave readers an occasion to exercise their “finer feelings.” Your tear proved your susceptibility(易感性)to the suffering of others.‎ At that time，sentimental novels were hugely popular，but also easy to attack.Tears，after all，had no necessary connection to actual virtue，and they could be fake.There ‎ could also be too many of them.As the critic John Mullan points out，by the end of the eighteenth century，the word “sentimental” had acquired a new meaning—“addicted to indulgence(沉溺)in superficial(肤浅的)emotion”—bringing it closer to the meaning that it has for us today.‎ In the nineteenth century，the meaning of tears evolved in two different directions.Some writers sought to waken “higher” feelings in their readers: Victorian sentimentalists wrote touching scenes in an effort to inspire social and political reform.However，the “sensation” novel，a different type of Victorian best－seller，showed that tears could be enjoyable in themselves.Sensation novels were the forerunners(先导)of the modern thriller and mystery.Heavy on secrets，and madness，they were known for creating physical “sensations” in their readers—trembling，a fast beating heart，and tears.But these were tears without moral purpose or effect.‎ Today’s debate about crying while reading looks back on all of this history.The debate，in fact，is about why books matter to us，and what reading is “for.” Talking about what makes us cry is a way of talking about ourselves.‎ ‎1．What was people’s attitude towards crying over novels in the early 18th century?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Positive.‎ C．Uncaring. D．Worried.‎ ‎2．According to the text，“sensation” novels ________．‎ A．were similar to the modern thriller and mystery ‎ B．were the same as sentimental novels C．aimed for social and political reform ‎ D．tended to amuse the readers ‎3．The author presents this text mainly ________．‎ A．by providing examples ‎ B．by making comparisons ‎ C．by following the order of time ‎ D．by following the order of importance ‎4．What’s the best title for the text?‎ A．Crying while reading through centuries ‎ B．The history of the novel ‎ C．Sentimental novels & sensation novels ‎ D．Why books matter to us ‎ Passage 4‎ ‎(2017·四川成都高中毕业班一诊)We have most friends at the age of 26 after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle，a new research has claimed.‎ The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks at 26 years and 7months，at which we typically have five close friends.Women are most popular at 25 years and 10 months，with men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months.‎ The research，by Forever Friends，shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school，with about a fifth saying they meet them at work.‎ Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship.The research points out that 25 to 34－year－olds make 22 friends via Facebook，compared to 18 to 24－year－olds who make 12，and 35 to 44－year－olds who make just four.‎ Forever Friends’ relationship coach Sam Owen says：“It is no coincidence that over ‎ a third of us meet our best friends at school.It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes，giving gifts，seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot.As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference.”‎ Later in life we find ourselves losing friends.Over half of us lose friendship through moving，while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals.Having children also causes 19% to drift__away__from childhood friends.‎ With growing pressures being put on friendship these days，it’s important to make time for our friendship.‎ ‎1．How many friends can a 20－year－old college student make via Facebook?‎ A．4. B．12. C．18. D．22.‎ ‎2．In Paragraph 5，the author is trying to tell the readers ________.‎ A．how important making friends is B．that friendship is not easy to keep C．how much has been done to keep friendship D．that friendship at school is important ‎3．The underlined phrase “drift away from”in Paragraph 6 means “________”．‎ A．make sense of B．lose contact with C．feel sorry for D．make up with ‎4．This passage is most probably taken from ________．‎ A．Facebook or Twitter B．an advertisement C．a textbook D．a newspaper Passage 5‎ ‎(2017·湖南东部六校高三联考)I was born and raised in England in a culture where privacy and “keeping yourself to yourself” were valued traditions.Speaking to strangers was not encouraged.People were most hospitable(好客的) and friendly—but only once they had been introduced to new people.‎ However，I have been lucky enough to spend some time in both Italy and the US，where I found traditions of hospitality and politeness to be very different.‎ I experienced Italian hospitality first－hand on a crowded railway carriage travelling，one afternoon，from Genoa to Florence.Sinking gratefully into an empty seat，I was berated (训斥) in rapid Italian by a gentleman who was returning to this seat—it had not been “spare” after all.I apologized in English，and got up to allow him back into the seat.The gentleman obviously had no understanding of the English language，but he，too，realized my genuine mistake.He smiled and gestured for me to remain in the seat，and he himself remained standing in the corridor for the remainder of the journey.The other occupants of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them.I feel that if this had been in England，a foreigner who made a mistake would not always be so kindly treated.‎ Transport also featured in the differences I noticed between English and American culture.I flew to New York on a plane with mainly English passengers.We sat together in near silence.Nobody spoke to me nor，as I expected，to anyone else they did not know.They felt it was not polite to intrude on someone else’s privacy.However，when I travelled across the United States，whether by plane or Greyhound bus，I was never short of conversation.Conversation was going on all around me and whoever sat next to me was happy to introduce themselves and ask me about myself.They obviously felt it would have been rude not to speak to another person，whether they were strangers or not.‎ ‎1．What do we know about the occupants of the carriage when the author was travelling in Italy?‎ A．They all laughed at the author for his mistake.‎ B．They were all on the side of the gentleman.‎ C．They would not bear a mistake like the author’s in public.‎ D．They all showed their understanding of the author’s mistake.‎ ‎2．The author finally believes the Italian people are________．‎ A．cold B．rude C．hospitable D．helpful ‎3．According to the last paragraph，English passengers sat in near silence because ________．‎ A．they were all strangers to each other B．they were too tired to speak C．privacy was a valued tradition in England D．everybody had their own share of privacy ‎4．The purpose of the author is to tell us ________．‎ A．his travelling experience B．cultural differences to show hospitality and politeness C．the culture shock he experienced in Italy and the US D．how to adapt ourselves to a new culture Passage 6‎ ‎(2017·山西四校高三第二次联考)For most caffeine(咖啡因) consumers，its chief benefit is that it helps you get more done.This is what makes it unusual，says Stephen Braun，author of Buzz：The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine.‎ ‎“Its appeal is that it helps us earn more money，”he adds.“What makes it different ‎ from other drugs is that it’s used as a productivity tool—not for pleasure.”‎ Many of history’s creative minds have also been associated with a large amount of caffeine consumption.‎ According to one biographer，the French novelist and playwright Balzac drank as many as 50 cups of coffee a day.“Were it not for coffee，one could not write，which is to say one could not live，”he once insisted.‎ For seven years，the film－maker David Lynch ate at the same Los Angeles diner every day，drinking up to seven sweetened cups of coffee “with lots of sugar”in one sitting，which he said would guarantee that “lots of ideas”arrived.‎ Ludwig van Beethoven was said to have painstakingly counted out exactly 60 coffee beans per cup when he brewed (煮) coffee.‎ Perhaps recent tales of caffeine excess featured the singer Robbie Williams，who reportedly consumed 36 cups of black coffee and 20 cans of Red Bull a day.‎ It is the routine task itself，as much as the stimulating(刺激的)effects of caffeine，that makes the process so important，says Mason Currey，author of Daily Rituals：How Artists Work.“A lot of artists use the process of making coffee as a gateway to the creative process，”he adds.“You need to get into the right mindset to do that sort of work，and the preparation process provides a focus.”‎ One problem with attempting to control caffeine，says Braun，is that it affects everyone differently—it is impossible to work out a “safe” limit that works for everyone.“Eventually，you have to become your own scientist—there isn’t an alternative to careful self－experimentation，”he says.‎ ‎1．Stephen Braun mainly stresses caffeine’s ________．‎ A．creating ideas B．improving work efficiency C．helping people to relax D．stimulating people ‎2．The examples of some famous people are given to show that ________．‎ A．most artists like drinking coffee B．drinking coffee helps artists make more money C．there’s a link between drinking coffee and creating ideas D．drinking coffee makes artists become more successful ‎3．What leads to the artists’ creative process according to Mason Currey?‎ A．Getting a good mindset.‎ B．Drinking the coffee.‎ C．Being lost in thought.‎ D．Brewing the coffee.‎ ‎4．What does Braun advise us to do in the end?‎ A．To drink less coffee.‎ B．Never to take more coffee than you need.‎ C．Never to limit caffeine use.‎ D．To work out a safe level of caffeine use.‎ Passage 1‎ ‎(2017·河北五校联盟质监)You’ve probably heard about sports coaches, fitness coaches, voice and music teachers, career counselors, psychiatrists (精神科医师) and ‎ other specialists who teach skills and help us cope with daily life.‎ But there’s a rapidly growing kind of professionals who do a little bit of everything. She or he is called a “life__coach”．People who are at the crossroads in their life, and corporations that want to give certain employees a career boost, are turning to them for help.‎ The idea that one person’s success story can change other people’s life for the better goes back at least to the 1930s. Dale Carnegie’s famous self－improvement program “How to Win Friends and Influence People” came along soon thereafter.‎ But this new style of life coaches includes more than enthusiastic speakers or writers. They use their own experiences in business, sports, military service, or psychotherapy (心理疗法 )to help others make critical life decisions. They often give their approaches a slogan, such as “energy coaching” “fearless living” or “working yourself happy”．‎ Dave Lakhani in Boise, Idaho, for instance, works with salespeople to develop what he calls a “road map”. He says an ongoing relationship with a coach is like having a personal fitness trainer for one’s career and life outside work.‎ Lakhani’s Bold Approach coaching firm also donates some of its time to help people who are anything but successful—including battered women and struggling single mothers.‎ But others in the so－called “helpful professions” are not thrilled about the life－coaching movement.They say that anyone，trained or untrained, can call himself or herself a life coach, and these slick (华而不实的) promoters who mess with people’s life can do more harm than good.‎ ‎1．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Working Yourself Happy B．Life Coaches Help with Tough Decisions C．How to Cope with Daily Life with Life Coaches D．The Life－coaching Movement ‎2．The underlined phrase “life coach” in Paragraph 2 means “________”．‎ A．the career counselor who teaches skills B．the psychiatrist who helps us cope with daily life C．the fitness coach who teaches us lessons D．the specialist who helps us make important life decisions ‎3．The last paragraph is mainly about ________．‎ A．the introductions of life coaches B．the disagreements about life coaches C．the effects of life coaches D．the experiences of life coaches ‎4．What is the author’s attitude towards life coaches?‎ A．Cautious. B．Approving.‎ C．Casual. D．Disapproving.‎ Passage 2‎ ‎(2017·大庆质检二)Steve and I pulled trash for four solid hours continuously，except for about five minutes when we stopped to talk. My shoulder hurt badly each time I put another full barrel on it，and my legs occasionally trembled as I was heading for the street. But the rest of me said，“Go trashman go.”‎ I could not have imagined there would be joy in this.Dump. Lift. Walk. Lift. Walk. The hours flew by.‎ Saturday meant many people were outdoors working in their gardens or greenhouses. Most of them looked approachable enough. There wasn’t time for lengthy talks but enough to exchange greetings that go with civilized ways. But I was shocked to find that this wasn’t the case.‎ When I said hello to them, most often the response was either nothing at all, or a surprising stare because I had spoken.‎ One woman in a housecoat was startled as I came around the corner of her house. At the sound of my greeting, she gathered her housecoat tightly about her and retreated quickly to the door. I heard the lock click.‎ Steve complained angrily on the long ride to the dump：“They don’t realize we’re humans.”‎ I had originally planned to stay at this employment for only two days but now I’m going to continue. I have decided，too, to keep saying hello in people’s yards. It doesn’t do any harm, and it still feels right. Frankly, I’m doing an essential task. I left this country a little cleaner than I found it this morning. Not many people can say that tonight.‎ John Gardner wrote that a society which praises its philosophers and looks down on its plumbers (管子工) is in trouble. “Neither_its_pipes_nor_its_theories_will_hold water，”he warned. He might have gone a step further and called for respect for both our economists and our trashmen; otherwise，they’ll both leave rubbish behind.‎ ‎1．How did the woman feel when she heard the author’s greeting?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Embarrassed.‎ C．Frightened. D．Pitiful.‎ ‎2．At the end of the passage, what’s the author’s attitude to his job?‎ A．He is ashamed of it. B．He is boastful about it.‎ C．He is proud of it. D．He isn’t serious about it.‎ ‎3．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?‎ A．Both the facilities and the thoughts of society may go wrong.‎ B．Both the trashmen and the economists should not be respected.‎ C．Both practice and theories are important.‎ D．Both the pipes and the theories make sense.‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．An Experience as a Trashman B．The Trashman C．Economists and Trashmen D．Misunderstanding Passage 3‎ ‎(2017·邢台模拟)Sunstroke is a condition that can quickly go from dangerous to deadly, especially if proper care isn’t given immediately.‎ Sunstroke, sometimes called heatstroke, is a result of the body temperature rising above the safe limit. This causes the body’s necessary functions to stop working.‎ It’s usually pretty easy to avoid sunstroke, as long as proper action is taken. In that case, you need to act as quickly as possible to return that person’s body to a safe temperature. Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke.‎ Call for help Call to get an ambulance as quickly as possible. This should be the first thing you do, especially if the sunstroke person has fainted (昏倒). Also, call for help from anyone nearby if you’re in a public place. If there’s no one around，call someone ‎ nearby if they can get there sooner than an ambulance. Ask everyone to bring you as much water as possible, if there isn’t much nearby.‎ Get the person to a cooler area If there’s a building nearby, aim for that. Anywhere with plenty of air conditioners and water is perfect.If a building isn’t available, bring the person to a well－shaded area.‎ Get the water flowing If the person is still conscious, get him or her to drink water. If there’s a bathtub available, fill it with cool water and put the person in it.‎ If your water supply is limited, you have to save it.Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person’s body.Focus on the face, neck, and chest.‎ Fan the person Getting moving air over the person cools him or her down. Use anything, a towel or sheet, a shirt, your hands, or a piece of board. This is where having many people around really helps, as they can combine to fan the entire body.‎ ‎1．When does a person get sunstroke?‎ A．When the body doesn’t function.‎ B．When proper care is given immediately.‎ C．When someone is exposed to the sun too long.‎ D．When the body temperature goes up beyond what one can bear.‎ ‎2．What is mainly discussed in the passage?‎ A．The first aid for sunstroke.‎ B．The causes of sunstroke.‎ C．The chief symptoms of sunstroke.‎ D．The essential prevention of sunstroke.‎ ‎3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?‎ A．Call for assistance from others.‎ B．Leave the sunstroke person in the shade.‎ C．Put a wet towel on the person’s face.‎ D．Help the person take some medicine.‎ ‎4．The text probably comes from ________．‎ A．a guidebook B．a book review C．a medical magazine D．an official document Passage 4‎ ‎(2017·山西四校联考)The practice of magic includes special words, actions，and objects. Most magic involves a person called a magician，who claims to have supernatural power.‎ Magic words　To work most magic, the magician sings or speaks special words in a certain order. These words are called incantations or spells. Some spells form prayers into monsters, spirits, or other supernatural forces. Many societies believe the magic will not work unless the magician recites the spells perfectly. Other magic words have no meaning, though they supposedly possess power when spoken by a magician.‎ Magic actions　Magic actions accompany the words spoken in performing much magic. Many of these movements act out the desired effect of the magic. For example, a magician trying to make rain fall may sprinkle water on the ground. The magician’s combined words and actions form a ceremony.‎ Magic objects　Magic objects include certain plants，stones, and other things with supposedly supernatural power.Any such object may be called a fetish. But this term often refers to an object, for example, a carving or a dried snake honored by a tribe for its magic power. Many tribes believe fetishes have magic power because spirits live in these objects.‎ Many people carry magic objects called amulets to protect themselves from harm. Many amulets are stones or rings with magic symbols.‎ The magician　In some societies, nearly everyone knows how to work some magic. In other societies, only experts practice magic. Magicians may be called medicine men, medicine women, shamans, sorcerers, or witch doctors.In many societies, magicians must inherit the power. In others, any person may become a magician by studying the magical arts.‎ Many societies believe magicians must observe certain rules and taboos (forbidden actions) for their spells to work. For example, they may be required not to eat various foods or to avoid sexual activity for a certain period before the ceremony.‎ ‎1．What do magic words mean to people in many societies?‎ A．They have the power to kill devils.‎ B．They can be used whenever they want.‎ C．They have no effect at all.‎ D．They have power if a magician recites them in a perfect way.‎ ‎2．People believe magic actions will have an effect if they are accompanied by ________．‎ A．medicine B．the spells C．magic objects D．stones or rings with magic symbols ‎3．According to the passage, what kind of person can become a magician?‎ A．Only men.‎ B．Only women studying the magical arts.‎ C．Almost all the people in some societies.‎ D．Only those inheriting the power.‎ ‎4．What’s the best title of the passage?‎ A．How Magic Works B．How to Practice Magic C．The Power of Magic D．The Choice of Magicians Passage 5‎ ‎(2017·日照三校联检)“Friendly doctors are bad for their patients’ health，” researchers have warned as a new study revealed two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like.‎ Blurring (使……变得模糊不清) the lines between social and professional relationships can affect the level of care offered and prevent patients from being honest about important side effects.‎ ‎“Doctors should avoid adding patients as friends on Facebook, and they should not hug or allow patients to call them by their first names，” regulators have warned.“Those who break the boundaries will face some punishment.”‎ It comes as a survey of 338 oncologists(肿瘤学家) under the age of 40, finding 59 per cent said they found it difficult to tell the truth to those patients they like. Sixty percent of respondents said if doctors felt too close to their patients，it could prevent them from making objective decisions about a person’s care.‎ Lesley Fallowfield of Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Oncology is a profession that can be enormously rewarding but is filled with many challenges. Young oncologists have to master the means of dealing with anxious patients who are facing a life－threatening disease, conveying the true prognosis (预断), discussing the complexity of modern treatments, and explaining the unavailability of some drugs, the side effects of treatments, and likely treatment aims.”‎ But she said，“Those doctors who have entered the profession in the age of ‘the Internet world’ are more likely to fall victim to blurring the professional boundaries with patients.”‎ She said：“The difficulty, if you hug and kiss patients, if you allow them to call you by your first name, is that quickly the relationship can become confusing as a social one rather than a professional one. Doctors become confused, ‘I really like these people, how can I bear to tell them that they’re going to die？’ They find it more difficult to be objective.”‎ ‎1．Why are friendly doctors bad for their patients’ health?‎ A．They don’t like to cheat patients.‎ B．They are not good at treating patients.‎ C．They find it not easy to be objective to the patients.‎ D．They seldom blur the relationship with patients.‎ ‎2．What should doctors do according to the regulators?‎ A．Add patients as friends on Facebook.‎ B．Have a close connection with patients in life.‎ C．Always be cold to patients.‎ D．Keep a proper distance to patients.‎ ‎3．Which opinion will Lesley Fallowfield agree with?‎ A．Oncology is a rewarding profession without challenges.‎ B．The Internet makes it easier for young doctors to break the boundaries.‎ C．It’s not the doctors ‘duty to deal with patients’ anxiety.‎ D．Becoming friends with patients will help them recover soon.‎ ‎4．Young oncologists will face the following challenges except ________．‎ A．dealing with a lot of life－threatening diseases B．discussing difficulties of treatments with patients C．explaining the reasons for the lack of some medicines D．informing patients of the possible results of the treatments Passage 6‎ ‎(2017·云南师大附中模拟)For twenty years，I saved all my college course notes and textbooks：that’s a lot of paper.‎ Worse，it’s not easy to carry them around—and trust me，they aren’t light—on at least seven moves. Yet I never once looked at them. They sat in our basement, covered in a thick layer of dust. If books and papers could wonder, they’d wonder why they were still under our stairs after all those years. When would the Big Day come?‎ Well, the Big Day eventually did arrive; only it was different than expected. My wife, always more accepting changes than I am, finally talked me into clearing out the entire mess.‎ The pain I experienced was also unexpected. What hurt me was to come across those ‎ terrible papers I’d written，which reminded me of my poor study habits，and an embarrassing lack of comprehension.It was great to get rid of them.But it was also a clearing of personal history.‎ At first，I struggled with this.The truth was in the record that my books，my notes，and my papers were primary source materials，documenting an important time in my life.To clear them out was to clear out the truth.‎ What I’ve learned since taking this leap is that the process is more important than the truth. I feel as if much of my real education during my college years isn’t in the documents but now in me.‎ So I am glad to free myself of this physical burden. And what’s better is that I don’t need to look back to those painful moments. They belong to the past.‎ You might want to consider doing something similar, either under the stairs of your basement or in your mind.‎ What is the personal rubbish piling in your life? Clear it out and make your life awesome.‎ ‎1．Why was the author finally determined to desert all the college materials?‎ A．Because his wife persuaded him to.‎ B．Because they were of no use at all.‎ C．Because they were heavy on the moves.‎ D．Because they occupied space too long.‎ ‎2．The author struggled at the very beginning for ________．‎ A．a sense of pain B．a sense of embarrassment C．a sense of regret for the past D．a sense of losing part of his history ‎3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A．The past experience.‎ B．The wasted college－related material.‎ C．The rubbish in the basement.‎ D．Physical and psychological mess.‎ ‎4．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Let It Go B．Sort It Out C．Give up the Past D．Forget the History 答案解析 ‎【高考真题演练】‎ ‎1．2016年高考真题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。介绍了父母为了帮助孩子照顾其子女而搬家至他们很近的地方或与他们住在一起这一现象。‎ ‎1．A　推理判断题。由第一段“...regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship...”一句可知，Garza一家子孙三代住在一起，加强了家人之间的纽带。因此答案为A。]‎ ‎2．D　推理判断题。由“Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family”不难看出，多数人认为这是一种趋势。]‎ ‎3．C　事实细节题。由第三段首句可知，人们急切地想挣脱父母的束缚来证明自己能独立行事。因此C为正确答案。]‎ ‎4．A　推理判断题。本段首句即为主题句。由接下来的解释可知，祖父母不可盲从，要视自己的兴趣做出相应的抉择。故答案为A。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Frank Hurley收集的照片把过去一次不成功的航海活动重新展现了出来。‎ ‎1．D　事实细节题。根据第二段中的they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck可知，这些照片记录的是一次海难。]‎ ‎2．C　事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句话中的Captain Scott had reached the South Pole可知，到达南极的是Robert Falcon Scott。]‎ ‎3．C　事实细节题。根据最后一段中的．..start a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography可知，Alexander认为他1914航行的目的就是为了挣钱发财。]‎ ‎2．经典高考真题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇议论文。作者从La Chope咖啡馆的经营特色谈起，介绍了巴黎的一些主题咖啡馆经营理念的变化及其大受欢迎的原因。‎ ‎1．D　推理判断题。根据短文第一段第二句可知，顾客在这里可以学着与他们内心的真实情感取得联系。亦即将自己的真实情感表达出来。故答案为D。]‎ ‎2．A　推理判断题。由第二段“Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle...”一句可知，在过去的几年里，巴黎咖啡馆的生意因法国人生活方式的变化而受损。由此可以推断，人们不再那么频繁地光顾咖啡馆了。因此答案为A。]‎ ‎ 3.C　推理判断题。第二段最末两句所传达的信息是：许多主题咖啡馆似乎要改变这种状况。那些聚集心理、历史和工程的咖啡馆大受欢迎，顾客盈门。据此可以判断这些咖啡馆是想通过改变管理理念挽回惨淡的生意。因此答案为C。]‎ ‎4．B　推理判断题。根据短文最后一段的前两句可知，料理家务的中年人，退休及失业人员来到这些心理咖啡馆，敞开心扉，与心理专家谈论爱恨情仇，以期获得精神上的支持。offer great comfort(提供慰藉)为解答本题的关键信息。因此答案选B。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是说明文，介绍了非洲观赏野生动物的野营的项目。‎ ‎1．C　代词指代题。上句主要讲的是野营的一些情况，故此处 they 指的是Safari camps。]‎ ‎2．D　细节推测题。根据文章第三段中的It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face.It is truly exciting和You are very likely to come across large wild animals，too.可知，选择D。]‎ ‎3．B　词义推测题。根据rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace.和上一句，动物出来吃食和喝水，可知，选择B。]‎ ‎4．B　文章结构题。整篇文章是根据在非洲观赏野生动物的时间顺序组织的。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　生活充满了喜怒哀乐，也充满着挑战、挫折和心碎，无论境遇如何，我们都需要坚持自己的梦想与希望。‎ ‎1．C　细节判断题。根据文章前两段，我们看出无论生活的境况如何，我们都要坚持自己的梦想和希望。]‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的第一句可知，Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time是打破阻碍我们的常规关键所在。]‎ ‎3．C　猜测句意题。release from your jail of your mind.从你思想的监狱里走出来，意思就是解放自己的思想，摆脱紧张感，对应C项。]‎ ‎4．A　作者意图题。根据全文的描述可知，得到我们想要的东西，比想象的要容易。只要心中有梦想和希望，并能打破常规，去行动，就能走在自己的路上。]‎ Passage 4‎ ‎【语篇导读】　该篇介绍了食品作为一种交流的两个基本方面，来说明它是世界各地不同文化的一个重要组成部分。‎ ‎1．B　考查细节理解。由第一段．..can promote unity and trust可知。]‎ ‎2．B　考查细节理解。由第三段signifies (预示)．..success in the New Year可知。]‎ ‎3．A　考查推理判断。由第三段可知。]‎ ‎4．D　考查主旨大意。由最后一段可知。]‎ Passage 5‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文以“是否可以在历史名城建造现代建筑”为引子，论述了现代建筑和古代建筑风格的优缺点。最后得出结论：两种风格可以同时并存。‎ ‎1．A　事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“Not all historical buildings are attractive.”可知有些历史建筑没有吸引力了。故选A。]‎ ‎2．C　事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“It is true that...some old buildings too.”可知一些古建筑也会对其所在地区造成破坏。故选C。]‎ ‎3．C　词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中“If we always reproduced what was there before，...in caves.”可知“move things forward”意味着选择新的建筑风格，故选C。]‎ ‎4．D　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中“Indeed，there are many examples...next to old buildings”和“As long as...of the area.”可知本文的写作目的是支持古今两种风格的建筑在历史名城并存。故选D。]‎ Passage 6‎ ‎【语篇导读】　关于胖瘦和锻炼等话题，人们有很多普遍认同的观点，但这些观点并不都是正确的，对于几个观点，作者给予了详细的阐述与论证。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段最后一句话可知。]‎ ‎2．A　细节推断题。根据文章第四自然段可知让锻炼变得不枯燥的办法是“develop a balanced and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive.”故选A。]‎ ‎3．B　细节推断题。根据文章第五自然段第三句话可推知“如果身体出问题也会疼，继续锻炼只能导致更严重的伤害。”第五句就提到如果是持续疼痛，就要休息和看医生。故选B。]‎ ‎4．B　主旨大意题。根据文章第一自然段第一句话可知本文的写作目的是为了纠正人们关于肥胖和锻炼的不正确的看法。]‎ Passage 7‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是议论文，作者论述了人们如何获得幸福，学会享受生活。‎ ‎1．D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话可知，真正的快乐来自于精神的富有。故选D项。]‎ ‎2．B　词义猜测题。根据第二段的前两句话可知，画线句子的意思是他们物质上富足，精神上却很贫穷，故选B项。]‎ ‎3．C　事实细节题。根据第五段可知文学可以丰富你的精神生活，故选C项。]‎ ‎4．A　主旨大意题。文章多次提到了房子，且这篇文章论证了精神富有与真正快乐之间的关系，所以这篇文章最好的题目是人生的房子，故选A项。]‎ Passage 8‎ ‎【语篇导读】‎ ‎　经研究发现生活方式和饮食习惯影响人的体重。法国人当感觉饱时就会停止吃饭，而美国人直到盘子空了才会停止，且喜欢罐装食品和快餐，因此美国人的肥胖率远高于法国人。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话可知答案为C。]‎ ‎2．B　判断推理题。根据文章最后一段可知答案为B。]‎ ‎3．A　写作手法题。文章把法国人和美国人的生活理念和饮食习惯在第二段作了对比，最后一段在肥胖率方面作了对比，故答案为A。]‎ ‎4．C　考查文章出处。文章旨在说明饮食习惯影响人的体重，习惯不当易引起肥胖，与健康有关，故选C。]‎ ‎【模拟试题精练】‎ ‎1．2017年模拟试题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇议论文。作者通过介绍饲养宠物存在的种种问题(譬如饲养成本昂贵、宠物致人伤害、传染疾病等)，表达了自己反对饲养宠物，而是应当将宠物用于贡献人类医学实验的观点。‎ ‎1．A　推理判断题。“the doggy parlours”所在的句子就是为了进一步阐释第一句“A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children.”，即如今人们在饲养宠物上花销巨大的现状。故答案为A。]‎ ‎2．C　推理判断题。由前一句“It is difficult not to feel angry about this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty”可知作者对把大量钱财花在宠物身上的行为感到非常气愤。因此答案为C。]‎ ‎3．D　推理判断题。从本文的最后两句“I can see no reason why we should get upset...This will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases...”可知作者认为宠物在人类医学领域可以起着有益的作用。因此答案为D。]‎ ‎4．B　‎ 主旨大意题。文章前面介绍了成本昂贵、传染疾病等饲养宠物的危害，后面又提到应把宠物用于贡献人类医学领域中去，故而可以看出作者对于饲养宠物的做法持反对态度。因此答案为B。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇议论文。本文主要是讲家庭主妇虽然每天做的只是家里的繁杂事物，但实则非常辛苦，然而人们对家庭主妇的观念却认为她们的工作并没有那么重要。‎ ‎1．C　事实细节题。“playing a taxi driver to us kids when it’s time for school”这句话的意思是当孩子们要上学的时候，她们会充当司机的角色，因此不包括driving a taxi(开出租车)。]‎ ‎2．D　词义猜测题。根据 “Why is it that so many mothers like mine regard themselves as second－class citizens or something similar？”可知“stereotype ”指代的是社会对家庭主妇评价低这一观念。]‎ ‎3．A　推理判断题。从整个第二自然段特别是“Dishes would pile up and food in the house would run out.There would be no clean towels when needed.”可以看出作者是想表达家庭主妇其实很伟大。]‎ ‎4．D　段落大意题。从“Once the kids were down for the night，he might be able to crawl into an unmade bed and try to read the morning newspaper.”(当孩子们睡着之后，男人大概是会爬到没有整理的床铺上，然后开始阅读早上的报纸了。)可以看出男人对于家庭主妇的工作是不能够胜任的。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要讲了眼泪在小说历史发展过程中扮演了重要的角色，在这一过程中其含义也发生了一些变化。‎ ‎1．B　推理判断题。根据文中第三段第二句话中“crying was a sign of readers’ virtue”可知当时人们对于眼泪是认同的，并不反对，故选B项。]‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。根据文中第五段“Sensation novels were the forerunners of the ‎ modern thriller and mystery”可知A项正确。根据第五段“the ‘sensation’ novel, a different type of Victorian best－seller”可知此选项不对。根据第五段“Victorian sentimentalists wrote touching scenes in an effort to inspire social and political reform”可知C项描述的是“sentimental novels”。D项，根据第五段最后“Heavy on secrets, and madness, they were known for creating physical ‘sensations’ in their readers—trembling, a fast beating heart, and tears ”可知此选项不对。]‎ ‎3．C　推理判断题。根据文章整体内容，文章按照时间先后顺序写了18世纪至今之一时间段内“tears or crying”的变化，故选C项。]‎ ‎4．A　主旨归纳题。根据文章主要内容分析，文章主要讲了有关“tears or crying”的事，所以选此项。]‎ Passage 4‎ ‎【语篇导读】　研究表明，我们在26岁时拥有最多的朋友，但是随着时间的推移，我们的朋友会减少。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“via Facebook，compared to 18 to 24－year－olds who make 12”可知，通过脸书网年龄在18到24岁的人可以交到12个朋友，故B项正确。]‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。根据第五段Sam Owen所讲的话的第二句“It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes，giving gifts，seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot”可知，学校时光是人生中建立友谊的重要阶段，这时候的友谊成长于分享笔记、赠送礼物、互相探望、一起欢笑中，故D项正确。]‎ ‎3．B　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Over half of us lose friendship...apart from close pals”及画线词所在句“Having children also causes 19% to...childhood friends”可以判断，画线词意为“失去联系”，故B项正确。A项意为“理解”，C项意为“对……感到抱歉”，D项意为“与……和好”，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎4．D　文章出处题。根据第一段中的“a new research has claimed”‎ 以及最后一段中的“these days”，再结合选项可以判断，本文最可能摘自报纸，故D项正确。]‎ Passage 5‎ ‎【语篇导读】　 本文作者通过自己的旅行经历说明了不同文化中人们对于“好客”和“礼貌”的表达方式不一样。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but he，too，realized my genuine mistake.He smiled...The other occupants of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them”可知，车厢里其他的人都对作者点头微笑，说明他们理解作者的错误。故选D。]‎ ‎2．C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句的“I experienced Italian hospitality”以及本段内容可推知，意大利人热情友好。故选C。]‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We sat together in near silence.Nobody spoke to me nor，as I expected，to anyone else they did not know.They felt it was not polite to intrude on someone else’s privacy”可知，英国乘客几乎都不说话，因为他们国家的传统认为干涉别人的隐私是不礼貌的。故选C。]‎ ‎4．B　主旨大意题。文章最后一段通过两个不同的情景对比，告诉我们不同文化中人们对“好客”和“礼貌”的表达方式不一样。故选B。]‎ Passage 6‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文讲述了喝咖啡不仅可以帮助人们提神和提高工作效率，而且还可以帮助艺术家们获得灵感。尽管如此，你对咖啡的饮用量还是应该控制在你需要的范围内。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段的“ it helps you get more done”和第二段中的“What makes it different from other drugs is that it’s used as a productivity tool—not for pleasure”可知，Stephen Braun强调caffeine可以帮助我们提高工作效率。故选B项。]‎ ‎2．C　写作意图题。根据第三段“Many of history’s creative minds have also been ‎ associated with a large amount of caffeine consumption”和下文对这几位名人的描述可知，他们都通过喝咖啡来获得创意与灵感。故选C项。]‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A lot of artists use the process of making coffee as a gateway to the creative process”可知，Mason Currey认为正是制作咖啡的过程帮助艺术家进入创作的状态，故选D项。]‎ ‎4．B　推理判断题。在文章最后一段Braun指出，就咖啡因的食用量而言，我们很难制订出一个适用于所有人的安全标准，最终，每个人都必须成为自己的科学家。其言外之意是喝咖啡的量是因人而异的，故选B项。]‎ ‎2．经典模拟试题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　当你处于人生的重要时刻时，当你想让公司里某些职员的事业得以提升时，你可以求助于人生教练，他们能帮助你做出人生中的重大决定。‎ ‎1．B　考查标题判断。本文主要介绍了人生教练正成为受人们欢迎的专业人才，他们能帮助那些面临人生重大抉择的人们做出决定。B项最具有概括性。]‎ ‎2．D　考查词义猜测。根据第二段的最后一句“People who are at the crossroads in their life，and corporations that want to give certain employees a career boost，are turning to them for help”及第三段的内容可知，“life coach”是指帮助我们做出人生重大决定的专家。]‎ ‎3．B　考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“They say...can do more harm than good”可知，一些人对人生教练持否定的态度，认为人生教练可能给人们的生活带来的伤害大于益处，因此选择B项。]‎ ‎4．A　考查观点态度。作者在文章中客观地对人生教练进行了介绍，既介绍了他们的职业优势，也提及了一些人对他们的否定态度，因此作者对人生教练的态度是严谨的。cautious “严谨的，谨慎的”；approving“赞成的”；casual“随意的，漠不关心的”；disapproving “不赞成的”。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一名垃圾清理工，他以前对自己的工作不认同，后来逐渐以自己的工作为荣。‎ ‎1．C　考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“she gathered her housecoat...and retreated quickly to the door.I heard the lock click”可知，那位女士感到害怕，故选C项。]‎ ‎2．C　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“I’m doing an essential task.I left this country a little cleaner”可推知，作者为自己的工作感到自豪，故选C项。]‎ ‎3．A　考查推理判断。根据画线句前的“a society which...is in trouble”可推知，画线句主要是说人们对社会价值观的判断会出错，故选A项。]‎ ‎4．B　考查标题判断。根据整篇文章内容可知，作者是一名垃圾清理工，以前他对自己的工作不认同，但后来逐渐以自己的工作为荣。故选B。A项突出的是一次经历，比较片面。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中暑的危害以及中暑后的一些急救措施。‎ ‎1．D　考查细节理解。根据第二段的第一句“Sunstroke，sometimes called heatstroke，is a result of the body temperature rising above the safe limit”可知，当人体的体温超过所能承受的安全极限时，就会中暑，即D项正确。]‎ ‎2．A　考查主旨大意。文章首先介绍了何为中暑以及中暑的危害，结合第三段的最后一句“Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke”可知，下文讲述的是中暑时需要采取的急救措施，即A项正确。]‎ ‎3．D　考查细节理解。根据Call for help下的“call for help from anyone”可知A项正确；根据Get the person to a cooler area中的第三句“If a building isn’t available，bring the person to a well－shaded area”可知B项正确；根据Get the water flowing中的第二段的“Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person’s body.Focus on the ‎ face，neck and chest”可知C项正确；D项在文章中没有提到。]‎ ‎4．C　考查推理判断。文章主要介绍了中暑以及中暑后如何急救的相关知识，故有可能选自一本医学杂志，即C项正确。]‎ Passage 4‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了魔法是如何练就的。‎ ‎1．D　考查细节理解。根据第二段的倒数第二句“Many societies believe the magic will not work unless the magician recites the spells perfectly”可知，许多团体认为只有当魔法师完美地背出咒语时，魔法才会奏效，即D项正确。]‎ ‎2．B　考查细节理解。根据第三段的前两句“Magic actions accompany the words spoken in performing much magic.Many of these movements act out the desired effect of the magic”可知，人们认为一些魔法的动作只有在相应的咒语下才能够有效，即B项正确。]‎ ‎3．C　考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的第一句“In some societies，nearly everyone knows how to work some magic”可知，在一些团体中几乎人人都可以是魔法师，即C项正确。]‎ ‎4．B　考查主旨大意。根据第一段的第一句“The practice of magic includes special words，actions，and objects”并结合全文的整体内容可知，本文主要讲的是魔法是如何练就的，即B项正确。]‎ Passage 5‎ ‎【语篇导读】　最新研究表明，医生的态度友善反而对患者的治疗不利，因此医生和患者之间需要保持适当的距离。‎ ‎1．C　考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like”及最后一段中的“They find it more difficult to be objective”可知，三分之二的年轻医生很难对他们喜欢的病人讲实话，他们很难客观地对待病人，这样对患者的治疗不利，故选C项。]‎ ‎2．D　考查细节理解。根据文章的第三段可知，医生应该避免在脸谱网上添加患者为朋友，他们也不应该拥抱病人或让病人直呼他们的名字，即医生应该和病人保持合适的距离，故选D项。]‎ ‎3．B　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Those doctors who have entered the profession in the age of ‘the Internet world’ are more likely to fall victim to blurring the professional boundaries with patients”可推知，网络使得医生更容易模糊与病人之间的职业分界线，故选B项。]‎ ‎4．A　考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Young oncologists have to master the means of dealing with anxious patients who are facing a life－threatening disease，conveying the true prognosis (预断)，discussing the complexity of modern treatments，and explaining the unavailability of some drugs，the side effects of treatments，and likely treatment aims”可知，B、C、D三项表述正确；年轻的肿瘤学家需要掌握如何对待面临生命威胁的焦虑病人，A项“处理很多威胁生命的疾病”表述错误。故选A项。]‎ Passage 6‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。下决心清除了堆积多年的大学课本和笔记后，作者从开始纠结“清除了过去的记录，就清除了过去的历史”到最终明白“过程才最重要”的道理。‎ ‎1．A　考查细节理解。根据文章第三段的第二句“My wife...finally talked me into clearing out the entire mess”可知，作者的妻子说服了作者，故选A项。]‎ ‎2．D　考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的“But it was also a clearing of personal history”及第五段中的“To clear them out was to clear out the truth”可知，作者纠结的是“清除了过去的记录，就清除了过去的历史”，故选D项。]‎ ‎3．D　考查代词指代。根据文章最后两段中的“either under the stairs of your basement or in your mind”以及“What is the personal rubbish piling in your life”可知，it指代的是物质上和心理上的垃圾，即D项正确。]‎ ‎4．A　考查标题判断。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是该放弃生活中的“垃圾”的时候，我们就应该任凭它去，并且文章在篇末点题，“Clear it out”是关键词，故A项最适合作文章标题。]‎