2010中考英语重点语法词法考点三代词

2010中考英语重点语法词法考点三代词

‎2010中考英语重点语法词法考点三：代词 一．人称代词：‎ 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 it/she/he it/her/him they them ‎1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches______(we)Chinese. 2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为: 单数:二,三,一（You,sheandI）复数:一,二,三(we,youandthey) 注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.) She and I have been to Beijing. Who broke the window? I and Mike. 注：it还有一些特别的用法。 1）用作形式主语,常用于“It’s+adj+to do sth/for sb to do sth”句型中. 2)用在句型:“It seems that…”中. 3)用在句型:“It’s one’s turn to do sth”中. 4)用在句型:“It’s time to do sth/for sth”中. 5)用在句型:“It’s+adj+that从句”中. 6)用作形式宾语,用来代替动词不定式.make/think/feel/find+it+adj(名词)+to do sth. ‎ 二.物主代词.‎ 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 形容词性 my our your your its/his/her their 名词性 mine ours yours yours its/his/hers theirs 形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。 名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。 Our classroom is as big as ______(they) . This is a friend of ______(my). 注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词. （名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词）   2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.     My own house = a house of my own 三.反身代词：‎ 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ‎ ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 记忆小窍门: 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替. 反身代词的常用搭配:   enjoy oneself  hurt oneself  teach oneself  = learn…by oneself all by oneself    help oneself to …  look after oneself    leave sb by oneself  lose oneself in    say to oneself    for oneself    dress oneself  improve oneself  see oneself in the mirror 四.指示代词 1.近指: this  these    远指: that  those 2.用法:   1)that  those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.   The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .   The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.   A.this  B.that    C.one    D.those    2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.   He had a bad cold .That is why he didn’t come .   3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方.   This is Tom speaking .  Who is that ? 五.不定代词的区别. 1.one与it 的区别   One 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物. This book is a good one . May I borrow it ? 2.some与any 的区别   一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句,条件句中.但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。 May I have some water ? He asked me for some paper , but I didn’t have any . 3.many与much的区别   Many+可数名词的复数    Much+不可数名词      都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词 注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much . 4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别 表否定(几乎没有)‎ 表肯定(有一点/几个)‎ 修饰可数名词 few a few 修饰不可数名词 little a little The story is easy to read . there are _____ new words in it . Hurry up ! There is _____ time left . 5.each / every 的区别 each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个. There are trees and frowers on _____ side of the street . ______ student has read a story . 注:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every 不能与of 连用.只能放在名词前作定语.   Each of us _______(study )hard . 6.no one 与none 的区别 no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. 而none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。.   The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest . 7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别 都 都不 任何一个 两者之间 both neither either 三者或三者以上 all none any There are many trees on ____ side of the river . A. both  B.any  C.either D.all 注: 1). both 的否定词是neither , ‎ all的否定词是none. 2).both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数.   neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. Neither of the answers ______(be) right . Both of my parents _______(be) workers.   3).词组 ‎ A) both …and …连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数. 同义词组:not only …but also …    反义词组: neither … nor … Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _____ _____ she . B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则. Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right . One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park. C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也” D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不”  句型: neither … sb  某人也不怎么样.   If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去) 4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答.   Who 的回答:用no one 回答.   What 的回答:用nothing 回答.   How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.   Who can answer the question ? _______.   A. None  B.No one  C.Nothing 8.other /the other /others /the others 的区别 ‎(空)后面没有名词 ‎(空)后面有名词 有数量限制(特指)‎ the others the other 没有数量限制(泛指)‎ others other 注: 1) one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个……     2) some… others…  表示一些…… 一些…… 3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数. 但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词  表示 “ 另外几个……”   Would you like ______ apple ?   I have two brothers , one is a teacher , _________ is a worker .   Some are cleaning the classroom , ______ are sweeping the window .   There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers ,and _____ are women teachers 9.‎ everyone ‎ 每个，人人，大家 不与of 连用 every one 每个人、物 可与of 连用 Every one of us has seen the film . Everyone should do their best . 10.复合不定代词.‎ some any ‎ no every thing something anything nothing everything one someone anyone no one everyone body somebody anybody nobody everybody 注: 1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 2.形容词修饰不定代词时, 形容词放在不定代词之后. 3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后. 4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中, 1)指人的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he 或they . 2)指物的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用 it . 5.any ,anything ,anyone, anyboby 也可用于肯定句中,表示 “任何……/任何物/任何人” Everything __ begins____(begin ) to grow in spring , ___doesn’t____ ____it___‎ ‎ ? Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newpaper ? I want something ________ (eat ).‎