2020届译林版高中英语复习必修5学案：Unit3Scienceandnature

2020届译林版高中英语复习必修5学案：Unit3Scienceandnature

Unit 3 Science and nature 一、课前基础自查 ‎(一)分类记单词——省时高效 Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)‎ ‎1．clone vt.　　　　　　　 克隆 n. 克隆出来的动物或植物 ‎2．nutrition n. 营养 ‎3．fellow n. 男子，家伙；同事，同类 ‎4．channel n. 水道；航道；隧道 ‎5．catastrophe n. 灾难，灾祸 ‎6．insert vt. 插入，嵌入 ‎7．harvest vt.& vi. 收割(庄稼)‎ n. 收获；收成 ‎8．saleswoman n. 女售货员，女推销员 ‎9．physician n. 医师；内科医生 ‎10．tasty adj. 美味的，可口的 ‎11．agriculture n. 农业 ‎12．rainforest n. 雨林 Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)‎ ‎1．accurate adj. 准确的，精确的 ‎2．brief adj. 短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，简单的 ‎3.exact adj.　　　　　精确的，准确的 ‎4．relation n. 关系；亲戚 ‎5．conduct vt. 实施；指挥乐队 ‎6．profit n. 利润，收益 vi.& vt. 获益；对……有用 ‎ ‎7．concept n. 概念；观念 ‎8．favour n. 赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒 ‎9．ordinary adj. 普通的，一般的 ‎10．confirm vt.& vi. 证实，证明；确认；使确信 ‎11．transform vt. 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态 ‎12．summary n. 总结；概括，概要 ‎13．actual adj. 真实的，实际的 ‎14．income n. 收入，收益 ‎15．crime n. 罪，罪行 ‎16．hunger n. 饥饿；饥荒 ‎17．breakthrough n. 突破 ‎18．permission n. 准许，许可，批准 ‎ Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)‎ ‎1．anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxious adj.担忧的，焦急的 ‎2．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳→adopted adj.收养的→adoption n．采用；收养 ‎3．consequence n．结果，后果→consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently adv.因此，所以 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．Support for intercountry adoption is particularly strong in America, where parents adopt more foreign children than all the rest of the world.(adopt)‎ ‎2．An anxious man may not know that anxiety comes from not being able to adapt himself in his own ‎4．profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.专业的，职业的 ‎5．original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的→origin n．起源；出身，来历 ‎6．judgement n．判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决→judge v．判断 ‎7．majority n．多数，大多数→minority n．少数民族；少数 ‎8．consideration n．仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及→consider v．考虑，认为→considering prep.鉴于，考虑到→considerate adj.体贴的→considerable adj.大量的 ‎9．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的→rely vi.依靠，依赖 ‎10．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightening adj.(事物)令人害怕的→frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的 ‎11．intention n．目的，意图；企图→intend vt.意欲，计划；打算 ‎ existence.(anxious)‎ ‎3．No one knows for certain the origin of the custom. We only know the custom is still in its original condition.(origin)‎ ‎4．Your judgement is right. Judging from his look, he must be angry with us. But we can't judge a person only by his/her appearance.(judge)‎ ‎5．The old man considers his daughterinlaw considerate because she always takes everything into consideration when she deals with family affairs.(consider)‎ ‎6．My cousin is a reliable person and you can rely on it that he can help you.(rely)‎ ‎7．Mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightening scene because it frightened her to death.(frighten)‎ ‎(二)练中记短语——记牢用活 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.on_the_one_hand_..._on_the_other_hand_...‎ ‎　　　一方面……另一方面……‎ ‎2．toy_with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏 ‎3．push_ahead_with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进 ‎4．for_sale 供出售，待销售 ‎5．be/get_burnt_out 耗尽体力，累垮 ‎6．follow_in_one's_footsteps 效仿某人 ‎7．take_..._into_consideration 认真考虑 ‎8．in_favour_of 赞同，支持 ‎1.I got the information about the secondhand house for_sale from yesterday's newspaper.‎ ‎2．On_the_one_hand,_parents should be concerned about children's study; on_the_other_hand,_children's safety should not be ignored.‎ ‎3．Amanda's success may inspire other Indonesian children to follow_in_her_footsteps.‎ ‎4．Before you leave the office, everything should be put_in_place.‎ ‎5．We should have good communication skills and the skills to deal_with the matter.‎ ‎9．point_of_view 观点 ‎10．make_sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通 ‎11．put_..._in_place 准备就绪，布置妥当 ‎12．rather_than 而不是 ‎13．deal_with 处理，对付 ‎14．compared_with 与……相比较 ‎15．point_out 指出 ‎16．in_summary 概括地说 ‎17．in_agreement_with 同意；与……一致 ‎18．turn_out 结果是，证明是；生产 ‎6．I think all the people at the meeting will be in_favour_of your opinion.‎ ‎7．People seem to fail to take_into_consideration the fact that education does not end with graduation.‎ ‎8．No matter who points_out our shortcomings, we will correct them.‎ ‎9．Compared_with small neighborhood stores, supermarkets sell various goods we need in our daily life.‎ ‎10．Independence is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in_agreement_with them.‎ ‎(三)仿写明句式——以用为本 教材原句 句式解读 句式仿写 ‎1.The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.‎ 第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。‎ the first/second/... (＋n./pron.)后常接不定式(to do)作定语。‎ ‎(2016·四川高考写作佳句)我想在夏天做的第一件事就是躺在树下吃冰淇淋。‎ I think the first thing　to　do in summer is to lie under a tree and eat ice cream.‎ ‎2.The boy was more frightened than hurt.‎ 这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。‎ more ... than ...意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。‎ ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)对于我们学生而言，环保与其说是兴趣，倒不如说是一种责任。‎ Environmental protection is more a responsibility for our students than interest.‎ ‎3.Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.‎ 转基因食品就是最好的例子。‎ 否定词(nowhere)与形容词比较级(truer)连用表示最高级含义。‎ 再没有什么比未能获得成功更令人疲倦的了。‎ There is nothing_more_tiring_than not succeeding.‎ 二、课堂重点深化 ‎1．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals.‎ ‎②Parents who have an adopted child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is_adopted.(adopt)‎ 完成句子 ‎③After much consideration, the president decided to adopt_her_suggestion (采纳她的建议)．‎ ‎④Pupils should be helped to adopt_a_positive_attitude_to (对……采取积极的态度) their life.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)adopt one's advice (suggestion)/plan/idea ‎　　　　　　　　 　 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法 adopt a positive attitude to 对……采取积极的态度 adopt an orphan 领养孤儿 ‎(2)adopted adj. 领养的 adoption n. 收养；采纳 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错对对碰(adopt/adapt)‎ ‎⑤The young couple had no children of their own and adopted_an orphan. After a few months, the orphan came to adapt to his new life.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我希望你采纳我的建议，祝你玩得愉快。‎ I_hope_you_would_adopt_my_suggestions_and_have_a_good_time.‎ ‎[名师指津]　adopt与adapt 是容易混淆的形似词，adapt意为“适应”。‎ ‎2．consequence n．结果；后果 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As a consequence, they can't concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.‎ ‎②Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.‎ ‎③The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.‎ 完成句子 ‎④Today, as_a_consequence_of/in_consequence_of (由于) the rapid development of digital technology, the appearance of people and their way of life have been revolutionary changed.‎ ‎⑤The young should learn to take/accept/face the consequences of (承担……的后果) their actions.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)as a consequence/result ＝ in consequence ‎　　　　　　　　　　 因此，结果 ‎ as a consequence/result of ＝ in consequence of ‎ 因为……的缘故 ‎(2)take/accept/face the consequences of ‎ 承担……的后果 ‎(3)consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的 ‎ consequently adv. 因此，结果；所以 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑥As consequence of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking of food source.As后加a或As→In 佳句时时写 ‎⑦(2013·福建高考书面表达)结果，孩子们变得如此依赖父母，以至于他们没有独立的思考或创意。‎ As_a_consequence,_children_become_so_reliant_on_their_parents_that_they_have_no_independent_thoughts_or_creative_ideas.‎ ‎3．transform vt.& vi.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①She helps transform literature into braille (盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.‎ ‎②Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed (transform) from one form into another.‎ ‎③He has made a complete transformation (transform) from a comedian into a dramatic actor.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)transform (...) into ...　　　　　　 (把……)变成……/转化成……‎ be transformed from ... into/to ... 由……变成……；由……迁到……‎ ‎(2)transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，变革 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎④It is a surprise that the faraway village has been transformed a famous tourist city in only ten years.transformed后加into 佳句时时写 ‎⑤(2014·湖南高考书面表达)当你走路时，一台小型机器将行走所产生的能量转换成电能并储存起来。‎ When_you_walk,_a_small_machine_transforms_the_energy_produced_by_walking_into_electric_energy_and_stores_it.‎ ‎[名师指津]　“把……变成……”的其他表达：turn ...into ...; change ...into ...等。‎ ‎4．conduct vt.指挥乐队；导电；实施，进行；引导n.行为，举止 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中conduct的含义 ‎①From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct. 行为，举止 ‎②Knowledge is the candle to conduct you to the bright and true life. 引导 ‎③In the new century we need to conduct new foreign trade policies to realize highspeed development of our economy. 实施，进行 ‎④Most metals can conduct electricity. 导电 ‎⑤Who will conduct the orchestra tonight？指挥 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑥(2010·湖南高考书面表达)到目前为止，我们已经开展了各种英语学习活动，例如观看英语电影、举办圣诞派对、与外国学生聚会等。‎ So_far_we_have_conducted_a_variety_of_activities_on_English_learning,_such_as_watching_English_films,_holding_Christmas_parties_and_getting_together_with_foreign_students_etc.‎ ‎5．majority n．多数，大多数 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①A majority of Africans are (be) forced to work for the Europeans.‎ ‎②The majority of the land has_been_destroyed (destroy) so far.‎ ‎③For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority are/is (be) over the age of fifty.‎ ‎④I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major in the gardening after attending college.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑤The white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.‎ 在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)a/the majority of ...　　　 大多数……‎ be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数 ‎(2)minority n. 少数 in the/a minority 占少数 ‎(3)major n．& v. 专业；主修 adj. 主要的 major in 主修……；以……为专业 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑥But even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them is really friendly and I've made some good friends.is→are 佳句时时写 ‎⑦(2015·浙江高考书面表达)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃自己的看法，而去尊重大多数人的观点。‎ When_I_have_a_different_opinion,_I_may_choose_to_give_it_up_and_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.‎ ‎[名师指津]　(1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。‎ ‎(2)the majority of ＋ ‎6．confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信 ‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ 完成句子 ‎①They worked out an effective method, which was_confirmed_by_the_leadership (被领导认可了)．‎ ‎②It_has_not_been_confirmed (尚未得到证实) that the agreement is to be signed.‎ ‎③The recent airplane crash confirms_my_belief (坚定了我的信念) that stronger safety regulations are needed.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ confirm one's belief　　　　　　 坚定某人的信念 be confirmed by sb. 被某人认可 It has been confirmed that ... 已确定/证实……‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎④That has been confirmed that he wasn't the person who stole your bike.That→It 佳句时时写 ‎⑤(2011·江苏高考书面表达)这张照片使我确信，成为一个好女儿比“好”学生更重要。‎ The_picture_confirms_me_it_is_even_more_important_to_be_a_good_daughter_than_a_“good”_student.‎ ‎7．favour n．赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；喜爱；偏爱，偏袒vt.支持，偏袒 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中favour的含义 ‎①We have to apply the same rules to everyone, showing no favour.偏爱，偏袒 ‎②Chinese export commodities have enjoyed growing favour among buyers abroad.喜爱 ‎③I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your car？帮助 ‎④I talked to Susie about travelling abroad, and she was all in favour of going abroad.赞同 ‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑤Everyone present at the meeting was in favour of what he put forward.‎ ‎⑥It used to be my favourite (favour) restaurant but the standard of cooking has fallen off recently.‎ ‎⑦He made a favourable (favour) impression on his future colleagues.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)in favour of　　　　　　　 支持，赞同；有利于 in sb.'s favour 有利于某人 ‎(2)do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb. 给某人以恩惠；帮助某人 ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb.　 请某人帮忙 ‎(3)favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的；良好的 favourite adj.& n. 特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑧People who are in the favour of modern city life may think it is rather dull to live in the countryside.去掉favour前的the 佳句时时写 ‎⑨(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我写信告诉你一些关于我即将到来的暑假的计划，我也希望你帮我一个忙。‎ I_am_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_my_plan_for_the_coming_summer_vacation_and_I_also_want_you_to_do_me_a_favour.‎ ‎8．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①It was a very frightening (frighten) experience and they were very courageous. ‎ ‎②The mothers are frightened of the children going camping, for they may get lost in the mountain.‎ ‎③She was frightened to_see (see) a figure in the dark.‎ ‎④He was frightened at_the thought of the coming examination. ‎ ‎⑤The snake picked up its head and stuck out its tongue which gave everyone a fright (frighten). ‎ ‎⑥The bird came to the window, but I moved suddenly and frightened it away/off.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.　　 吓得某人做/不敢做某事 frighten ... away/off 吓走/跑 frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死 ‎(2)frightening adj. (事物)令人恐惧的，可怕的 frightened adj. (人)害怕的，受到惊吓的 be frightened at/by 因……害怕，被……吓坏了 be frightened of/that 担心……，对……害怕 be frightened to do 害怕做……‎ ‎(3)fright n. 恐惧，害怕 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑦Seeing so many people injured during the conflict, the girl stood there shaking with a frightening look.frightening→frightened 佳句时时写 ‎⑧(2017·浙江高考书面表达)Paul迅速打开门，这个被吓坏了的人迅速冲进车里，砰地关上(slam)了他身后的门。‎ Paul_quickly_unlocked_the_door,_and_the_frightened_man_rushed_into_the_car,_slamming_the_door_behind_him.‎ ‎[名师指津]　过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。‎ ‎9．profit n．利润，收益；好处，益处 vi.获益 vt.对……有用/好处 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中profit的词性和含义 ‎①I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example.vt.对……有用/好处 ‎②On the basis of our sales forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year.n.利润，收益 ‎③I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. n．好处，益处 ‎④I'm sure that all of you will profit from this special experience.vi.获益 ‎　‎ ‎[重点强化]‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤(2017·江苏高考书面表达)中国电影票房收入在2015年持续增长，为电影制片商带来了巨大的利润。‎ The_boxoffice_income_of_Chinese_movies_witnessed_a_constant_increase_in_2015,_which_brought_great_profit_for_film_makers.‎ ‎1．on the one hand ... on the other hand ... 一方面……另一方面……‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ 完成句子 ‎①On_the_one_hand,_we should develop our economy; on_the_other_hand,_we should ‎ protect the environment.‎ 一方面我们应该发展经济；另一方面我们应该保护环境。‎ ‎②I'm not going to buy it; for_one_thing I don't like the color, and for_another it's far too expensive.‎ 我不会买它，首先我不喜欢这颜色，再者也太贵了。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎ on (the) one hand ... on the other (hand) ...‎ 意为“一方面……另一方面……”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等 for one thing ... for another (thing)．..‎ 意为“首先……，再者……”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致 ‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎③On one hand I admire his gifts, but on other hand I distrust his judgement.other前加the 佳句时时写 ‎④(2013·山东高考书面表达)一方面，我可以挣钱来减轻家庭的负担。另一方面，我可以积累社会经验，这对我将来的生活也有好处。‎ On_the_one_hand,_I_can_earn_some_money_to_reduce_the_burden_of_my_family.On_the_other_hand,_I_can_accumulate_some_social_experience,_which_does_good_to_my_future_life.‎ ‎[名师指津]　on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外，on the other hand可以单独使用。‎ ‎2．follow in one's footsteps 效仿某人 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 完成句子 ‎①We mustn't blindly follow_in_the_footsteps_of foreign practice.‎ 我们不能亦步亦趋盲目地照外国办法行事。‎ ‎②We must all follow_his_example and serve the people with all our hearts.‎ 我们都应以他为榜样，全心全意为人民服务。‎ ‎③The good points of the novel may be summarized as_follows.‎ 这部小说的优点概括起来有以下几个方面。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)follow in the footsteps of ... 效仿……‎ follow one's example 以某人为榜样 follow one's advice/directions 听从/遵循某人的建议/指示 ‎(2)as follows 如下，如下所述 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎④You won't get well unless you follow the doctor advice.doctor→doctor's 佳句时时写 ‎⑤(2016·四川高考书面表达)夏天是一年中我最喜欢的季节。 原因如下。‎ Summer_is_my_favorite_season_of_the_year.The_reasons_are_as_follows.‎ ‎3．take ... into consideration认真考虑 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①It's said that the plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education.‎ ‎②If you can help other people with pleasure and show your consideration for them, everybody will like to be with you.‎ ‎③He is really considering devoting (devote) himself to educating these children of the poor mountain village.‎ ‎④It is considerate (consider) of you not to make any noise while the others are having a rest.‎ ‎⑤Considering (consider) their age, they couldn't have done it better.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑥Your teacher will take_your_recent_illness_into_consideration (考虑你最近生病的情况) when judging your examination results.‎ ‎⑦You should turn your music down out_of_consideration_for_your_neighbours (出于对你的邻居们的体谅)．‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)show consideration for　　 对……表示关心 under consideration 在讨论/考虑中 out of consideration for 出于对……的考虑/体谅 ‎(2)consider vt. 考虑；认为 considerate adj. 考虑周到的，体贴的 considerable adj. 大量的 considering prep. 考虑到；就……而言；鉴于 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑧Everything taking into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. taking→taken 佳句时时写 ‎⑨(2012·安徽高考书面表达)考虑了所有因素之后，我决定将理科作为我的主修学科。‎ After_taking_everything_into_consideration,_I_decided_on_science_as_my_main_subject_of_study.‎ ‎4．动词不定式作后置定语 ‎　[教材原句]　The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ ‎①He is always the first to_bear hardships and the last to_enjoy comforts.‎ 他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人。‎ ‎②It's said that she has the ability to_do the challenging work well.‎ 据说她有能力做好这一项具有挑战性的工作。‎ ‎③He had no money and no place to_live_in.‎ 他没有钱也没有地方住。‎ ‎　[归纳点拨]‎ (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the only， the last， the right时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。‎ (2)动词不定式作后置定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability， chance， opportunity， ambition， attempt， offer， way以及time， place等。‎ ‎　[佳句背诵]‎ ‎①(增分要点句)(2015·北京高考写作佳句)It offers teenagers, like you and me, a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.‎ ‎②(增分要点句)(2014·福建高考写作佳句)In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．This report offered the most specific and accurate (准确的) description of the problems.‎ ‎2．We are studying to prove this point, and it has initially been confirmed (证实)．‎ ‎3．Will you do me a favour (帮忙) and tell me how the Internet works?‎ ‎4．Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting (指挥) an opera.‎ ‎5．John was adopted (收养) as a baby; he never knew his natural parents.‎ ‎6．Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences (结果), so do be careful.‎ ‎7．We are looking for someone who is reliable (可靠的) and hardworking.‎ ‎8．In no case should we sacrifice principles for economic profits (利润)．‎ ‎9．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority (大多数) of the committee members are against it.‎ ‎10．This poem fully expresses the author's love for the ordinary (普通的) people and hatred for the ruling class.‎ ‎11．The movie transformed (使改变) her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a superstar.‎ ‎12．I can't make that decision for you, so you will have to use your judgement (判断力)．‎ ‎13．Careful consideration (考虑) should be given to issues of health and safety.‎ ‎14．It's better for the government to attach more importance to the original (首创的) inventions of all kinds.‎ ‎15．He received the news of his father's sickness with great anxiety (焦虑)．‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I think he did it by accident, not by intention (intend)．‎ ‎2．His success was a long history; but briefly (brief) speaking, he succeeded after many failures.‎ ‎3．Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.‎ ‎4．He was a wonderful father to both his natural and adopted (adopt) children.‎ ‎5．The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were (be) students.‎ ‎6．She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks.‎ ‎7．He is a doctor and expects his son to follow_in his footsteps.‎ ‎8．I have been told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious to_get (get) help from you.‎ ‎9．On the one hand, I am your teacher; but on the other hand, I am also your friend.‎ ‎10．If I have any further news, you will be the first person to_know (know)．‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed to heat.to→into ‎2．The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about ‎ figuring something out may have adopted by adult scientists.have后加been ‎3．Hearing a strange noise, the poor man, trembling and frightening, ran out of the dark cave.frightening→frightened ‎4．Strictly speaking, you shouldn't enter the lab without the permission. 去掉第二个the ‎5．Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.第二个is→are ‎6．In one word, everyone in our group does well in the activity.In a consequence, we are elected as the model group this term.去掉a或a前的In→As ‎7．Don't set the old worker the heavy task.For one thing he's old; for other thing he's in poor health.other→another ‎8．No one put forward anything better than the plan now under the consideration.去掉第二个the ‎9．It's very kind of you to do a favour to me by letting me get out of trouble.第二个to→for Ⅳ.翻译句子/句型转换 ‎1．所有出席会议的人都赞成该计划。(in favour of)‎ All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan.‎ ‎2．他们恐吓那个小男孩以使他说出秘密。(frighten sb. into )‎ They_frightened_the_little_boy_into_telling_them_the_secret.‎ ‎3．我遗憾地告诉你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不解雇你。(in consequence of, dismiss)‎ I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you.‎ ‎4．我们每个人都要有梦想，并且要对梦想采取积极乐观的态度。(adopt a positive attitude)‎ Every_one_of_us_should_have_a_dream_and_adopt_a_positive_attitude_to_our_dreams.‎ ‎5．他写了这封信，打算征求一些意见。(with the intention of)‎ He_wrote_the_letter_with_the_intention_of_asking_for_some_advice.‎ ‎6．The mountainous country is so beautiful that I can't describe.‎ ‎→The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe.‎ ‎7．How exciting! I have watched the most exciting match.‎ ‎→How exciting! I have never watched a more exciting match before.‎ 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“前沿科技”子话题相对应 一、话题语素积累多一点 子话题——前沿科技 ‎(一)浅易词汇温一温 ‎①clone　　　　②process　　 ③objection　　④fear ‎⑤gene ⑥procedure ⑦regulation ⑧advantage ‎⑨disadvantage ⑩virtue ⑪copy ⑫beneficial ‎⑬cruel ⑭moral ⑮flexible ⑯resist ‎⑰terrify ⑱undertake ⑲arise ⑳differ treat inject cure benefit support damage ‎(二)生疏词汇记一记 ‎①organism n．有机体　　　　 ②upbringing n．抚育，养育 ‎③makeup n．构成，构造 ④genetics n．遗传学 ‎⑤component n．成分 ⑥biodiversity n．生物多样性 ‎⑦breed n．(动植物的)品种 ⑧sample n．样本 ‎⑨biotechnology n．生物科技 ⑩identical adj.完全相同的 ‎⑪transplant n．& vt.移植 ⑫controversial adj.有争议的 ‎⑬optional adj.可选择的 ⑭compulsory adj.强制的 ‎⑮horrible adj.可怕的 ⑯analyse v．分析 ‎⑰aging adj.变老的 ⑱reproduce v．复制；使再现 ‎⑲genetic adj.基因的，遗传基因的 ‎⑳industrialized/industrialised adj.工业化的 advocate vt.主张，拥护n.提倡者，拥护者 ‎(三)常用词块忆一忆 ‎①technological innovation　　　　 科技创新 ‎②new frontier 新领域 ‎③3D technology 3D技术 ‎④digital technology 数字技术 ‎⑤artificial intelligence 人工智能 ‎⑥new and high technology industry 高新技术产业 ‎⑦testtube baby 试管婴儿 ‎⑧GMF＝genetically modified food 转基因食品 ‎⑨household robot 家用机器人 ‎⑩industrial robot 工业机器人 ‎⑪intelligent terminal 智能终端 ‎⑫(be) identical to 和……一样，与……一致 ‎⑬get out of control 摆脱控制 ‎⑭make a contribution to 对……做出贡献 ‎⑮make a breakthrough 取得突破 ‎⑯take advantage of 利用 ‎⑰in terms of 根据；从……的角度 ‎⑱run out of 用完；耗尽 ‎(四)写作佳句背一背 ‎①It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.‎ ‎②In the last decades, it is advances in medical technology that have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.‎ ‎③In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being.‎ ‎二、话题书面表达亮一点 假如你是李华，你班同学最近参加了某报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：要不要克隆人类。请你给报社编辑投稿，客观地介绍讨论情况，并表达自己的看法。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎　‎ ‎[写作4步走]‎ 第一步：句写对——给词写句 discussion, clone humans, pleasure, breakthrough, scientist, moral, differ, merely, copy, take advantage of, evil person, right now, perhaps　　‎ ‎1．我们展开了一场有关是否应该克隆人类的讨论。‎ We_have_had_a_discussion_on_whether_we_should_clone_humans.‎ ‎2．35%的同学认为克隆人类很有趣。‎ ‎35_percent_of_the_students_think_cloning_humans_is_interesting.‎ ‎3．克隆人类能给人们带来更多快乐。‎ Cloning_humans_can_give_people_more_pleasure.‎ ‎4．克隆人类能够做出巨大突破。‎ Cloning_humans_can_make_a_great_breakthrough.‎ ‎5．我们可以克隆一些科学家，让他们做一些工作。‎ We_can_clone_some_scientists_and_let_them_do_some_work.‎ ‎6．他们能为我们人类做更多的事。‎ They_can_do_more_things_for_us_humans.‎ ‎7．65%的同学认为它是一个道德问题。‎ ‎65_percent_of_the_students_think_that_it_is_a_moral_question.‎ ‎8．我们每个人都不同。‎ Each_of_us_differs.‎ ‎9．克隆人只是个复制品。‎ A_cloned_person_is_merely_a_copy.‎ ‎10．克隆人可能会被坏人所利用。‎ Cloned_people_may_be_taken_advantage_of_by_some_evil_persons.‎ ‎11．克隆人类是对还是不对， 现在很难说。‎ Whether_cloning_humans_is_right_or_not_is_difficult_to_say_right_now.‎ ‎12．或许我们只能等着看看。‎ Perhaps_we_will_just_have_to_wait_and_see.‎ 第二步：量写够——语句扩充 ‎13．在句2中加入并列成分“可以使人复生”。‎ ‎35_percent_of_the_students_think_cloning_humans_is_interesting_and_can_bring_people_back_to_life.‎ ‎14．在句4中加入介词短语“在经济发展中”。‎ Cloning_humans_can_make_a_great_breakthrough_in_the_development_of_economy.‎ ‎15．在句5中加入定语“著名的”“精确的”“研究型的”。‎ We_can_clone_some_famous_scientists_and_let_them_do_some_exact_research_work.‎ ‎16．在句7中加入动词不定式“克隆人类”作真正的主语。‎ ‎65_percent_of_the_students_think_that_it_is_a_moral_question_to_clone_humans. ‎ 第三步：语写美——词句升格 ‎17．用not only ... but also ... 引导的倒装句合并句3和句14。‎ Not_only_can_cloning_humans_give_people_more_pleasure,_but_it_also_can_make_a_great_breakthrough_in_the_development_of_economy.‎ ‎18．用高级词汇undertake升格句15中的do然后用so that合并句15和句6。‎ We_can_clone_some_famous_scientists_and_let_them_undertake_some_exact_research_work_so_that_they_can_do_more_things_for_us_humans.‎ ‎19．用短语hold_the_view升格句16中的think。‎ ‎20．用并列连词while连接句8和句9。‎ Each_of_us_differs_while_a_cloned_person_is_merely_a_copy.‎ ‎21．用it 作形式主语改写句11。‎ It_is_difficult_right_now_to_say_whether_cloning_humans_is_right_or_not.‎ 第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文 用recently， besides， at the same time， in my opinion等衔接词连句成文 Recently_we_have_had_a_discussion_on_whether_we_should_clone_humans.‎ ‎35_percent_of_the_students_think_cloning_humans_is_interesting_and_can_bring_people_back_to_life._Not_only_can_cloning_humans_give_people_more_pleasure,_but_it_also_can_make_a_great_breakthrough_in_the_development_of_economy._Besides,_we_can_clone_some_famous_scientists_and_let_them_undertake_some_exact_research_work_so_that_they_can_do_more_things_for_us_humans.‎ ‎65_percent_of_the_students_hold_the_view_that_it_is_a_moral_question_to_clone_‎ humans._Each_of_us_differs_while_a_cloned_person_is_merely_a_copy._At_the_same_time,_cloned_people_may_be_taken_advantage_of_by_some_evil_persons.‎ In_my_opinion,_it_is_difficult_right_now_to_say_whether_cloning_humans_is_right_or_not.Perhaps_we_will_just_have_to_wait_and_see.‎ Ⅰ.根据提示填空 When it comes to cloning, people's ideas ❶differ (different). Some people are in favour of its ❷development (develop), for they believe it will be bound to benefit us. Firstly, cloning technology can be used in agriculture，which can prevent the ❸diseases (disease) caused by pests, and can improve the produce. Furthermore, we can also employ cloning to protect the endangered animals, which is ❹beneficial (benefit) to human beings. Moreover, cloning technology can be used in medicine ❺to_treat (treat) illnesses，which is bound to save many sick people.‎ On the contrary, others feel cast down because they think it is not ❻morally (moral) reasonable; besides, they think it also breaks the gender balance and the ❼balance_of_nature (自然平衡). So they have a strong ❽objection (object) to it.‎ However, many countries have got down to it and obtained great ❾breakthroughs (breakthrough) actually. So we are unable to resist it. In my opinion, cloning will pay off on condition that all undertake to use it properly in spite of its disadvantages (disadvantage)．‎ Ⅱ.片段选词填空 treat， inject ...into， cure， successful， procedure， benefit， supporter， damage， industrialised， combine ...with， aging process， in terms of， run out of， be free of ‎ There are many ways in which human cloning is expected to ❶benefit_humans.‎ Dr. Richard Seed, one of the leading ❷supporters of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to completely change the ❸aging_process because of what we learn from cloning.‎ Scientists believe that they may be able to ❹treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and ❺injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. Heart disease is the number one killer in the US and several other ❻industrialised countries.‎ There has been a breakthrough with human stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace ❼damaged ones. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, and kidneys could be produced. By ❽combining this technology with human cloning technology, it may be possible to produce needed organs for suffering people that will ❾be_free_of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart failure, and other problems can be cured if human cloning and its technology are not banned.‎ Though current treatments for infertility (不生育) are getting a fair amount of publicity in the news, they, in_terms_of percentages, are not very successful. Some data shows that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run_out_of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before possible.‎ 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心 Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空 ‎1．(2018·江苏高考)It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission (permit)．‎ ‎2．(2017·江苏高考)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ ‎3．(2016·浙江高考)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he's reliable (rely)．‎ ‎4．(2016·浙江高考)A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.‎ ‎5．(2016·浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study conducted (conduct) in Australia in 2012.‎ ‎6．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers conducted (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空 relationship, conduct, accurate, hungry, permission, anxious, consequence　　‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Just last year, I was __56__ a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.____________‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted roundtheworld air tickets in May, but their __43__ ended and he did not want her ticket to go to waste.____________‎ ‎3．(2017·北京高考)More recently, the foundation began another campaign called National Red Scarf Day — a day when people donate ＄20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada's __48__ and homeless.____________‎ ‎4．(2017·浙江高考)She had asked the government for __41__ to move the books to a safe place, but they refused.____________‎ ‎5．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Powerful, yes, but not always __26__. For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.____________‎ ‎6．(2015·重庆高考)In the following days, the owner still couldn't be contacted. Alice paid the vet to continue treatment. I grew __22__： What if the family had simply left the cat behind？____________‎ ‎7．(2015·安徽高考)All around the world, we can see the __50__ of this throwaway lifestyle.____________‎ 答案：1.conducting　2.relationship　3.hungry　4.permission ‎5．accurate　6.anxious　7.consequences ‎ 二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度 新高考下的命题新视角：从基因工程到转基因技术、从人工智能到纳米技术，这些前沿科技反映了人类在科学技术方面的进步，与人类的生活与未来息息相关。作为紧跟时代潮流的新高考，命题选材越来越重视最新科技信息的报道及科技成果的展示。‎ ‎[话题感悟]‎ 学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深 ‎(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)‎ In 2001, scientists at Texas A&M University successfully cloned a cat for the first time, but this copy cat is no mirror image of the original. Copy Cat (CC) was the first cat ever cloned. In 2001, researchers at Texas A&M University created the clone from the DNA of a calico cat (三色猫) named Rainbow after a failed attempt at cloning a dog.‎ Interestingly, Rainbow and Copy Cat are different in many ways. Rainbow's coat is brown, and white, while CC's is gray and white; Rainbow is shy, but CC is outgoing and curious.‎ The differences in the two cats confirm that identical DNA won't necessarily create similar appearances or personalities because there are many other factors that contribute to both surface characteristics and temperament (性情)．‎ CC has since gone on to have three healthy kittens via the natural method, and the research that led to her creation became the foundation for a Californiabased pet cloning company called Genetic Savings & Clone, Inc.‎ However, the cat cloning project caused criticism from animal welfare groups, which pointed out that millions of cats are killed in shelters each year due to pet overpopulation.‎ ‎ They argued that the large sums of money spent on creating more cats could be put to better use providing homes for strays.‎ There are also objections to the cloning process itself. Many people consider cloning cruel, as it is a process that can lead to deformities and other problems, which is evident in the fact that many clones die within months or even days of creation.‎ Much to the delight of animal welfare advocates, after cloning five cats in total, Genetic Savings & Clone shut down in 2006.The reason for the company's close was its inability to make its cloning technology affordable and thus accessible to mainstream consumers.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是克隆猫所带来的令人惊讶的结果以及大众对它的看法。‎ ‎1．What is the best title of the passage?‎ A．Cloned Cats — a Surprising Development on Technology B．Cloned Cats — Cloning Produces Surprising Results C．Cloned Cats — a Cruel Research in Science D．Cloned Cats — a Project Caused Criticism 解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据文章的主题讲述的是克隆出来的猫在性格和外观上都有所不同，这是比较鲜明的特点，因此文章的标题应该体现这一点，因此选B。‎ ‎2．Which of the following about CC is TRUE?‎ A．The researchers failed in cloning it in 2001.‎ B．Its fur is brown and white as the calico cat.‎ C．It is outgoing and curious as Rainbow.‎ D．It doesn't have similar personalities as Rainbow.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The differences in the two cats confirm that identical DNA won't necessarily create similar appearances or personalities”即可判断答案。‎ ‎3．What's the underlined word in the 6th paragraph similar to?‎ A．Criticism.　　　　　　　 B．Waste of money.‎ C．Disability. D．Overpopulation.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据文章第六段中的“cruel”，“other problems”和“which is evident in the fact that many clones die within months or even days of creation”可判断，许多人认为克隆太残酷，会造成残疾，死亡率很高，因此画线词指的是身体上的残疾。‎ ‎4．The reason for the company's demise is that cloning is________.‎ A．a waste of money B．cruel sometimes C．inaccessible to most people D．affordable to consumers 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“... its inability to make its cloning ‎ technology affordable and thus accessible to mainstream consumers”可判断答案。‎ 学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透 运用“比对法”解正误判断题 正误判断题多是根据文章细节判断所给选项的正误。在解答此类题时，应带着题目回查原文，分别把四个选项与原文信息进行比对，看看它们之间的吻合度，比较四个选项与原文信息的差异，从而判断正误。此外，也要把四个选项之间互相进行比较，找出四个选项之间的细微差异，从而推断答案。‎ 例如上文第2小题，A项的内容与文章第一段的“In 2001, researchers at Texas A&M University created the clone from the DNA of a calico cat (三色猫) named Rainbow after a failed attempt at cloning a dog.”不符，故排除A项；根据第二段的“Rainbow's coat is brown, and white, while CC's is gray and white; Rainbow is shy, but CC is outgoing and curious.”可排除B、C两项。根据文章第三段中的“The differences in the two cats confirm that identical DNA won't necessarily create similar appearances or personalities”即可判断答案。故选D项。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·广州综合测试)It's no secret that your personal characteristics directly affect how you interact with the world — but you might be surprised at just how deep it goes. Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable for you.‎ Highly Sensitive Highly sensitive people may be more uncomfortable with group exercise classes or team sports where they feel their every move is being observed. Additionally, they may feel more upset about an ineffective or a poor workout, says researcher Elaine Aron.‎ For such people, individual or noncompetitive activities like biking, running and hiking are ideal.‎ Type A Personality Type A individuals often have an “all or nothing approach” to exercise. This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super competitive. However, this can cause them to stick too closely to a fitness routine, which means they might try to push past an injury.‎ To get better exercise results, Type A people need to be aware that following an exercise plan too strictly may limit their progress. They should be more flexible and listen to their ‎ body, especially when they are in pain.‎ Type B Personality This laidback group may get too lazy about their exercise plan, which prevents them from seeing results. They are often less willing to devote enough time and energy to their fitness goals, especially if exercise is something that makes them anxious.‎ Type B individuals succeed in creative and cooperative environments, so team sports and group gym classes may be perfect.‎ Remember, there are plenty of ways you can adapt a fitness plan to suit your needs, regardless of your characteristics. Just keep in mind what you like.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了人的性格影响体育锻炼项目的选择。‎ ‎1．Why might highly sensitive people be unwilling to take part in group sports?‎ A．They will feel like they are being evaluated.‎ B．They don't like socializing with other people.‎ C．They don't consider themselves to be athletic.‎ D．They fear they'll be let down by their teammates.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，高度敏感的人可能不喜欢参加团体运动课程或团队体育运动的原因是他们觉得他们的每一个动作都会被观察到而被别人评头论足。据此可知，A项正确。‎ ‎2．Type A people can be best described as ________.‎ A．committed　　　　　　　　 B．flexible C．independent D．sensitive 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据Type A Personality部分中的“This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super competitive”可知，这种性格的人会坚守他们的计划；A项意为“坚定的”，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．What is the purpose of the text?‎ A．To help people understand what personality type they are.‎ B．To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits.‎ C．To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise.‎ D．To describe different types of workouts that are available today.‎ 解析：选B　写作目的题。通读全文尤其是文章第一段的第二句可知，本文主要论述了人的性格影响体育锻炼项目的选择，并介绍了不同性格的人的体育锻炼习惯。据此可知，本文旨在解释性格是如何影响人的体育锻炼习惯的，故B项正确。‎ B ‎(2019·武汉模拟)For years, my time spent in the shower could have got me a mention in Guinness World Records as the shortest time taken to bathe.I hurried up during this process.‎ One day, however, while at a party, I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower. “What about you？” he asked. “Don't you get your creative thoughts from the same place？”‎ ‎“I'm in and out in a hurry，” I told him proudly. “I have no time to waste！”‎ ‎“What a pity，” he said. “That's the place where you need to slow down; plenty of great thoughts come from there！” I tried it out.I slowed down the whole process, started enjoying the warm water, taking a little longer to soap myself and even spending more time just enjoying the process, and realized how much I had missed in hurrying up all these years.‎ A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from and how she sought to convince her that she needed to find ways to relax.She gave her a videotape on stress management and relaxation techniques, and encouraged her to watch it right away.Fifteen minutes later, her friend handed back the tape. “It was good，” she said, “but I don't need it.”‎ ‎“But it's a 70minute video，” the woman replied. “You couldn't have watched the whole thing.”‎ ‎“Yes, I did，” her friend said. “I put it in fastforward！”‎ A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness.We hurry through work.We swallow fast food.We complain that we don't have enough time.We race through the days and weeks until one day we look back in amazement and comment, “Oh, how the years flew by！” Then we realize the heavy price we have paid for traveling fast.‎ Symptoms of Hurry Sickness include stress and anxiety, bad relationships, poor work performance and even disease.Some people don't survive it.What's the cure? Slow down, for life is so short and precious that we must live it well.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过叙述“我”在一次聚会与一位艺术家朋友谈及洗澡的时间问题，向我们介绍了21世纪存在的一个主要的社会问题是匆忙症，从而告诉我们：生命是如此短暂和珍贵，我们必须好好地慢下来生活。‎ ‎4．What was the advantage of taking a shower in the eyes of the artist friend?‎ A．Time was saved.　　 B．Nothing was missed.‎ C．Great ideas flew away. D．Creative thoughts came.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“his idea came while he was having a shower”和“Don't you get your creative thoughts from the same place？”‎ 可知，在那位艺术家朋友的眼里，在洗澡时会产生创造性的想法。‎ ‎5．What was the trouble with the woman's friend?‎ A．She felt stressed.‎ B．She found the tape useless.‎ C．She found no way to relax.‎ D．She watched the tape too fast.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from”可知，那位女士的朋友感到压力很大。‎ ‎6．What is the major social trouble people face in the 21st century in the writer's eyes?‎ A．People run fast to work.‎ B．Everything is done in a hurry.‎ C．People don't have enough time.‎ D．Time flies without being noticed.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness”可知，在作者看来，21世纪人们面临的一个主要的社会问题是一切都是匆匆忙忙的。‎ ‎7．How can the problem be settled?‎ A．By slowing down.‎ B．By learning to survive.‎ C．By developing friendship.‎ D．By performing good work.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知，我们可以通过放慢脚步来解决这个问题。‎ C ‎(2019·成都诊断)Food blogs, celebrities, and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic (有机的) fruits and vegetables. But a new study published in Science Advances paints a more complex picture. While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides.‎ Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones. To get a certificate as organic, farmers must meet specific criteria, including growing produce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs. Without these methods, the growing process typically requires more labor, time, and money, a cost that is passed down to consumers.‎ It's true that in many ways, organic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming. But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and ‎ water loss, the comparison gets complex. Organic farms produce less greenhouse gas output per acre. However, because they are barred from using genetic engineering, pesticides (杀虫剂), and other methods that increase efficiency (效率), organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms. While there isn't a whole lot of research on the topic, the few studies that do exist suggest greenhouse gas output and water loss might actually be higher on organic farms, on a per unit basis, says study author Verena Seufert.‎ In addition, while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruits and vegetables, there's not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health. The same is true for the pesticide remainder. In developed countries, where pesticide use is tightly regulated, there's no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health.‎ Still, Seufert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic produce, you should do so. Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity. The real takeaway from her study is not that organic produce is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase the yield without lowering sustainability.‎ But if you can't afford to buy organic produce, don't stress too much, particularly from a nutritional perspective.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了有机农产品的一些情况。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?‎ A．Dangers. B．Drawbacks.‎ C．Benefits. D．Differences.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句可知，虽然有机农产品可能稍微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺点。再结合语境和下文陈述的有机农产品的缺点可以判断，画线词应指有机农产品不好的一面，B项意为“缺点”，故B项正确。‎ ‎9．Which key factor makes it hard to compare organic farming with conventional farming when it comes to environmental concerns?‎ A．The yield. B．The price.‎ C．The water loss. D．The labor.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，当涉及诸如温室气体排放和水资源损失等环境问题时，比较传统农业和有机农业就困难了；且根据第三段的其他内容可知，虽然有机农业与传统农业相比更可持续，但因为不能使用基因工程技术、杀虫剂及其他提高效率的方法，有机农业的产量相对低，故产量是使得两者之间的比较变得困难的重要因素。A项意为“产量”，故A项正确。‎ ‎10．Which of the following will the author most probably agree with?‎ A．Farmers' work environment should be improved.‎ B．Organic produce should be made more efficiently.‎ C．It isn't wise for consumers to buy organic products.‎ D．The pesticide remainder do no harm to people's health.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知，由于禁止使用基因工程技术和杀虫剂等，有机农场的产量估计会比传统农场的产量低19%至25%。据此可以判断，应当提高有机农业的生产效率，故B项正确。第五段的最后一句亦是提示。‎ ‎11．In the author's opinion, why should we support organic produce?‎ A．It's environmentally friendly.‎ B．It's more nutritious.‎ C．It helps keep the variety of plants.‎ D．It's safer for consumers.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，有机农场为工人提供更安全的工作环境，而且有机农场有助于保持生物的多样性。据此可以判断，我们应当提倡有机农产品的原因之一是能保持生物的多样性，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2019·太原模拟)Tofu is a delicacy that transcends (超越) many foods, and a simple dish that can be cooked in various forms and flavors. From sweet to smelly, from China to Japan and beyond — this basic ingredient made from soybeans has become a historic staple throughout Asia.‎ ‎__1__. It was only after a bowl of warm doufuhua, the local tofu pudding, that I saw just how much food plays a part in the city's longing for the past.‎ ‎“Tofu pudding is not just a pudding. __2__，” says Renee, the fourthgeneration owner of Kung Wo Beancurd Factory, a tofu shop in the heart of Hong Kong's old town.‎ Rewind to about 60 years ago, when the neighborhood was home to a busy shipping port. Dock workers would head straight to Kung Wo for some soy milk after a hard day's work.‎ ‎__3__. It was often open until the early hours of the morning to draw the cinemagoers from the theatre nearby for a sweet with their sweeties.‎ ‎“In the 1960s, Hong Kong was not a wealthy place. __4__. People were happy with tofu pudding or soy milk because it was local and cheap，” she says. “Now we have lots of different types of desserts to choose from, but it's funny that people still want to find something more original.”‎ As we sat down to take a spoonful of our tofu pudding, a couple sat at the table next to ours. They told us they were visiting from Canada but grew up here in Hong Kong, and ‎ always came for a bowl of Kung Wo's tofu pudding on their visits. “When we were young, we didn't have McDonald's. __5__. For us it's also comfort food and it's what we love too.”‎ A．It is the only childhood memory for us B．Renee has a secret recipe that is passed on in her family C．People also see it as something related to their childhood D．Renee says back then the shop was a popular night date spot as well E．In Hong Kong, tofu plays another important role — it's comfort food F．At that time there was no choice for desserts like cheesecake or ice cream G．Soybeans stay up to 10 hours in water before they are softened and made into tofu 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了豆腐这种食物以及香港的一家豆腐商店——Kung Wo Beancurd Factory。‎ ‎1．解析：选E　根据空处后一句中的“plays a part”可知，空处表达的意思是在香港，豆腐起到的另一个重要的作用——是使人感觉放松的安慰食物。故选E项。‎ ‎2．解析：选C　根据空处前一句“Tofu pudding is not just a pudding”可知，C项“人们也把它看作与他们的童年有关的东西”与此处衔接紧密。故选C项。‎ ‎3．解析：选D　根据空处后一句可推知，D项“Renee说那个时候这家店也是一个受欢迎的晚上约会的场所”符合语境。‎ ‎4．解析：选F　根据空处前一句“In the 1960s, Hong Kong was not a wealthy place”和空处后一句“People were happy with tofu pudding or soy milk because it was local and cheap”可推知，在那个时候，人们没有像芝士蛋糕和冰淇淋这样的甜点可供选择。故选F项。‎ ‎5．解析：选A　根据空处前一句“When we were young, we didn't have McDonald's”可推知，A项“这是我们唯一的童年记忆”符合语境。‎