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【英语】2019届二轮复习代词考点讲解(6页word版)
2019届二轮复习代词考点讲解 [代词考纲] 1.考查它们在特定结构中的用法,如:anyone,both,neither,nothing等与从句相结合。 2.考查any,some,all,none,other,another等不定代词在特定语境中的意义和功能差别。 3.it,one,that,ones,those作替代词的用法区别。 4.it表时间、天气、距离等及it作形式主语、形式宾语。 5.each,every,any的用法。 6.no one,nobody,nothing 和none的区别 7.other, another, others, any other, the other 的区别 8.all ,both, either, neither, one的区别 考点一 it, that, one(s), those的用法 1.it代替的是前面提到的同一事物,即同名同物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词, 也可以是不可数名词。如: I’d like to look at that atlas. May I borrow it?我想看看那张地图,我能借用一下吗(it代替可数名词atlas)? 2.one叫作泛指代词 代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个, 所代替名词是可数名词单数, 其前可带冠词与修饰语。如果代替复数名词,则用ones。如: ①The population problem may be the greatest one in the world today. 人口问题可能是当今世界上最大的一个问题。 (one代替可数名词problem) ②—Which jackets are yours? “哪些是你的夹克?” —The white ones. (ones代替可数名词jackets) “这些白色的。” 3.that叫作特指代词 代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词,后面常有限制性定语。如: ①The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school. 我们学校的校医比你学校的要年轻。(that代替可数名词doctor,相当于the one) ②The weather of this week is worse than that of last week. 这周的天气比上周的天气要坏。(that代替不可数名词weather) 4.those是that的复数形式 代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,只能指代复数名词,相当于the ones。如: The computers in your office are more expensive than those / the ones in our school. 你办公室的电脑比我们学校的电脑要贵。(those代替复数名词computers) no one, nobody, nothing和none的用法区别 考点二 no one,nobody,nothing 和none 的用法 1.no one=nobody 意为“没有人”,只能指人,不能指物,不可与介词 of 连用,谓语动词用单数形式,回答 who 引导的问句。如: —Who is in the classroom? “是谁在教室?” —No one. “没有人。” 2.nothing 意为“没有东西”,一般回答what。如: —What’s in the cave? “洞里面有什么?” —Nothing. “什么都没有。” 3. none 既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为“一点也不,一个也不”;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与 of 连用,通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”,上下文已明确的情况下,也可省略of短语。常用来回答 how much 和 how many 引导的疑问句。如: They were all tired, but none (of them) would stop to have a rest. 他们都累了,但没有一个愿意停下来休息。 考点三 other, another, others, any other, the other 的区别 1.other 表示泛指,意为“另外的、其他的” 常与复数名词。如果前面有 the, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。如: I have no other place to go. 我再也没有别的地方可去。 2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”,泛指单数。可单独使用,也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又、再、还”。如: ①This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one). 这顶帽子对我来说太小了。再给我拿一顶。 ②We need another three assistants in our shop. 我们店里还需要三位助手。 3.others:相当于复数名词,是“other+复数名词” 的一种变式,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如: He has more concern for others than for himself. 比起自己来说,他更关心他人。 4. any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。如: China is far larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个国家都要大得多。 5.the other:表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用,也可接单数名词。如: No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other. 因为双方都不向另一方让步,所以讨论没有达成任何协议。 考点四 all ,both, either, neither, one的区别 1.all 与 both均表示“都”,但 all 表示三者以上的人或物, both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义,如果与 not 连用时,则表示部分否定。 2.neither 与 either 都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)都不”;而 either 表肯定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)都”。都可单独使用,也可同介词 of 连用。如: ①Both teams were in hard training; neither is willing to lose the game. 这两支球队都在刻苦训练。哪一方都不愿意输掉这次比赛。 ②—Do you want tea or coffee? 你想喝茶还是喝咖非? —Either. I really don’t mind. 啥也行,我其实不介意。 3.none表示三者以上的人或物都不,经常与of短语连用。有时none也可表示不可数名词。如: None of them has seen me before. 以前他们没有一个人见过我。 None of the money belongs to me. 这些钱都不属于我。 考点五 it 用法 it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 1.代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如: That vase is valuable. It’s more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵,它有200多年的历史。 2.当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时,也可用it来表示。 如: It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩? 3.it作没有具体意义的主语,出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如: It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。 4.it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如: How is it going with you? 你近况如何? 5. it充当形式主语或形式宾语。 it充当形式主语或形式宾语,本身无意义,只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、ing分词结构或名词性从句。 如: ①It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to make a living. 懒汉谋生是日益困难了。 (形式主语) ②We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution. 我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。 (形式宾语) 6.it用于强调结构。其基本句型为:It+is/was+被强调部分+that(who)+其他……。 ① It is I who have done it.是我做的这件事。 ②It was at that time that I thought of giving him a call. 直到那时我才想起要给他一个电话。 7.it还可在介词后占有宾语的位置,然后通过that引出一个介词宾语从句。如: ①You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了,他们会支持你的。 ②They will answer for it that the computer is reliable. 他们愿意保证这台电脑是可靠的。 真题链接 7. My brother would like to buy a good watch but ____was available from that shop. 【2012江西卷】 A.nothing B.none C.no one D.neither 7.B 考查不定代词。nothing指物,什么都不是;none既可指人也可指物,强调“每一个”;no one只能指人;neither表两者都不,故此题选B。 8.-John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? -_________.I’ll be off to London then. 【2012重庆卷】 A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 8. B 考查不定代词用法。根据答语“I’ll be off to London then.”可知,约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说,都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意,符合语境。因此,正确答案为B选项。 9. If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get _____for me? A. one B. such C. this D. that 9. A 考查代词的用法。句意:如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸,给我捎回一份好吗?one作“一个”,“一本”,“一件”等解,用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper. 10. No matter where he is, he makes _____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 【2012陕西卷】 A. him B this C. that D. it 10.D 考查代词。所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语,真正宾语是to go for a walk,选D。 【方法技巧】 代词的复习方法: 1.明确指代。在解答代词题目时,我们应首先分析前后文,明确代词所指代的对象,从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑: (1)代词指代的是人还是物; (2)代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词; (3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念; (4)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。 (5)代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。 2.理清逻辑。需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑: (1)代词所表示的范围; (2)代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。 3 吃透语境。有些NMET试题考查的是代词在具体语境中的灵活运用,这样的题目须分析具体的语境才能选出正确答案,忌死抠语法。 【专题训练】 1. Most female workers in Beijing suffer from________connected to the global financial crisis, according to a recent survey. A. curiosity B. eagerness C. Thirst D. anxiety 2. Charles Dickens wrote many novels to call________to social problems at that time. A. Interest B. attention C. notice D. mind 3. His story of the accident does not make any________.He is telling a lie. A.Difference B.sense C.Excuse D.point 4.—What do you think of the TV play “The Meteor Garden”? —I take no interest in it. One of the reasons in that such a life is out of our________. A. Mind B. point C. reach D. sight 5.—Who did you spend last weekend with? —________. A. Palmer’s B. The Palmer C. The Palmers D. The Palmer 6.lf you don’ take away all your things from the desk,there won’t be enough________for my stationery. A. Area B. place C. Room D. surface 7.We all know that________speak louder than words. A. Movements B. performances C. Operations D. actions 8. When it comes to a close friendship, your gift can’t be just________. It must be special. A. something B. anything C. Nothing D. everything 9.—I wonder if I can use your camera. —I don’t have________. But my roommate does.He bought________last month. A.one;one B.it;one C.it;it D.one;it 10. Little Franz had hoped to get to school on time but found at the last minute that he couldn’t________. A.help it B.make it C.hope for that D.get that 11.—Are there any tickets left? —Sorry. There are________if________. A. few; any B.a few; some C.some ; few D.any; some 12.—Daniel! The alarm clock has been ringing for almost a minute. —Oh, Mum! Can I sleep________minutes? A.another five B.more five C.five another D.five other 13.—Anything wrong? —There was no objection on the part of________present. A. this B. those C. These D. who 14.—Of the several suits, which one is your favorite? —________. I like plain clothes. A. None B. Neither C. Not all D. No one 15. Within industries,companies are always trying to develop products that are one step better than________of other companies. A.one B.that C.Those D.it 【参考答案】 1-5DBBCC 6-10CDBDB 11-15AABAC查看更多