高考英语语法复习定语从句

高考英语语法复习定语从句

高考语法专题：定语从句 ‎ 考纲新研读 ‎ 考查的重点是介词+关系代词which，whom引导的定语从句；非限制性定语从句也时有考查。‎ ‎1.限制性定语从句 ‎ 句子作定语，由关系代词和关系副词引导，被修饰部 ‎ 分叫先行词。‎ ‎ (1)关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose,在句子中 ‎ 作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。‎ ‎ that,指人或物：‎ ‎ Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?‎ ‎ The finger (that) I put into my mouth was not the one ‎ ‎ (that) I ‎ ‎ had dipped into the cup.‎ ‎ which,指物：‎ ‎ A chemical’s shop is a shop which sells medicine.(作主语)‎ ‎ The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.(作宾语)‎ ‎ who, whom, whose,指人，分别做主语、宾语和定语：‎ ‎ The man who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.‎ ‎ Who’s the man (whom) you just talked to?‎ ‎ This is the room whose window faces south.‎ 介词后指人用whom,指物用which。‎ ‎ 介词可提前，也可在后；在后时可用who, that，也可省略：‎ ‎ This is the room in which we lived last year.‎ ‎ = This is the room ‎ ‎ (which/that) we lived in last year.‎ ‎ Who’s the man with whom you just shook hands?= Who’s the ‎ ‎ man (who/whom/that) you just shook hands with?‎ ‎ 但是固定搭配,介词不能提前：‎ ‎ Is this the book which she was looking for?‎ ‎(2)关系副词：when, where, why,在定语从句中分别作时间、地点 ‎ ‎ 和原因状语。‎ ‎ when,指时间：‎ ‎ I still remember the day when (on which) I first came to Beijing.‎ 比较：I still remember the day that I spent in Beijing.‎ ‎ where,指地点：‎ ‎ This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.‎ 比较：This is the house that I bought two years ago.‎ why,指原因：在“reason”后：‎ ‎ The reason why he was late is that the car broke down on the way.‎ 比较：The reason that he gave us is not reasonable.‎ ‎(3)the same...as; such...as引导的定语从句：‎ ‎ This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.‎ ‎ You should pay more attention to such mistakes as you made last ‎ ‎ time.‎ ‎ This is such an interesting book as everyone likes to read.‎ ‎(4)定语从句典例：‎ ‎ Li Hua is one of the boys who are never late for school.‎ ‎ (who指boys)‎ ‎ 李华是从不迟到的男孩之一。‎ ‎ Li Hua is the only one of the boys who is never late for school.‎ ‎ (who指one)‎ ‎ 李华是男孩中唯一从不迟到的。‎ ‎ Is this new teaching building the one you visited last night?‎ ‎ (变为陈述句后，is移到building之后。)‎ ‎ Is this the new teaching building you visited last night? ‎ ‎ (变为陈述句后，is移到this之后。)‎ ‎ Who is the man that is talking with our teacher? ‎ ‎ (为避免重复，用that不用who)‎ ‎(5)定语从句应注意的几点：‎ ‎ A. that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句的区别：‎ ‎ The fact that we talked about is very important. ‎ ‎ (that引导的是定语从句，that作宾语，可省略。)‎ ‎ The fact that the Chinese invented the compass is known to ‎ ‎ all. ‎ ‎ (that引导的是同位语从句，that不作成分，不能省略，句子 ‎ 介绍的是fact的具体内容。)‎ ‎ B.用that不用which：两者都可表物，大部分情况可通用，但下 ‎ 列情况例外：‎ ‎ 先行词为all, few, much, little, nothing, everything, anything等：‎ ‎ All that must be done has been done.‎ ‎ There is little that I can do for you.‎ ‎ 先行词被all, few, little, any, the very, the only, first，second, ‎ ‎ last或形容词的最高级修饰时：‎ ‎ That’s the only thing that we can do now.‎ ‎ This is the best novel that I have ever read.‎ ‎ 先行词既有人也有物时：‎ ‎ My father and his teacher talked of things and persons (that)‎ ‎ they remembered in the school.‎ ‎ C.用which不用that：指物，在介词后或引导非限制性定语从句：‎ ‎ I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army.‎ ‎ That was the way (in which) she looked after us.‎ ‎ Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the ‎ ‎ world.‎ ‎2.非限制性定语从句 ‎ 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，而非限制性定语从句 ‎ 只是附加说明，如果去掉，主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定语从 ‎ 句用逗号与主句隔开，由which, who, whom, whose, where, when、‎ ‎ 等引导：‎ ‎ His brother, who is a PLA man, wrote to him.(只有一个哥哥)‎ ‎ His brother who is a PLA man wrote to him.(不只一个哥哥)‎ ‎ Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the ‎ ‎ world.‎ ‎ We’ll put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so ‎ ‎ busy.‎ ‎ He took out a piece of paper, on which were written some words.‎ ‎ They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.‎ ‎ 比较：“他有两个女儿,其中一个是护士。”‎ ‎ He has two daughters, one of whom works as a nurse.‎ ‎ (非限制性定语从句)‎ ‎ He has two daughters, and one of them works as a nurse.(并列句)‎ ‎ 另外，as和which引导非限制性定语从句，可代替整个句子，as指熟知的内容，引导的句子可在句首、句中和句尾；而which指没想到的事情或客观事实，且只能在句尾。比较：‎ ‎ As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.‎ ‎ The earth, as we know, goes around the sun.‎ ‎ He is against the idea, as can be expected.‎ ‎ He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.‎ ‎ She remarried, as we had expected.‎ ‎3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎ (1)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰物时用which不用that,‎ ‎ 修饰人时用whom不用who。例如：‎ ‎ This is the room in which we lived last year.‎ ‎ Who’s the comrade with whom you just shook hands?‎ ‎ (2)注意:固定搭配,介词不能提前。例如：‎ ‎ Is this the book which she was looking for?‎ ‎ (3)既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎ 例如：‎ ‎ Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image.‎ ‎ Life is a piece of white paper, on which everyone can put one ‎ ‎ or two of their own words down.‎ ‎ They arrived at an old church, in front of which stood a big ‎ ‎ crowd of people.‎ ‎ Also present were two of his colleagues, one of whom was ‎ ‎ injured.‎ ‎ 高考新剖析 ‎ 1. A person__________ e-mail account is full won’t be able to ‎ ‎ send or receive any e-mails.［2009年高考天津卷］‎ ‎ A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever ‎ 2. My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind ‎ ‎ of him. ［2009年高考全国卷Ⅱ］‎ ‎ A. which B. that C. where D. it C ‎ A ‎3. We went through a period _________communications were very ‎ ‎ difficult in the rural areas.［2008年高考上海卷］‎ ‎ A. which B. whose ‎ C. in which D. with which ‎ 4. What surprised me was not what he said but__________ he ‎ ‎ said it.‎ ‎ A. the way B. in the way that ‎ C. in the way D. the way which ‎ 5. Anyway, that evening, __________ I’ll tell you more about later, ‎ ‎ I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.‎ ‎ A. when B. where C. what D. which ‎ 6. George Orwell, __________was Eric Arthur, wrote many ‎ ‎ political novels and essays.‎ ‎ A. the real name B. what his real name ‎ C. his real name D. whose real name C ‎ A D D ‎7. — Why does she always ask you for help?‎ ‎ —There is no one else__________ , is there?‎ ‎ A. who to turn to B. she can turn to ‎ C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn ‎ 8. She was educated at Beijing University, __________she went on ‎ ‎ to have her advanced study abroad. ‎ ‎ A. after that B. from that ‎ C. from which D. after which ‎ 9. His movie won several awards at the film festival, __________ ‎ ‎ was beyond his wildest dream.‎ ‎ A. which B. that C. where D. it ‎ 10. He was educated at the local high school, __________ he went ‎ ‎ on to Beijing‎ ‎University.‎ ‎ A. after which B. after that ‎ C. in which D. in that B D A A ‎ 精题新探究 • ‎__________ is often the case with children, Amy was ‎ ‎ completely better by the time the doctor arrived. ‎ ‎ A. That B. Which C. As D. It ‎ 2. This is one of the most exciting football games__________ I have ever seen.‎ ‎ A. where B. that C. what D. which ‎ 3. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, __________ up to half will be from overseas.‎ ‎ A. in which B. for which ‎ C. with which D. of whom ‎ 4. Children, in my opinion, __________creative ability is unthinkably rich, is seldom taken notice of by us, __________ should be trained in that area. ‎ ‎ A. which; that B. whose; which ‎ C. which; which D. whose; that C ‎ B D B ‎5. At last, the thief had to hand in everything__________ he had ‎ ‎ stolen to the police.‎ ‎ A. which B. what C. whatever D. that ‎ 6. __________ is known to the world, China’s Liu Xiang became ‎ ‎ the first Asian in history to win the men’s ‎110m hurdles at the ‎ ‎ Olympic Games.‎ ‎ A. That B. Which C. As D. It ‎ 7. I don’t know the reason__________ you were absent from the ‎ ‎ meeting, but I am not sure that someone will tell me the reason ‎ ‎ __________ you haven’t told me.‎ ‎ A. why; that B. that; why ‎ C. because; why D. of which; that ‎ 8. When she came back from abroad, Lucy told us about the ‎ ‎ cities and the people__________ she had visited. ‎ ‎ A. that B. who C. where D. which D C ‎ A A ‎9. Because of the traffic jam__________ I was caught, I was late for ‎ ‎ the meeting.‎ ‎ A. by which B. in which ‎ ‎ C. that D. where ‎ 10. In my hometown, there is a mysterious dark hole, __________ ‎ ‎ depth has never been measured. ‎ ‎ A. that B. where C. which D. whose ‎11. On the whole, the time __________the students devote to the ‎ ‎ game in the Internet cafes without doubt has a great effect on the ‎ ‎ study in the school.‎ ‎ A. in which B. on which ‎ C. when D. that ‎12. Can you think of some cases _________students obviously know ‎ ‎ the problems but can’t work them out?‎ ‎ A. as B. where C. why D. which B D D B ‎13. Alice stood in front of the window, __________ she could watch ‎ ‎ her classmates playing football.‎ ‎ A. from there B. where ‎ C. from where D. there ‎14. She kept telling her father to pay attention to his own health, ‎ ‎ __________ ,in fact, didn’t help at all.‎ ‎ A. which B. he C. it D. while ‎15. Jackie Robinson Williams hoped to become as famous as the ‎ ‎ player __________he was named. ‎ ‎ A. after whom B. which ‎ C. as who D. that C ‎ A A