【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十一（17页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十一（17页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十一 ‎[一]‎ In the basement of a 27-storey landmark tower in Stockholm, Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution. He is the chief executive of Plantagon, a new urban farming factory set to kick off operations in the basement of an office block in the Swedish capital.‎ He is by no means the first enthusiast for indoor farming, which has become increasingly fashionable in recent years. Claims for the practice of growing food in basements range from feeding people in desert environments to transforming the negative environmental effects of monoculture farming.‎ Plantagon’s early promises reflect this new optimism. Petterson calls the farm’s approach “agriculture”—the combination of agriculture, technology and architecture, hoping to revolutionize how we live and eat.‎ The term may be new, but the concept isn’t. Indoor farming is made possible by agricultural technologies such as hydroponics (growing plants without soil) and aeroponics (in which plants are grown in air over containers).Food can be produced without direct sunlight or soil. ‎ Plantagon plans to grow high-value foods in a pumice-like material rather than soil. Water for the plants is measured precisely. It will also dehumidify(除湿)the air and reuse any extra water to ensure zero waste. Compared with conventional agriculture, it will need much less water to produce the same amount of crops.‎ Energy is also a key issue for indoor urban farms, which have to create artificial sunlight. Although advances in the efficiency of LED lights have helped bring down energy consumption in recent years, plants use only about 1 percent of the artificial light produced. This leads to a great waste of energy, most of which disappears as heat. The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above. Oxygen produced by the plants will be sent to office workers via the building’s air conditioners.‎ ‎【语篇导读】在斯德哥尔摩一座地标性的27层塔楼的地下室里,佩特森希望播下室内都市农业革命的种子。他将在瑞典首都的一座办公大楼的地下室开始这项工作。‎ ‎1. What does Petterson plan to do in the basement?‎ A. Grow crops.‎ B. Do operations.‎ C. Open a seed company.‎ D. Give lectures about farming.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“...Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution.”可知,他要在地下室内种植植物,所以选A项。‎ ‎2. What does the underlined phrase “The term” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A. Aerophonics. B. Hydroponics.‎ C. Monoculture. D. Agriculture.‎ 答案　D解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Petterson calls the farm’s approach ‘agriculture’—the combination of agriculture, technology and architecture, hoping to revolutionize how we live and eat.”可知,此处的“The term”指的就是“agriculture”。‎ ‎3. What do the basement farm do with energy waste?‎ A. Produce oxygen. B. Run air conditioners.‎ C. Heat offices. D. Create artificial sunlight.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above.”可知,地下室农场将收集约70%的废热,并将其注入办公大楼上方的供暖系统,所以选C项。‎ ‎4. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. A farming revolution.‎ B. Petterson’s achievement.‎ C. A water-saving farming project.‎ D. An environment-friendly system.‎ 答案　A解析　主旨大意题。根据文章的主题句“...Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution.”可知,本文主要介绍的是一场“农业革命”。‎ ‎[二]‎ The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.‎ Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied (暗示) is that the person wants ‎ the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了沉默的含义。由于文化的不同而不同,并具体说明在不同的国家沉默的含义和作用。‎ ‎1. What does the author say about silence in conversations?‎ A. It implies anger.‎ B. It promotes friendship.‎ C. It is culture-specific.‎ D. It is content-based.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句内容可推断出,在谈话过程中的沉默通常与文化密切相关,具有文化特异性。‎ ‎2. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?‎ A. The Chinese. B. The French.‎ C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,中国人与很多美国人一样,认为沉默是交流过程中的基本构成部分,谈话中出现沉默通常暗示听者需要仔细考虑。‎ ‎3. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?‎ A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.‎ B. Break it while treating patients.‎ C. Evaluate its harm to patients.‎ D. Make use of its healing effects.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句内容可知,作者建议护士们充分利用沉默的治愈价值来帮助护理病人 。‎ ‎4. What may be the best title for the text?‎ A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要说明沉默具有文化特异性,在不同的文化中,沉默表达的含义和作用各不相同。因此B项最具概括性。‎ ‎[三]‎ After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s,wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations-major food sources(来源) for the wolf-grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.‎ As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ ‎【语篇导读】文章主要介绍美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼,以改善公园的生态平衡的举措。‎ ‎1. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Wildlife research in the United States.‎ B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.‎ D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.‎ 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是首尾两段可知,文章主要介绍黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. Tested. B. Separated.‎ C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.‎ 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。从第二段第一句“Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development.”可知,过去灰狼在黄石公园随处可见,但由于人类的发展,灰狼就逐渐被迫撤出了这个地方。可推测displace意为“被迫离开”。‎ ‎3. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?‎ A. Damage to local ecology.‎ B. A decline in the park’s income.‎ C. Preservation of vegetation.‎ D. An increase in the variety of animals.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。从第三段可知,灰狼的消失带来了许多意想不到的结果:鹿群数量迅速增多,消耗大量植被;草原狼增多,吃掉了公园里占很大比例的红狐狸;完全赶走了公园里的河狸。也就是说灰狼的消失破坏了当地的生态平衡。‎ ‎4. What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?‎ A. Doubtful. B. Positive.‎ C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。从文章最后一句“The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.”可推知,作者对于黄石公园引进灰狼群持肯定态度。‎ ‎[四]‎ Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition — has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.‎ Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.‎ Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.‎ Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文介绍了一种新型飞行汽车。从汽车的配置,到汽车的性能,研发状况,政府的态度以及对飞行员的要求等都做了介绍。‎ ‎1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A. The basic data of the Transition.‎ B. The advantages of flying cars.‎ C. The potential market for flying cars.‎ D. The designers of the Transition.‎ 答案　A解析　段落大意题。第一段主要介绍了飞行汽车the Transition 的座位、轮子、可折叠的机翼、飞行的高度和速度、燃油状况等基本的数据,因此A项正确。‎ ‎2. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?‎ A. It causes traffic jams.‎ B. It is difficult to operate.‎ C. It is very expensive.‎ D. It burns too much fuel.‎ 答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.”可知,飞行汽车the Transition价格昂贵,买家不多,路上少见。因此C项正确。‎ ‎3.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?‎ A. Cautious. B. Favorable.‎ C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.‎ 答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”可知,政府对此项目给予支持,持赞同的态度,故B项正确。cautious“谨慎的”;favorable“赞同的”;ambiguous“模棱两可的”;disapproving“不赞同的”。‎ ‎4. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Flying Car at Auto Show B. The Transition’s First Flight C. Pilots’ Dream Coming True D. Flying Car Closer to Reality 答案　D解析　主旨大意题。第一段介绍了这种飞行汽车完成了第一次试飞;第二段介绍已经有大约100人交了购买定金;第三段提到了政府对此的支持;第四段介绍了让飞机投入使用的改良办法以及对飞行员的要求等。纵观全文,这种飞行汽车投入使用的可能性越来越大,因此D项正确。‎ ‎[五]‎ Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.‎ Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.‎ ‎“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”‎ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be ‎ presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.‎ Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”‎ ‎【语篇导读】近来,联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日。一些世界上最著名的音乐家聚集在巴黎和新奥尔良以庆祝第一届国际爵士乐日。‎ ‎1. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?‎ A. To remember the birth of jazz.‎ B. To protect cultural diversity.‎ C. To encourage people to study music.‎ D. To recognize the value of jazz.‎ 答案　D解析　细节理解题。从文章第一段的“UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying voice across cultures.”可知,联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日,其目的是提高人们对爵士乐价值和意义的认可。‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ B. The production of jazz growing faster.‎ C. Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ D. The jazz audience becoming larger.‎ 答案　C解析　词义猜测题。从文章第二段的“...the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”可知,在美国,爵士乐未能获得年轻一代的青睐。这正是Jason Moran试图改变的地方。‎ ‎3. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?‎ A. It will disappear gradually.‎ B. It remains black and white.‎ C. It should keep up with the times.‎ D. It changes every 50 years.‎ 答案　C解析　推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段的“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same...”可知,Jason Moran指出,‎ 今天的爵士乐不能再以1908年或1958年那种方式呈现了。它必须进行改变,以跟上时代的步伐。‎ ‎4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Exploring the Future of Jazz B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz C. The Story of a Jazz Musician D. Celebrating the Jazz Day 答案　A解析　主旨大意题。本文以第一届国际爵士乐日的设立引入话题,探讨了爵士乐的现状以及未来。‎ ‎[六]‎ Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.‎ In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.‎ ‎“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, ”she explains. “I pay ￡5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”‎ The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.‎ With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.‎ ‎【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了苏珊娜·里德主持的新节目《省钱,美食》。其内容为如何在资金紧张的情况下做出营养可口的饭菜。‎ ‎1. What do we know about Susanna Reid?‎ A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.‎ B. She has started a new programme.‎ C. She dislikes working early in the morning.‎ D. She has had a tight budget for her family.‎ 答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据文章的第一段,特别是其中的转折部分“but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget”可知,她最近的角色是教观众如何在资金紧张的情况下做出营养可口的饭菜。因此推测,她现在开始了一个新节目,所以选B项。‎ ‎2. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?‎ A. He buys cooking materials for her.‎ B. He prepares food for her kids.‎ C. He assists her in cooking matters.‎ D. He invites guest families for her.‎ 答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day”可知,马特主厨在烹饪方面给予了她帮助,所以选C项。‎ ‎3. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?‎ A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.‎ B. Provide some advice for the readers.‎ C. Add some background information.‎ D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.‎ 答案　C解析　推理判断题。作者在第四段中提到“The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health...”,由此可知,作者写这一段是为了提供一些有关节目的背景信息,所以C项正确。‎ ‎4. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less 答案　D解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了苏珊娜·里德的新节目《省钱,美食》,再结合第一段中的“how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget”可知,D项可概括全文的内容。A、C两项以偏概全,B项无中生有。‎ ‎[七]‎ Oumuamua, an object falling through space that was discovered on October 19th,has already made history. The speed at which it is moving relative to the sun means that it cannot be native to the solar system. Its official name is thus 1I/2017 U1,with the “I” standing for “interstellar(星际)—the first time this name has ever been used.‎ That is exciting. Some scientists, though, entertain an even more exciting possibility—what if Oumuamua is not an asteroid(小行星),as most think, but an alien(外星的) spacecraft? Asteroids come in all sorts of shapes and sizes, but Oumuamua seems particularly different. As best as astronomers can tell, it is cigarlike, being roughly 180 meters long but only about 30 meters wide. That makes it longer than anything known of in the solar system. Such a shape would be a sensible choice for a spaceship, since it would minimize the scouring(摩擦) effect of interstellar dust.‎ With that in mind the Breakthrough Listen project, an organization aimed at hunting for alien life, plans to turn the world’s biggest radio telescope, the Green Bank instrument in Virginia, towards Oumuamua to see if it can hear anything interesting. Oumuamua is currently about twice as far from Earth as Earth is from the sun. At that range, the telescope should be sensitive enough to pick up a transmitter about as powerful as a mobile phone after just a few seconds’ worth of observations.‎ Will it find anything? Almost certainly not. Oumuamua has the same reddish color as many asteroids, so probably has a similar composition. And if it really is a spaceship, it is strange that signs of its artificial origin have not been seen already. It could, in theory, be a derelict(遗弃星球).But in that case the telescope is unlikely to hear anything. By far the most likely option is that it is exactly what it seems to be—a huge space rock, one that has come to the solar system from the vast space between the stars.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普类的文章。Oumuamua的形状让一些科学家认为它可能是外星飞船,但它最有可能是太空岩石,Oumuamua的真实身份还有待发现。‎ ‎1. What makes some scientists think Oumuamua is possibly an alien spacecraft?‎ A. Its size. B. Its color.‎ C. Its shape. D. Its speed.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Such a shape would be a sensible choice for a spaceship, since it would minimize the scouring(摩擦) effect of interstellar dust.”可知,是它的形状让一些科学家认为Oumuamua可能是一艘外星飞船。‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “that” in the third paragraph probably mean?‎ A. The research into the solar system.‎ B. The purpose of hunting for alien life.‎ C. The effect of interstellar dust on Oumuamua.‎ D. The possibility of Oumuamua being a spaceship.‎ 答案　D 解析　代词指代题。根据上一段提到的“Such a shape would be a sensible choice for a spaceship,...”可知,此处的that指的就是上文提到的Oumuamua是一艘太空飞船的可能。‎ ‎3. What is Oumuamua most likely to be according to the author?‎ A. An asteroid.‎ B. A space rock.‎ C. Interstellar dust.‎ D. An alien spacecraft.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“By far the most likely option is that it is exactly what it seems to be—a huge space rock”可知,Oumuamua最有可能是一块太空岩石。‎ ‎4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that 　　　. ‎ A. Oumuamua will return to where it’s from soon B. Oumuamua’s real identity remains to be found out C. astronomers have not seen signs of Oumuamua’s artificial origin D. the Green Bank telescope has already heard something from Oumuamua 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段前三句“Will it find anything? Almost certainly not. Oumuamua has the same reddish color as many asteroids, so probably has a similar composition.”可知,Oumuamua的真实身份还有待发现。‎ ‎[八]‎ David Rees runs a truly distinctive business. He charges customers $15 to sharpen their pencils to perfection, using a variety of tools.‎ I know what you’re thinking—is this a joke? The 39-year-old gets asked that question a lot. To clarify everything, he even created a special section on his website telling everyone he’s actually providing a real service.‎ You can supply your own pencil or you can have Rees sharpen one of his own favorite 2B pencils. After that, he mails it to you in a display tube with the shavings in a separate bag, and an authentic certificate which just happens to mention the pencil is so sharp as to be a dangerous object.‎ To achieve the desired result, the master sharpener uses all kinds of tools, including general sandpaper, pocket knives and even a special $450 sharpening machine. “It depends on what the customer wants to use his/her pencil for,” he says. That determines the most appropriate ‎ pencil-sharpening technique. Some customers buy pencils as inspirational symbols while others buy them because of their special memories of classic 2B pencils.‎ ‎$15 to have a pencil sharpened is a bit expensive though, right? You’re not the only one that feels that way, and David’s unique business has really angered lots of people, who talk of inequality in America, saying it is so insane for the wealthy to pay $15 to sharpen a pencil. But others will say, “This is just our urge to put an end to the welfare state because new ideas arise along with the business.”‎ David admits his trade is sort of unusual. But there are those who actually value his service, as is proven by the over 500 orders he has gotten.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了大卫提供为他人削铅笔的独特服务。‎ ‎1. How can David make money by sharpening pencils?‎ A. He invents new tools for the job.‎ B. He promotes his skill on his website.‎ C. He saves lots of time for other people.‎ D. He provides quality service for his customers.‎ 答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“To achieve the desired result, the master sharpener uses...even a special $450 sharpening machine.”可推知,大卫给客户提供高质量的削铅笔服务,故选D项。文章只是提到了运用各种工具,并没有提到发明新工具,所以A项错误;根据第二段可知,主人公在网站上解释了自己的工作,而非宣传技能,所以B项错误;C项错在主人公为他人节省了很多时间,文章中对此并没有提及,故可排除。‎ ‎2.From his words, we can infer that David Rees 　　　. ‎ A. knows all kinds of pencil users B. provides personalized services C. values ideas behind the pencils D. always writes in pencil 答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It depends on what the customer wants to use his/her pencil for”可知,大卫会给客户提供个性化的服务,故选B项。‎ ‎3. What does the underlined word “insane”(in Paragraph 5)mean?‎ A. Deliberate. B. Rewarding.‎ C. Unreasonable. D. Irresponsible.‎ 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“$15 to have a pencil sharpened is a bit expensive though, right?”并结合第二段第一句“I know what you’re thinking—is this a joke?”可推知,此处的insane意为“十分愚蠢的,疯狂的”,‎ 故选C项。deliberate“故意的”;rewarding “值得做的”;irresponsible“不负责任的”。‎ ‎4. What seems to be the author’s attitude to David Rees’ trade?‎ A. It’s a fancy service.‎ B. It has a good reputation.‎ C. It’s awfully expensive.‎ D. It wastes time and money.‎ 答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据全文的整体内容可知,作者认为大卫所提供的削铅笔服务是与众不同的,别出心裁的,故选A项。‎ ‎[九]‎ China became the first country to clone a monkey using non-reproductive cells, scientists said on Thursday. By December 2017,the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques(猕猴) named “Zhongzhong” and “Huahua”by nuclear transferring of body cells—any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells. This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.‎ Telra, a monkey born in 1999,was the world’s first ever-cloned monkey, but it was done using a simpler method called embryo splitting(胚胎分裂),and couldn’t be genetically modified to suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming,a leading researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. “Cloning a monkey using body cells has been a world-class challenge because it is a primate(灵长类)that shares its genetic makeup and all of its complexity, with humans,” he said.‎ ‎“For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly and bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes,”Pu said.‎ ‎“By cloning a monkey using body cells, we can reproduce a large number of genetically identical monkeys in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs,” he added. “This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine.”‎ Sun Qiang, director of the non-human primate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug trials were currently done on lab mice. However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different.‎ Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans. This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science project related to study of primate brains.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普类说明文。讲述了中国在克隆技术上取得的成就——中国是第一个使用非生殖细胞克隆猕猴的国家。‎ ‎1. What do we know about the two clone macaques?‎ A. They were the first monkeys ever cloned in the world.‎ B. They were created using reproductive cells.‎ C. They would be fed to suit experimental needs.‎ D. The technology used to create them was similar to that of creating Dolly.‎ 答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.”可知,克隆猕猴使用的技术与著名的克隆多利使用的技术是相似的。‎ ‎2.The underlined word in the fourth paragraph is closest to “　　　”in meaning. ‎ A. same B. similar C. relevant D. close 答案　A解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“reproduce”以及下文提到的“we can even change their genes to suit our needs”可知,用身体细胞克隆猴子,我们可以在很短的时间里大量克隆基因相同的猴子,甚至可以改变它们的基因来满足我们的要求。因此推断画线词词义与A项“same”相同。‎ ‎3. What can be learned from the passage?‎ A. Pu Muming and Sun Qiang were doing most work in cloning the two macaques.‎ B. Genetic research on monkeys can be seen as effective as that on humans.‎ C. Mice share the same genetic makeup and complexity with humans.‎ D. Scientists can reproduce cloned monkeys to cut down experiment costs.‎ 答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第一段第一句“Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans.”可知,猴子和人都是灵长类,他们关系密切,因此对于猴子的基因研究与对人类的研究一样有效。故选B项。‎ ‎4.This passage above can be most probably read in 　　　. ‎ A. a science magazine B. a guidebook C. a storybook D. a brochure 答案　A解析　推理判断题。纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述克隆技术方面的研究成果,中国成功用非生殖细胞克隆出猕猴。因此推断文章很可能在科技杂志上找到。‎ ‎[十]‎ Many people want to grow their own garden, but they simply do not have the room. Don’t worry. There is a solution. Consider container gardening.‎ The great thing about container gardening is that you can use a variety of different containers. You simply have to use your imagination. You could create a beautiful garden with things such as cement blocks, hanging ‎ baskets, clay pots, or window boxes. There are so many options when it comes to container gardening; it is only limited by your imagination.‎ Of course, you will want to take the following into consideration when you are ready to begin container gardening, in order for it to be successful.‎ First, you should avoid any containers that have been used to store chemicals, as well as treated wood. This could lead to the sudden death of your flowers and lead to the failure of your container gardening.‎ With the container that you choose, you need to ensure that it allows the water in it to drain when necessary. So it may be essential for you to create holes in the container to help this along. You should also make sure the container is placed on a raised surface, not upon the floor, to ensure the best possible drainage.‎ Ensure that the container you choose is appropriate in size for the plants you choose. You need to prevent the roots from overgrowing the container.‎ If you like fresh veggies, you could consider container gardening with vegetables. This requires a process that differs from that of flower gardening. Talk to an employee at a supply store in your area. They can help you choose the right containers for the vegetables you are wishing to grow.‎ ‎【语篇导读】如果你喜欢园艺,而又没有足够的空间,怎么办呢?本文给你提供了解决的办法。‎ ‎1 .Which of the following may be improper material(s) for container gardening?‎ A. Clay pots. B. Cement blocks.‎ C. Treated wood. D. Window boxes.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“First,you should avoid any containers that have been used to store chemicals, as well as treated wood.”可知,应该避免使用任何储存化学物质的容器以及经过处理的木材,所以选C项。‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “drain” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A. To flow away. B. To give off.‎ C. To pour down. D. To hold back.‎ 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“...it allows the water in it to drain when necessary.”中的“allows the water in it”和“when necessary”可知,此处的意思是“当有必要的时候让水流出来”,所以A项正确。‎ ‎3. Compared to flower gardening, what do we know about vegetable gardening?‎ A. It seems much easier.‎ B. It requires more time.‎ C. It demands more water.‎ D. It needs special containers.‎ 答案　D解析　推理判断题。最后一段提到:蔬菜种植与花卉园艺不同。和你所在地区一家供应店的员工谈谈,他们可以帮你选择合适的容器。由此可知,蔬菜园艺要使用特殊的容器。‎ ‎4. Who may be interested in the text?‎ A. Farmers who are good at gardening.‎ B. Citizens who enjoy gardening.‎ C. Children who like outdoor activities.‎ D. People who have a big yard.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Many people want to grow their own garden, but they simply do not have the room. Don’t worry. There is a solution. Consider container gardening.”可知,那些喜欢园艺,又没有足够空间的人会对此感兴趣,所以选B项。‎