2018届一轮复习外研版必修2module2nodrugs教案(3)

2018届一轮复习外研版必修2module2nodrugs教案(3)

‎（外研版必修2）高三英语一轮单元复习教案：Module 2 No Drugs 知识详解 ‎① reduce 　vt.　减少；缩减；约束，限制；使降低，降职；‎ ‎　　　　　使……变为(某个状态)(回归课本P12)‎ reduce...to...把……减少到……,reduce...by...把……减少了……,reduce sb.to doing sth.迫使某人做某事；使某人不得不做某事,reduction n.缩小，减少；缩版,make a reduction减价 ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎【例句探源】‎ ‎①The expenses have been reduced to 1,000 yuan one month.‎ 每月的费用已降到1,000元。‎ ‎②The expenses have been reduced by 200 yuan one month. ‎ 每月的费用已降了200元。‎ ‎③Eventually Charlotte was reduced to begging on the streets.‎ 最后夏洛特被迫沦落到沿街乞讨。‎ ‎④We can make a reduction if you buy in bulk.‎ 如果你大批购买，我们可以降低价格。‎ ‎1．Many students have dropped out of school and now the number of our class has ________50.‎ A．reduced by　　　 B．reduced to C．increased to D．increased by 解析：选B。reduce...to后面数字指减少后的总量，reduce...by后面数字指纯减少的量或比率。由上面说到drop，故排除C、D。‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎2. Since then the number of people stopping smoking ________10%.‎ A．has reduced to B．reduces by C．has reduced by D．reduces to 解析：选C。由since then可判断主句应用现在完成时，排除B、D两项；再根据句意“自从那时戒烟人数减少了10%”，强调差额用介语by，故选C。‎ ‎② likely 　adj.　很可能的，看来要发生的；(像是)可靠的，可信的；似乎有理的　‎ adv.　很可能 ‎(回归课本P9) Drug users are more likely to get into trouble at school.‎ 吸毒者更有可能在学校遇到麻烦。‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎① It is likely that he will be late.‎ ‎＝He is likely to be late.他可能会迟到。‎ ‎②“He said you’d be giving them a lift.” “Not likely！” ‎ ‎“他说你会让他们搭便车。”“绝不可能！”‎ ‎③It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.‎ 如果继续吸烟，你很可能会健康状况不佳。‎ ‎④That means the price is likely to go down because of the competition.这意味着价格有可能因为竞争而下降。‎ ‎【例句探源】‎ likely，possible，probable 三者都有“可能的”之意，区别如下：‎ ‎(1)likely是形容词，表示某事很可能发生，与probable 意思相近，但主语可以是人也可以是物。常用于“It is likely that...或sb./sth.be likely to do...”句型中，但不能说“It is likely for sb.to do sth.”。‎ ‎(2)possible可能性相对小，作表语时，主语不能是人，常用句式为“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...”。‎ ‎【易混辨析】‎ ‎(3)probable ‎ 带有“很可能”的意味，语气比possible强，作表语时不能用人或不定式作主语，常用句式为“It is probable that...”。‎ ‎①It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.‎ ‎②It’s possible_to break with old habits.‎ ‎③It is _probable that he will succeed.‎ ‎3.Young Americans who don’t go to university ________get jobs which bring low income.‎ A．are likely to　　　　　 B．are possible to C．were able to D．liked to 解析：选A。句意是：没有上大学的美国年轻人可能做一些低收入的工作。likely可用于sb./sth.is likely to do而possible不能。‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎4．(山东青岛质检)A senior firefighter said it was__________that the fire，which broke out at midnight，was caused by someone on purpose.‎ A．possibly B．likely C．probably D．obviously 解析：选B。根据It is likely that……句型得出答案，其它三个词都是副词，不能用于该句型。‎ ‎③ affect　 vt.　影响，对……有坏影响；(疾病)侵袭；假装；喜欢 ‎(回归课本P9) Smoking in a park doesn’t affect other people in the same way.‎ 在公园吸烟不会以同样的方式影响别人。‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎【例句探源】‎ ‎①Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives.‎ 彼得·泰勒试图弄清计算机和互联网将如何影响我们的生活。‎ ‎②(牛津P31)They were deeply affected by the news of her death.‎ 她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。‎ ‎③(高考辽宁卷)The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature.‎ 这项实验表明我们的生物钟受光线和温度的影响。‎ ‎④She was affected with high fever.‎ 她发高烧。‎ affect，effect，influence 三个词都有“影响”的意思。‎ ‎(1)affect指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思。‎ ‎(2)effect作“影响”讲时，通常用作名词，构成have an effect on“对……有影响”。effect作动词时，指“使(某事物)产生；使发生；引起”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。‎ ‎(3)influence指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”。‎ ‎【易混辨析】‎ ‎①The games don’t have a(n) _effect on grownups but affect students a great deal.‎ ‎②Influenced by a high school biology teacher，he took up the study of medicine.‎ ‎③This book effected a change in my opinion.‎ ‎5．Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ________the quality of the programs.‎ A．lessened　　　　　　　 B．declined C．affected D．effected 解析：选C。句意为：批评家认为电视被大量的广告所控制，这影响了节目的质量。affect常指不好的影响；lessen“减少”；decline“降低”，指力量、权力、数量等的削减；effect“引起；产生”，只有affect符合句意。‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎④ recognise 　vt.　辨认出；认出；认识到；认知 ‎(回归课本P19)Participants learn to recognise smoking triggers...‎ 参与者学会分辨吸烟的诱因……‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ recognise sb./sth.as/to be承认某人/物是……；认出某人/物是……‎ It’s recognised that...人们意识到……‎ ‎①Salera came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognised her.‎ 赛莉娅回家时又瘦又弱，连她自己的孩子都几乎认不出她来了。‎ ‎②He is recognised as the head of the company.‎ 他被认为是公司的领导。‎ ‎③It was recognised that he was not qualified for the work.‎ 人们认识到他做这项工作不合格。[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎【例句探源】‎ recognise，know ‎(1)recognise 指把原来认识的人/物再次“辨认出”，是非延续性动词。‎ ‎(2)know“认识并熟悉某人/物”，是延续性动词。‎ ‎①Sometimes we can’t recognise,_one’s voice on the phone even though we know him/her.‎ ‎②I know him so well that I can recognise his steps.‎ ‎【易混辨析】‎ ‎6．(高考辽宁卷)Alexander tried to get his work________in the medical circles.‎ A．to recognize　　　　　　B．recognizing C．recognize D．recognized 解析：选D。句意：Alexander试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。get sth.done表示使某事物被做，如get my hair cut表示理发；get her finger burnt表示她的手指被烧伤。‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎7.—Oh，it’s you，Alice.I________you.You look much thinner than before.‎ ‎—Not surprising.I’m on a diet.‎ A．didn’t recognize B．hadn’t recognized C．haven’t recognized D．don’t recognize 解析：选A。本题强调是刚才没认出，故用一般过去时态。‎ ‎⑤ break into　闯入，破门而入；突然……起来 ‎(回归课本P13) The next day，I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder.‎ 第二天，我闯入一户人家，偷了一台电视机和一台录像机。‎ break out突然爆发 break up打碎；拆散；分解 结束,break in打断(谈话)； 突然闯入(in是副词) break through突破 break down瓦解，损坏，分解；机器坏了；失败；身体垮了 break away from摆脱(束缚)；克服(习惯)‎ ‎ break off中断，折断，突然停止[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎①Thieves broke into our house while we were away on holiday.‎ 我们外出度假时，小偷闯入了我们家。‎ ‎②On hearing the news that the war was over ，the old woman broke into tears.‎ 听到战争结束的消息，老人突然哭了起来。‎ ‎③Don’t break into their conversation；they are discussing something important.‎ 不要打断他们的谈话，他们正在讨论重要的事情。‎ ‎【例句探源】‎ break into，break in 两者都有“闯入”之意。break into中，into是介词，后需接宾语；break in 是不及物动词短语，其中in是副词，不接宾语。另外，brea k into还有“突然……起来”之意，相当于burst into；break in还可以表示“插嘴”等。‎ ‎①We had to break_into the house as we had lost the key.‎ ‎②Never break_in while others are talking.‎ ‎【易混辨析】‎ ‎8．(海南三亚模拟)You’ll________sooner or later if you keep working like that.‎ A．break off 　　　　　　 B．break down C．break into D．break out 解析：选B。句意：如果你继续那样工作，身体迟早会垮掉的。break down“垮掉”，符合题意。‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎9. Scientists hope to________soon in their fight against the H1N1 flu virus.‎ A．break up B．break out C．break through D．break in 解析：选C。句意为：科学家们希望能尽快在应对甲型H1N1流感病毒方面有所突破。break up“分解，打破”；break out“发生，爆发”；break through“突破”；break in“闯入，打断(谈话)”，据句意可知答案为C。‎ ‎⑥ give up　放弃；交出，让出；认输 ‎(回归课本P13)And here are some ideas to help people to give up smoking.‎ 这儿有一些帮助人们戒烟的方法。‎ give away分发；放弃；泄露 give back归还；恢复 give forth发出(气味、声音等)；发表 give in屈服；让步；同意 give off发出(蒸汽、光等)‎ give out分发，发出(气味、热等)；发表，用完，耗尽；精疲力竭 ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎①When Ed left ，she gave up hope of ever marrying.‎ 埃德离开时，她彻底放弃了结婚的希望。‎ ‎②In the crowded bus ，the young people gave up their seats to the old people.‎ 在拥挤的公共汽车上，年轻人把座位让给老年人。‎ ‎③The doctor told him to give up smoking and drinking.‎ 医生要他戒烟戒酒。‎ ‎④She has never given up her secrets to others.‎ 她从不把秘密透露给别人。‎ ‎【例句探源】‎ ‎10．We haven’t heard from her for long，so we give her________for dead.‎ A．out B． in ‎ C．up D．away ‎ 解析：选C。give out“用完，用尽”；give in“让步，投降”；give up“放弃，不抱希望”；give away“泄露，分发”。由句意可知，此处指“对她不抱任何希望”，故答案为C。‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎11.He pretended to be a German，but his Swedish accent gave himself________.[来源:学科网]‎ A．away B．up C．off D．out 解析：选A。考查give的固定短语。句意：他假装是德国人，但他的瑞典口音使他暴露了。“暴露”应用give away。give up指“放弃”；give off 指“放出，发出”；give out指“发出，分发”。‎ 句型梳理 ‎①【教材原句】　Now I work in a centre for drug addicts，helping others to stop taking drugs.(P13)‎ 现在，我在一个戒毒中心工作，帮助其他吸毒者戒毒。‎ ‎【句法分析】　本句中的helping others to stop taking drugs是v.ing形式在句子中作状语，表示方式或伴随情况。‎ ‎①The little girl stood there，crying for milk.‎ 这个小女孩站在那儿，哭着要牛奶喝。‎ ‎②He worked late into the night，preparing an important report.‎ 他工作到深夜，在准备一个重要的报告。‎ ‎③The teacher stood at the entrance，blocking the children’s way.‎ 老师站在入口处，挡住了孩子们的路。‎ ‎12.(高考四川卷)The lawyer listened with full attention，________to miss any point.‎ A．not trying　　　　　 B．trying not C．to try not D．not to try 解析：选B。句意：这名律师全神贯注地听，尽力不错过任何要点。本题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。不定式作状语时和前面的部分如用逗号隔开，表示意想不到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式前通常加only或never，所以动词不定式在结构和题意上都不符合本题的要求，D项被排除；A、C两项结构错误，也被排除。‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎13．(高考重庆卷) The news shocked the public，________to great concern about students’ safety at school. ‎ A．having led　　　　　 B．led C．leading D．to lead 解析：选C。句意：这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。考查非谓语动词作结果状语。首先排除B和D两项； having done指动作先于谓语动词发生，在此不符合语境，故只能选择C。‎ ‎② 【教材原句】　Whatever you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else！(P19)‎ ‎ 无论你在做什么，当你想抽烟时，做点别的事吧！‎ ‎【句法分析】　考查whatever的用法。(1)引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，其含义相当于no matter what，意为“无论，不管”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。[来源:Z+xx+k.Com]‎ ‎(2)引导名词性从句(宾语从句或主语从句)，可看作是what的强调说法，其含义相当于anything that 或all that，whatever在句中起双重作用，既起先行词与关系代词的作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语等。‎ ‎(3)however/whenever/wherever只引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how/when/where引导的从句。‎ ‎(4)whoever/whichever同whatever一样，既能引导状语从句也能引导名词性从句。‎ ‎①Whatever he did，his parents supported him.‎ ‎＝No matter what he did，his parents supported him.‎ 不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。‎ ‎②I don’t believe whatever he said.‎ 我不相信他说的一切。‎ ‎③I’ll take whatever help I can get.‎ 任何帮助我都接受。‎ ‎14．(高考浙江卷)—How about camping this weekend，just for a change?‎ ‎—OK，________you want.‎ A．whichever　　　　　　 B．however C．whatever D．whoever 解析：选C。句意：“这个周末我们换一下去野营怎么样啊？”“好的。你想做什么就做什么。”答语为省略句式，全句应为：OK，whatever you want to do.whichever 不论哪个；however无论怎样；whatever无论什么，不管什么；whoever不论是谁。‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎15.The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ________the season.‎ A．whatever　　　　　　 B．wherever C．whenever D．however 解析：选A。句意：无论什么季节，这位律师除了一套西装以外，很少穿其他的(衣服)。whatever引导让步状语从句，whatever the season即whatever the season is。wherever无论什么地方；whenever无论什么时候；however无论怎样，均不符合语境要求。‎